scholarly journals Mental Health and the Association between Asthma and E-cigarette Use among Young Adults in The United States: A Mediation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8799
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. M. Alanazi ◽  
Mohammed M. Alqahtani ◽  
Gregory Pavela ◽  
Eric W. Ford ◽  
Adam M. Leventhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
Asthma Status

Background: Asthma is associated with a greater likelihood of e-cigarette use among young adults, which may increase the risk of pulmonary complications. Because substance use trajectories emerge in early adulthood, it is important to identify factors that may be important in addressing this new public health threat. One such factor may be poor mental health. Methods: Data were extracted from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Current and former asthma status was measured by self-reported lifetime and current asthma status; mental health functioning was measured by the number of self-reported bad mental health days during the past 30 days; e-cigarette use was measured by self-reported current e-cigarette use. We tested the hypothesis that mental health mediates the association between asthma status and e-cigarette use among young adults using structural equation modeling. Results: The prevalence of e-cigarette use was significantly higher among young adults with current (9.90%) or former asthma (13.09%) than those without asthma (9.58%). Furthermore, the number of bad mental health days in the past 30 days was significantly greater among young adults with current or former asthma than among those without asthma (Mean (Standard Deviation): 6.85 (0.42), 4.18 (0.85) versus 3.83 (0.17)), respectively. Finally, we found a statistically significant indirect effect of asthma on the likelihood of e-cigarette use through mental health such that the higher prevalence of e-cigarette use among those with current or former asthma was statistically accounted for by a greater number of bad mental health days in the past 30 days. Conclusions: Consistent with mediation, poorer mental health accounted for the higher prevalence of e-cigarette use among those with asthma. However, longitudinal studies are needed to interrogate causal relationships, including the effects of e-cigarette use on mental health. Mental health services may play an important role in improving health and wellbeing in this vulnerable population.

Marital Quality as a Mechanism Linking Childhood Abuse to Mental Health

2022 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110598
Author(s):  
Michael Fitzgerald ◽  
Jacob A. Esplin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Midlife Development ◽  
Using Data

Childhood abuse has been widely associated with mental health problems in adulthood and marital quality may be one possible mediator. We examine marital quality as a mediator linking childhood abuse to positive affect, negative affect, emotionally reactivity, and aggression. Using data from Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), results of structural equation modeling indicate that the indirect effects from childhood abuse to each of the mental health outcomes were significant. Marital quality may be a source of resilience among adults who were abused in childhood and could be a point of intervention for clinicians.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Negative and Positive Mental Health Among Nursing Students in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryon C. McDermott ◽  
Sharon M. Fruh ◽  
Susan Williams ◽  
Caitlyn Hauff ◽  
Scott Sittig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Multigroup Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychological Strengths

BACKGROUND: Researchers have documented significant psychological problems among nursing students, but findings have been inconclusive as to whether nursing students are “at-risk” for mental health problems compared with their non-nursing peers. AIMS: This study examined whether nursing students have unique mental health characteristics compared with students from other professions. METHOD: Undergraduates ( N = 18,312; nursing n = 1,399) were selected from the 2016-2017 National Healthy Minds Study. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (depression), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (anxiety), and the Flourishing Scale (positive psychology). RESULTS: Nursing students were equally likely to screen positive for depression and anxiety compared with their non-nursing peers. However, when controlling for gender, age, and year in school, multigroup structural equation modeling analyses revealed that female (but not male) nursing students reported significantly higher levels of specific anxiety symptoms and certain psychological strengths than female students from other professions. Nursing students are equally likely to screen positive for depression or anxiety as their non-nursing peers; however, anxiety disorders may reflect symptom profiles unique to nursing students. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest a need for tailored screening and interventions to reduce mental health problems and harness psychological strengths unique to nursing students.

scholarly journals Cigarette Use, E-Cigarette Use, and Dual Product Use Are Higher Among Adults With Serious Psychological Distress in the United States: 2014–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1875-1882
Author(s):  
Andrea H Weinberger ◽  
Jiaqi Zhu ◽  
Jessica L Barrington-Trimis ◽  
Katarzyna Wyka ◽  
Renee D Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Distress Scale

Abstract Introduction Cigarette use is declining yet remains common among adults with mental health conditions. In contrast, e-cigarette use may be on the rise. This study investigated the relationship between serious psychological distress (SPD) and the exclusive and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among US adults from 2014 to 2017. Aims and Methods Data came from 2014 to 2017 National Health Interview Survey, an annual, cross-sectional survey of nationally representative samples of US adults (total combined analytic sample n = 125 302). Past-month SPD was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and cigarette and e-cigarette use were assessed at each wave. Logistic regressions examined product use by SPD status in 2017 and trends in product use by SPD status from 2014 to 2017. Analyses adjusted for demographic covariates. Results The prevalence of cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use was higher among adults with SPD than without SPD in each year including the most recent data year 2017 (cigarette use, 39.50% vs. 13.40%, p < .001; e-cigarette use, 7.41% vs. 2.65%, p < .001; dual use, 5.30% vs. 1.26%, p < .001). Among adults with SPD, the prevalence of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use did not change from 2014 to 2017 in contrast to a decreasing prevalence in cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use among individuals without SPD. Conclusions US adults with SPD report higher levels of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use than adults without SPD. Use of these products has not declined over the past several years in contrast to decreasing trends among adults without SPD. Implications These data extend our knowledge of tobacco product use and mental health disparities by showing that in addition to higher levels of cigarette use, US adults with SPD also use e-cigarettes and dual products (cigarette and e-cigarette) more commonly than those without SPD. Furthermore, the use of these products has not declined over the past several years in contrast to continuing declines among adults without SPD. More research is needed to understand the potential positive and negative consequences of e-cigarette use among adults with SPD.

An Examination of the Associations Among Victimization, Mental Health, and Offending in Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 796-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Lynch ◽  
Dana D. DeHart ◽  
Joanne Belknap ◽  
Bonnie L. Green ◽  
Priscilla Dass-Brailsford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Treatment Utilization ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews

This study examines mental health as a mediator of the victimization and offending link in women. We administered structured diagnostic interviews to 491 women in urban and rural jails in four geographic regions of the United States to obtain detailed lifetime mental health, substance use, victimization, and conviction history. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine associations among adult and childhood experiences of interpersonal violence, lifetime mental health and substance use disorders, treatment utilization, and total number of convictions. Lifetime mental health and substance use disorders mediated the relationship between childhood victimization and adversity and number of convictions, and between adult victimization and number of convictions. In addition, greater treatment utilization was significantly associated with number of convictions. The findings offer support for including mental health and treatment utilization in models of women’s offending and conducting comprehensive mental health assessments of women entering jail.

scholarly journals Structural equation modeling of mental health in gentrifying neighborhoods in Austin, Texas

Open Health ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Emmanuel Iyanda ◽  
Yongmei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
City Government ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Having poor mental health can be life-threatening, and problems tied to it are prevalent in communities across the United States (US). The city of Austin is one of the ten cities in the US undergoing rapid urban gentrification; however, there is insufficient empirical evidence on the impact of this process on residents’ health. Consequently, this study explored the concept of weathering and life course perspective using data of 331 residents recruited from two regions endemic with gentrification to assess the health impacts of gentrification. We used a triangulation method including univariate, bivariate correlation, and multiple linear regression implemented through the structural equation model to examine the complex pathways to three health outcomes—measured stress, self-rated mental health, and depression symptoms. Bivariate Pearson’s correlation indicated a significant positive association between gentrification score and mental health symptoms and stress. However, the direct association between gentrification and depression disappeared in the causal/path model. In support of the weathering hypothesis, this study found that stress score was directly related to the adulthood depression score. Therefore, this research builds on the accumulating evidence of environmental stress and mental health in the US’s rapidly changing physical and sociocultural environment. Hence, implementing and guaranteeing social equity of resources will improve residents’ health and reduce the cost of health care spending at both the household level and the city government level.

scholarly journals Structural Equation Modeling of Parkinson’s Caregiver Social Support, Resilience, and Mental Health: A Strength-Based Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen M. Tyler ◽  
Richard S. Henry ◽  
Paul B. Perrin ◽  
Jack Watson ◽  
Teresita Villaseñor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms

Only scant literature has focused on social support in Parkinson’s disease (PD) caregivers, and no studies to date have examined resilience in this population, despite both variables having been shown to be important in other caregiving populations. As a result, the purpose of the current study was to construct and validate a theoretical structural equation model whereby social support is associated with higher levels of resilience in PD caregivers and increased resilience is related to decreased mental health symptoms. Two hundred fifty three PD caregivers from two clinics in the United States and Mexico completed self-report measures of these constructs. Results suggested that the hypothesized pattern was robustly supported with the structural equation model showing generally good fit indices. Higher levels of social support were associated with increased resilience, which in turn was associated with reduced mental health symptoms. Resilience partially mediated social support’s effect on mitigating mental health symptoms. The model explained 11% of the variance in resilience and 35% in mental health symptoms. These findings have implications for future research on the development and tailoring of interventions to improve social support, resilience, and mental health in PD caregivers.

scholarly journals The Effects of Coronavirus Victimization Distress and Coronavirus Racial Bias on Mental Health Among Black, Indigenous and Latinx Young Adults in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia B. Fisher ◽  
Xiangyu Tao ◽  
Tiffany Yip
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Depression And Anxiety

AbstractBackgroundPeople of color in the U.S. have been disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of rates of infection and morbidity. Explanations for these disparities include over-representation as essential workers and long-standing inequities in access to health services. Prior to the pandemic, racial discrimination has been associated with depression and general anxiety. However, the effect of discrimination and racial bias specific to the Coronavirus on mental health has not been examined. The aim of this study was to assess the effects Coronavirus victimization distress and Coronavirus racial bias beliefs on the mental health of young adult people of color.MethodAn online survey administered to a national sample of 350 Black, Indigenous and Latinx adults (18 – 25 years) included Coronavirus health risks, prescription and financial security, measure of depression and anxiety and 2 new psychometrically validated measures for Coronavirus related victimization distress and racial bias.ResultsEmployment, number of Coronavirus health risks, Coronavirus victimization distress and Coronavirus racial bias were positively correlated with each other and with depression and anxiety. By contrast, household income and perceived financial and prescription security were negatively correlated with Coronavirus victimization, Coronavirus racial bias and with the mental health indices. Structural equation modeling controlling for demographic variables indicated perceived Coronavirus racial bias mediated the effect of Coronavirus victimization distress on both mental health measures across all groups.ConclusionsResults suggest the COVID-19 pandemic has created new pathways to mental health disparities among young adults of color by reversing formerly protective factors such as employment, and by exacerbating structural and societal inequities linked to race. Findings highlight the necessity of creating mental health services tailored to the specific needs of racial/ethnic minorities during the current and future health crises.

scholarly journals Ecological Momentary Mood, Resilience, and Mental Health Status as Predictors of Quality of Life Among Young Adults Under Stress: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel-Tzofia Sinvani ◽  
Haya Fogel-Grinvald ◽  
Anat Afek ◽  
Rina Ben-Avraham ◽  
Alex Davidov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Multiple internal factors, such as psychological resilience and mental health status, have been shown to contribute to overall quality of life (QoL). However, very few studies to date have examined how these factors contribute to QoL of youth and young adults in a stressful situation. Here, we studied the contribution of these factors, as well as of ecological momentary mood assessment, to QoL of young army recruits during their Basic Training Combat (BCT). To this end, we collected data from 156 male and female soldiers in a mixed-gender unit in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Using a mobile app installed on participants' phones, participants provided self-reports regarding their mental health status and psychological resilience at baseline, and QoL 2 weeks later. Momentary mood reporting was further collected during the 2-week interval period using a daily self-report mood scale (IMS-12). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the interrelationships among the study variables based on a hypothesized model. We found that a model with all factors (gender, resilience, mental health status and momentary mood) provided a good fit for the data based on its fit indices [χ2(38) = 47.506, p = 0.139, CFI = 0.979, NFI = 0.910, RMSEA = 0.040, TLI = 0.964]. However, the only direct contributors to QoL were gender and momentary mood, accounting together for 61.5% of the variance of QoL. Psychological resilience and mental health status contributed to QoL only indirectly, through their associations with momentary mood. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of ecological momentary assessment of mental-health related factors such as mood to the prediction of QoL in young adults under stress. These findings may have broader implications for monitoring and improvement of well-being in young healthy populations as well as in clinical ones.

scholarly journals Coparenting and Mental Health in Families with Jailed Parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8705
Author(s):  
Eman Tadros ◽  
Kerrie Fanning ◽  
Sarah Jensen ◽  
Julie Poehlmann-Tynan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parental Incarceration ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Adult Mental Health ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
Partner Effect

The number of families affected by parental incarceration in the United States has increased dramatically in the past three decades, with primarily negative implications for adult mental health and child and family well-being. Despite research documenting increased strain on coparenting relationships, less is known regarding the relation between adult mental health and coparenting quality. This study investigated coparenting in families with young children currently experiencing parental incarceration. In a diverse sample of 86 jailed parent–caregiver dyads (n = 172), this analysis of a short-term longitudinal study examined the links among jailed parents’ and children’s at-home caregivers’ externalizing mental health symptoms and perceived coparenting alliance quality using the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model. Analyses using structural equation modeling revealed a medium sized negative partner effect for externalizing behaviors on coparenting alliance for jailed parents, wherein caregivers increased externalizing symptoms related to jailed parents’ lower reported coparenting quality. Caregiver–partner effects and both actor effects resulted in small effects. These findings highlight the roles of mental health and coparenting relationship quality when a parent is incarcerated and contribute to the existing literature on incarcerated coparenting, with implications for theory and practice.

Mental Health Problems in Young Adults Exposed to Abusive Experiences During Childhood: A Structural Equation Model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeeka Chandraratne ◽  
Sajeeva Ranaweera ◽  
Nalika Gunawardena ◽  
Asvini D. Fernando ◽  
Graham Law
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Equation Model
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