scholarly journals Assessing young adults’ ENDS use via Ecological Momentary Assessment and a Smart Bluetooth enabled ENDS device

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehan Li ◽  
Carson Benowitz-Fredericks ◽  
Pamela M Ling ◽  
Joanna E Cohen ◽  
Johannes Thrul
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Introduction The assessment of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use poses unique challenges that go beyond established assessment methods for tobacco cigarettes. Recent studies have proposed using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), a method to collect self-reported data on mobile devices, or data passively collected by “smart” Bluetooth enabled ENDS to assess use. The current study sought to compare ENDS use data using EMA and puff counts collected from a smart device. Methods We recruited 18 young adult ENDS users (age M=23.33; 44.4% female) from the San Francisco Bay Area. For a total of 30 days, participants completed daily diaries by EMA and used a second-generation smart Bluetooth enabled ENDS that collected puff data. Repeated measures correlations, multilevel regressions, and paired T-tests assessed concordance of EMA reports and ENDS data. A subset of 4 highly compliant participants were selected for sensitivity analyses. Results Among all 18 participants, completion of EMA daily diaries was high (77.4%). The ENDS device collected approximately twice as many puffs per day as participants reported. Compared to self-reported number of sessions and amount of e-liquid used, self-reported puff counts had the highest correlation with device collected puff counts (rrm = 0.49; p < .001). Correlations between self-reported and device collected puff counts improved among the subset of 4 highly compliant participants (rrm = 0.59; p < .001). Conclusion Self-reports potentially underestimate use of ENDS. Puff counts appear to be the best self-reported measure to assess ENDS use compared to number of sessions or liquid volume. Implications The comparison of EMA self-reports and passively collected ENDS device data can inform future efforts to assess ENDS use. Self-reported puff counts are preferable over number of sessions or amount of liquid used, but compared to objective usage data, self-reported puff counts may still underestimate actual use. ENDS use behavior is likely higher than users estimate and report. Future research on improved measures of ENDS use is needed.

scholarly journals Assessing bilingual language switching behavior with Ecological Momentary Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Jylkkä ◽  
Anna Soveri ◽  
Matti Laine ◽  
Minna Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

AbstractThe putative bilingual executive advantage has been argued to stem from lifelong experience with executively demanding language behaviors, such as switching between the two languages. However, studies testing for possible associations between language switching frequency and EF in bilinguals have yielded inconsistent results. One reason for this could lie in the methods used that have evaluated the frequency and type of language switches with retrospective self-reports, as well as in problems in reliability and convergent validity of the executive tasks. By using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) as a reference point for self-reports of language switches, we examined the validity of general retrospective self-reports of language switching. Additionally, we examined associations between language switching and EF using multilevel models. Our results indicated that the commonly used retrospective self-reports of language switching may lack convergent validity. However, we found tentative evidence that contextual language switches, assessed with EMA, may be associated with better inhibitory control, set shifting, and working memory.

Application of an Ecological Momentary Assessment Protocol in a Workplace Intervention: Assessing Compliance, Criterion Validity, and Reactivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 985-992
Author(s):  
Katie Weatherson ◽  
Lira Yun ◽  
Kelly Wunderlich ◽  
Eli Puterman ◽  
Guy Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Workplace Intervention ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Measured Position ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a method of collecting behavioral data in real time. The purpose of this study was to examine EMA compliance, identify factors predicting compliance, assess criterion validity of, and reactivity to, using EMA in a workplace intervention study. Methods: Forty-five adults (91.1% female, 39.7 [9.6] y) were recruited for a workplace standing desk intervention. Participants received 5 surveys each day for 5 workdays via smartphone application. EMA items assessed current position (sitting/standing/stepping). EMA responses were time matched to objectively measured time in each position before and after each prompt. Multilevel logistic regression models estimated factors influencing EMA response. Cohen kappa measured interrater agreement between EMA-reported and device-measured position. Reactivity was assessed by comparing objectively measured sitting/standing/stepping in the 15 minutes before and after each EMA prompt using multilevel repeated-measures models. Results: Participants answered 81.4% of EMA prompts. Differences in compliance differed by position. There was substantial agreement between EMA-reported and device-measured position (κ = .713; P < .001). Following the EMA prompt, participants sat 0.87 minutes more than before the prompt (P < .01). Conclusion: The use of EMA is a valid assessment of position when used in an intervention to reduce occupational sitting and did not appear to disrupt sitting in favor of the targeted outcome.

scholarly journals Defining Habit in Psychology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaf Mazar ◽  
Wendy Wood
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Context Dependence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Habitual Behavior ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

We review definitions of habit and evaluate how well current measures capture these definitions. Habits are context-behavior associations in memory that develop as people repeatedly experience rewards for a given action in a given context. Habitual behavior is cued directly by context and does not require supporting goals and conscious intentions. As we explain, goals are important to initiate behavior repetition and to inhibit unwanted habit performance, and in addition can be inferred from habits. To date, research has relied on self-report methods to measure habit. These measures, by themselves, may fall short of adequately testing key features of habit, such as context dependence, or dissociating habitual and non-habitual influences on behavior. By augmenting self-reports with implicit, behavioral, and ecological momentary assessment methods, researchers can gain a more complete understanding of habits and their role in shaping behavior.

scholarly journals Association Between Self-Reported and Objective Activity Levels by Demographic Factors: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study in Children (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Zink ◽  
Britni R Belcher ◽  
Eldin Dzubur ◽  
Wangjing Ke ◽  
Sydney O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
P Values ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Momentary Assessment

BACKGROUND To address the limitations of the retrospective self-reports of activity, such as its susceptibility to recall bias, researchers have shifted toward collecting real-time activity data on mobile devices via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Although EMA is becoming increasingly common, it is not known how EMA self-reports of physical activity and sedentary behaviors relate to the objective measures of activity or whether there are factors that may influence the strength of association between these two measures. Understanding the relationship between EMA and accelerometry can optimize future instrument selection in studies assessing activity and health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the associations between EMA-reported sports or exercise using the accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and EMA-reported TV, videos, or video games with the accelerometer-measured sedentary time (ST) in children during matched 2-h windows and test potential moderators. METHODS Children (N=192; mean age 9.6 years; 94/192, 49.0% male; 104/192, 54.2% Hispanic; and 73/192, 38.0% overweight or obese) wore an accelerometer and completed up to 7 EMA prompts per day for 8 days during nonschool time, reporting on past 2-h sports or exercise and TV, videos, or video games. Multilevel models were used to assess the relationship between the accelerometer-measured ST and EMA-reported TV, videos, or video games. Given the zero-inflated distribution of MVPA, 2-part models were used assess the relationship between the accelerometer-measured MVPA and EMA-reported sports or exercise. RESULTS EMA-reported TV, videos, or video games were associated with a greater accelerometer-measured ST (beta=7.3, 95% CI 5.5 to 9.0, P<.001). This relationship was stronger in boys (beta=9.9, 95% CI 7.2 to 12.6, P<.001) than that in girls (beta=4.9, 95% CI 2.6 to 7.2, P≤.001). EMA-reported sports or exercise was associated with a greater accelerometer-measured MVPA (zero portion P<.001; positive portion P<.001). This relationship was stronger on weekends, in older children, and in non-Hispanic children (zero portion all P values<.001; positive portion all P values<.001). CONCLUSIONS EMA reports highly relate to accelerometer measures. However, the differences in the strength of association depending on various demographic characteristics suggest that future research should use both EMA and accelerometers to measure activity to collect complementary activity data.

scholarly journals The association between history of prenatal loss and maternal psychological state in a subsequent pregnancy: an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Claudia Lazarides ◽  
Nora K. Moog ◽  
Glenn Verner ◽  
Manuel C. Voelkle ◽  
Wolfgang Henrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background Prenatal loss which occurs in approximately 20% of pregnancies represents a well-established risk factor for anxiety and affective disorders. In the current study, we examined whether a history of prenatal loss is associated with a subsequent pregnancy with maternal psychological state using ecological momentary assessment (EMA)-based measures of pregnancy-specific distress and mood in everyday life. Method This study was conducted in a cohort of N = 155 healthy pregnant women, of which N = 40 had a history of prenatal loss. An EMA protocol was used in early and late pregnancy to collect repeated measures of maternal stress and mood, on average eight times per day over a consecutive 4-day period. The association between a history of prenatal loss and psychological state was estimated using linear mixed models. Results Compared to women who had not experienced a prior prenatal loss, women with a history of prenatal loss reported higher levels of pregnancy-specific distress in early as well as late pregnancy and also were more nervous and tired. Furthermore, in the comparison group pregnancy-specific distress decreased and mood improved from early to late pregnancy, whereas these changes across pregnancy were not evident in women in the prenatal loss group. Conclusion Our findings suggest that prenatal loss in a prior pregnancy is associated with a subsequent pregnancy with significantly higher stress and impaired mood levels in everyday life across gestation. These findings have important implications for designing EMA-based ambulatory, personalized interventions to reduce stress during pregnancy in this high-risk group.

Emotionsregulation bei Depression

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Barnow ◽  
Maren Aldinger ◽  
Ines Ulrich ◽  
Malte Stopsack
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Die Anzahl der Studien, die sich mit dem Zusammenhang zwischen Emotionsregulation (ER) und depressiven Störungen befassen, steigt. In diesem Review werden Studien zusammengefasst und metaanalytisch ausgewertet, die den Zusammenhang zwischen ER und Depression mittels Fragebögen bzw. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) erfassen. Dabei zeigt sich ein ER-Profil welches durch die vermehrte Nutzung von Rumination, Suppression und Vermeidung bei gleichzeitig seltenerem Einsatz von Neubewertung und Problemlösen gekennzeichnet ist. Mit mittleren bis großen Effekten, ist der Zusammenhang zwischen Depression und maladaptiven Strategien besser belegt als bei den adaptiven Formen, wo die Effekte eher moderat ausfielen. EMA-Messungen bestätigen dieses Profil. Da EMA-Studien neben der Häufigkeit des Strategieeinsatzes auch die Erfassung anderer ER-Parameter wie Effektivität und Flexibilität ermöglichen, sollten solche Designs in der ER-Forschung zukünftig vermehrt Einsatz finden.

Using Personal Cell Phones for Ecological Momentary Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kuntsche ◽  
Florian Labhart
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is a way of collecting data in people’s natural environments in real time and has become very popular in social and health sciences. The emergence of personal digital assistants has led to more complex and sophisticated EMA protocols but has also highlighted some important drawbacks. Modern cell phones combine the functionalities of advanced communication systems with those of a handheld computer and offer various additional features to capture and record sound, pictures, locations, and movements. Moreover, most people own a cell phone, are familiar with the different functions, and always carry it with them. This paper describes ways in which cell phones have been used for data collection purposes in the field of social sciences. This includes automated data capture techniques, for example, geolocation for the study of mobility patterns and the use of external sensors for remote health-monitoring research. The paper also describes cell phones as efficient and user-friendly tools for prompt manual data collection, that is, by asking participants to produce or to provide data. This can either be done by means of dedicated applications or by simply using the web browser. We conclude that cell phones offer a variety of advantages and have a great deal of potential for innovative research designs, suggesting they will be among the standard data collection devices for EMA in the coming years.

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