scholarly journals Vaping in pregnancy: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Calder ◽  
Eleanor Gant ◽  
Linda Bauld ◽  
Ann McNeill ◽  
Debbie Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Smoking In Pregnancy ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction Smoking in pregnancy increases the risk of negative health outcomes. Vaping can be effective for smoking cessation in non-pregnant populations. We conducted a systematic review of vaping in pregnancy, covering prevalence, patterns of use, reasons for use, smoking cessation and health effects. Methods Five academic databases were searched on 17 February 2020. Studies reporting prevalence, patterns, reasons, cessation or health effects of vaping in pregnancy were included; animal and in-vitro studies were excluded. A narrative review was used, with risk of bias assessed using Hoy and colleague’s tool, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Consolidated Criteria for reporting Qualitative Research. Results Twenty-three studies were identified: 11 survey, seven qualitative, three cohort and two secondary analyses of RCTs. Prevalence of vaping in pregnancy (four studies) was between 1.2% and 7.0% overall, and <1% among non-smokers. Twelve studies reported patterns of use, but findings were inconsistent. Twelve of fourteen studies asking why pregnant women vaped reported that most vaped to reduce or quit smoking. Mixed findings were reported from six studies on smoking cessation. Of three studies with health-related outcomes, two were underpowered and one reported similar birthweights for babies born to non-smokers and women who vaped, with both higher (P<.0001) than the birthweight of babies born to smokers. Conclusions There were insufficient data to draw conclusions about prevalence, patterns and effects of vaping in pregnancy on smoking cessation. The limited literature suggests that vaping in pregnancy has little or no effect on birthweight.

scholarly journals Source of funding and results of studies of health effects of mobile phone use: systematic review of experimental studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Huss ◽  
Matthias Egger ◽  
Kerstin Hug ◽  
Karin Huwiler-Müntener ◽  
Martin Röösli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Telecommunications Industry ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Radiofrequency Radiation ◽  
Methodologic Quality ◽  
Health Related

There is concern regarding the possible health effects of cellular telephone use. We conducted a systematic review of studies of controlled exposure to radiofrequency radiation with health-related outcomes (electroencephalogram, cognitive or cardiovascular function, hormone levels, symptoms, and subjective well-being). We searched Embase, Medline, and a specialist database in February 2005 and scrutinized reference lists from relevant publications. Data on the source of funding, study design, methodologic quality, and other study characteristics were extracted. The primary outcome was the reporting of at least one statistically significant association between the exposure and a health-related outcome. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models. Of 59 studies, 12 (20%) were funded exclusively by the telecommunications industry, 11 (19%) were funded by public agencies or charities, 14 (24%) had mixed funding (including industry), and in 22 (37%) the source of funding was not reported. Studies funded exclusively by industry reported the largest number of outcomes, but were least likely to report a statistically significant result. The interpretation of results from studies of health effects of radiofrequency radiation should take sponsorship into account.

When research knowledge is unwelcome: studying the health effects of in vitro fertilization

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Hemminki
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Evaluative Research

Objectives: To illustrate the complexity of setting up evaluative research when it is perceived to threaten professional and financial interests. Methods: A case study based on participatory observation of attempts to study the delivery and health consequences of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Two research projects were observed: one used well-baby clinic records and this project was completed; the other project aimed to use national data and record linkage to study the patterns of use of IVF, the IVF success rate, and the health effects on women and on children. This project could not be carried out as planned. The reasons for this were studied. Observations, documents and notes on discussions were analysed. Results: IVF clinicians were not interested in the second project until faced with a concrete request to provide data. Tactics to avoid providing data included asking for more information on the project, transferring the request from one person to another, and arguing against the project. The arguments used and conditions set by different clinics were similar and centred around data confidentiality and authorship of the anticipated research reports. This case illustrated features that occur when health care is evaluated by non-clinicians: quarrels over mandate and ownership; and conflicts between the different research traditions of clinicians and epidemiologists. Conclusions: To facilitate evaluation by outsiders, new norms are needed and outside researchers need institutional back-up. Outside evaluation may need a determined push from health care funders and a cultural change within the clinical community itself.

scholarly journals Uterine Fibroid Torsion during Pregnancy: A Case of Laparotomic Myomectomy at 18 Weeks’ Gestation with Systematic Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annachiara Basso ◽  
Mariana Rita Catalano ◽  
Giuseppe Loverro ◽  
Serena Nocera ◽  
Edoardo Di Naro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Uterine Myomas ◽  
Implantation Rates ◽  
Risk Of Hemorrhage ◽  
In Pregnancy

Uterine myomas are the most common benign growths affecting female reproductive system, occurring in 20–40% of women, whereas the incidence rate in pregnancy is estimated from 0.1 to 3.9%. The lower incidence in pregnancy is due to the association with infertility and low pregnancy rates and implantation rates after in vitro fertilization treatment. Uterine myomas, usually, are asymptomatic during pregnancy. However, occasionally, pedunculated fibroids torsion or other superimposed complications may cause acute abdominal pain. There are many controversies in performing myomectomy during cesarean section because of the risk of hemorrhage. Nevertheless, the majority of indication arises before labor and delivery due to acute symptoms leading to a discussion regarding the need for intervention during pregnancy. Therefore, we present a case of successful multiple laparotomic myomectomy at 17 + 2 weeks of gestational age and a systematic review of the literature in order to clarify the approach to this pathologic condition and its effect on pregnancy outcome.

scholarly journals Are digital interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy effective? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ellen Griffiths ◽  
Joanne Parsons ◽  
Felix Naughton ◽  
Emily Anne Fulton ◽  
Ildiko Tombor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for COVID-19: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonal Singh ◽  
Thomas J Moore
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Treatment Benefits ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

BACKGROUND: Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are widely used to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients primarily based on antiviral activity in in vitro studies. Our objective was to systematically evaluate their efficacy and safety in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We systematically reviewed PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Medrxviv for studies of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 hospitalized patients on April 26, 2020. We evaluated the quality of trials and observational studies using the Jadad criteria and Newcastle Ottawa Scale, respectively. RESULTS: After a review of 175 citations, we included 5 clinical trials (total of 345 patients), 9 observational studies (n = 2529), and 6 additional studies (n = 775) reporting on the QT interval. Three studies reported treatment benefits including two studies reporting benefit on virologic outcomes, which was statistically significant in one study, and another reported significant improvement on cough symptoms. Three studies reported that treatment was potentially harmful, including an significantly increased risk of mortality in two studies and increased need for respiratory support in another. Eight studies were unable to detect improvements on virologic outcomes (n = 3) or pneumonia or transfer to ICU/death (n = 5). The proportion of participants with critical QTc intervals of ≥ 500 ms or an increase of ≥ 60 ms from baseline ranged from 8.3% to 36% (n = 8). One clinical trial and six observational studies were of good quality. The remaining studies were of poor quality. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review of reported clinical studies did not identify substantial evidence to support the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and raises questions about potential harm from QT prolongation and increased mortality.

scholarly journals The association of maternal-fetal attachment with smoking and smoking cessation during pregnancy in The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Jussila ◽  
Juho Pelto ◽  
Riikka Korja ◽  
Eeva Ekholm ◽  
Marjukka Pajulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
Smoking In Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Fetal Attachment ◽  
Fetal Attachment ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Smoking in pregnancy constitutes a preventable risk factor for fetal/child development and maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) seems to contain a momentum that can break the chain of adverse outcomes by promoting maternal prenatal health practices. This study aimed to explore the association of MFA with smoking at any time during pregnancy and smoking cessation in early pregnancy, and the modifying role of MFA on the expected effects of education and prenatal psychological distress (PPD) on prenatal smoking behavior. Methods The pregnant women (n = 3766) participated in the The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study in Finland between December 2011 and April 2015. The binary outcomes, smoking at any time during pregnancy and smoking cessation in early pregnancy, were obtained from self-reports at gestational weeks (gwks) 14 and 34 and The Finnish Medical Birth Register. MFA was assessed with the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS) at gwks 24 and 34. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between MFA and maternal prenatal smoking behavior. Findings The prevalence of smoking was 16.5%, and 58.1% of the smokers quit smoking during pregnancy. The independent associations of total MFA scores with prenatal smoking behavior were not established (aOR = 1.00-1.02, multiplicity adjusted p > 0.05). A higher score in the altruistic subscale of MFA, Giving of self, associated with a higher probability of smoking cessation (24 gwks: aOR = 1.13, 95% CI [1.04, 1.24], p = 0.007, multiplicity adjusted p = 0.062; 34 gwks: aOR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.07, 1.29], p < 0.001, multiplicity adjusted p = 0.008). The modifying effect of MFA on the observed associations between PPD and smoking in pregnancy and between maternal education and smoking in pregnancy / smoking cessation in early pregnancy was not demonstrated. Conclusions The altruistic dimension of maternal-fetal attachment associates with an increased probability of smoking cessation during pregnancy and therefore strengthening altruistic maternal-fetal attachment may constitute a promising novel approach for interventions aiming at promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Mobile Phone–Based Behavioral Interventions in Pregnancy to Promote Maternal and Fetal Health in High-Income Countries: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasmeen Hussain ◽  
Patricia Smith ◽  
Lynn M Yee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
High Income ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
In Pregnancy

BACKGROUND Chronic diseases have recently had an increasing effect on maternal-fetal health, especially in high-income countries. However, there remains a lack of discussion regarding health management with technological approaches, including mobile health (mHealth) interventions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically evaluate mHealth interventions used in pregnancy in high-income countries and their effects on maternal health behaviors and maternal-fetal health outcomes. METHODS This systematic review identified studies published between January 1, 2000, and November 30, 2018, in MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and gray literature. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they included only pregnant women in high-income countries and evaluated stand-alone mobile phone interventions intended to promote healthy maternal beliefs, behaviors, and/or maternal-fetal health outcomes. Two researchers independently reviewed and categorized aspects of full-text articles, including source, study design, intervention and control, duration, participant age, attrition rate, main outcomes, and risk of bias. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed, and the study was registered in PROSPERO before initiation. RESULTS Of the 2225 records examined, 28 studies were included and categorized into 4 themes: (1) gestational weight gain, obesity and physical activity (n=9); (2) smoking cessation (n=9); (3) influenza vaccination (n=2); and (4) general prenatal health, preventive strategies, and miscellaneous topics (n=8). Reported sample sizes ranged from 16 to 5243 with a median of 91. Most studies were performed in the United States (18/28, 64%) and were randomized controlled trials (21/28, 75%). All participants in the included studies were pregnant at the time of study initiation. Overall, 14% (4/28) of studies showed association between intervention use and improved health outcomes; all 4 studies focused on healthy gestational weight. Among those, 3 studies showed intervention use was associated with less overall gestational weight gain. These 3 studies involved interventions with text messaging or an app in combination with another communication strategy (Facebook or email). Regarding smoking cessation, influenza vaccination, and miscellaneous topics, there was some evidence of positive effects on health behaviors and beliefs, but very limited correlation with improved health outcomes. Data and interventions were heterogeneous, precluding a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS In high-income countries, utilization of mobile phone–based health behavior interventions in pregnancy demonstrates some correlation with positive beliefs, behaviors, and health outcomes. More effective interventions are multimodal in terms of features and tend to focus on healthy gestational weight gain.

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