scholarly journals Longitudinal Analysis of Associations Between Reasons for Electronic Cigarette Use and Change in Smoking Status Among Adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K Soule ◽  
Andrew D Plunk ◽  
Paul T Harrell ◽  
Rashelle B Hayes ◽  
Kathryn C Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Former Smokers

Abstract Introduction Electronic cigarette (ECIG) use and changes in cigarette smoking status may be influenced by self-reported reasons for using ECIGs. Methods We analyzed adult current and former cigarette smokers who were also current or former ECIG users at wave 1 (n = 3044) using wave 1 and wave 2 Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study data (2013–2015). Prevalence of reporting 13 reasons for ECIG use at wave 1 was examined and weighted logistic regressions were conducted predicting smoking status changes from wave 1 to wave 2. Results Reasons for ECIG use ranged from 18.1% (people in the media or public figures use them) to 82.5% (they might be less harmful to people around me than cigarettes). From wave 1 to wave 2, 27.2% of former smokers (n = 249) became current smokers and 11.6% of current smokers (n = 246) became former smokers. Among wave 1 former smokers, using ECIGs because of the availability of flavors (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39–0.85) or because they don’t smell (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42–0.97) was associated with lower odds of relapse to smoking, but using ECIGs because using them helps people quit smoking (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.01–2.38) was associated with greater odds of relapse. Among wave 1 current smokers, using ECIGs because they can be used where smoking is not allowed (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.38–0.85) was associated with reduced odds of quitting cigarettes. Conclusions Some reasons for ECIG use are associated with changes in self-reported smoking status. Researchers should examine ECIG user characteristics when assessing associations between ECIG use and smoking status transitions. Implications Given that certain reasons for ECIG use, such as using ECIGs in locations are where smoking is not allowed, may inhibit smoking reduction, policies may be developed to prevent ECIG use in locations where smoking is banned. In addition, because certain reasons for ECIG use may aid in relapse prevention, such as availability of desired flavors, efforts should be made to identify ECIG device characteristics that are appealing to smokers but not youth or nontobacco users. These results provide support for future research on reasons for ECIG use to inform regulatory policies.

scholarly journals Changes in Cigarettes per Day and Biomarkers of Exposure Among US Adult Smokers in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Waves 1 and 2 (2013–2015)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1780-1787
Author(s):  
Brian L Rostron ◽  
Catherine G Corey ◽  
Joanne T Chang ◽  
Dana M van Bemmel ◽  
Mollie E Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Biomarker Of Exposure ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
The Us

Abstract Introduction Some studies have found some reduction in tobacco exposure and tobacco-related disease risk with decreased numbers of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), but biomarker of exposure estimates by change in CPD are generally unavailable for the US population. Methods We analyzed biomarker of exposure data by smoking status from over 1100 adult exclusive daily cigarette smokers in Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study who were either exclusive daily smokers or had quit tobacco use entirely at Wave 2. Wave 1 smoking categories consisted of “very light” (1–4 CPD), “light” (5–9 CPD), “moderate” (10–19 CPD), and “heavy” (20+ CPD), and Wave 2 categories were “quitters” (stopped smoking entirely), exclusive cigarette “reducers” (CPD decreased ≥ 50%), “maintainers” (CPD within 50%–150% of Wave 1 value), and “increasers” (CPD increased ≥ 50%). Results Complete quitters had significantly lower levels of TNE-2, NNAL, NNN, 2-Fluorene, HPMA, CYMA, and MHB3 at Wave 2 for all Wave 1 CPD categories, and decreases were often large. Moderate “reducers” had lower levels of NNAL and 1-Hydroxypyrene at Wave 2, and heavy “reducers” had lower levels of NNAL, 2-Fluorene, and MHB3. Light “increasers” had higher levels of TNE-2, NNAL, 2-Fluorene, CYMA, and cadmium at Wave 2, and heavy “increasers” had higher levels of NNAL and HPMA. Conclusions Smoking “reducers” and “increasers” had changes in some biomarker of tobacco exposure levels, but reductions were much greater and more consistent for complete quitters. Implications PATH longitudinal cohort study data show that some exclusive daily cigarette smokers increase or decrease CPD over time. These differences may result in moderate changes in the levels of some biomarkers such as NNAL. Even so, however, reductions in biomarker levels are much greater with complete smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Perception of the relative harm of electronic cigarettes compared to cigarettes amongst US adults from 2013 to 2016: analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Layla Malt ◽  
Thomas Verron ◽  
Xavier Cahours ◽  
Mengran Guo ◽  
Sarah Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been characterised as significantly less harmful than cigarettes by many health agencies and regulators globally. In this study, we examined to what extent perceived relative harms of e-cigarettes compared to cigarettes have changed in the USA. Methods We analysed the data from the longitudinal and nationally representative, Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study to assess the relative perceived harm of e-cigarettes amongst US adults between 2013 and 2016. Results The proportion of US adults who correctly perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than cigarettes decreased each year from 41.1% (CI 40.1–42.1%) in 2013–2014, 31.5% (CI 30.8–32.2%) in 2014–2015 and 25.3% (CI 24.6–26.0%) in 2015–2016. Concurrently, the proportion of US adults who perceived e-cigarettes as equally, or more, harmful than cigarettes increased from 53.7% (CI 52.3–55.1%), 64.9% (CI 63.6–66.2%) to 72.7% (CI 71.5–73.9%) respectively. The proportion of US adults who held negative relative harm perceptions of e-cigarettes increased regardless of current smoking or vaping status by 24.6% and 29.6% respectively within 3 years. In Wave 3, the proportion of current smokers who perceived the relative harm of e-cigarettes as less harmful was lower at 29.3% (CI 28.2–30.4%) compared to current e-cigarette users at 43.5% (CI 40.3–46.7%). Former smokers who used e-cigarettes and believed that they were equally, or more, harmful than cigarettes in 2014–2015 had significantly higher rates of smoking relapse in the following year, 29% and 37% (p < 2.2e−16), respectively, compared to those with positive relative harm perceptions who reported relapse rates of 19%. Conclusions In this study, the proportion of US adults who incorrectly perceived e-cigarettes as equal to, or more, harmful than cigarettes increased steadily regardless of smoking or vaping status. Current adult smokers appear to be poorly informed about the relative risks of e-cigarettes yet have potentially the most to gain from transitioning to these products. The findings of this study emphasise the urgent need to accurately communicate the reduced relative risk of e-cigarettes compared to continued cigarette smoking and clearly differentiate absolute and relative harms. Further research is required to elucidate why the relative harm of e-cigarettes is misunderstood and continues to deteriorate.

Association of device type, flavours and vaping behaviour with tobacco product transitions among adult electronic cigarette users in the USA

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055999
Author(s):  
Alyssa F Harlow ◽  
Jessica L Fetterman ◽  
Craig S Ross ◽  
Rose Marie Robertson ◽  
Aruni Bhatnagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Former Smokers

BackgroundFew studies assess whether electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) device characteristics or flavours impact longitudinal patterns of cigarette and e-cigarette use.DesignWe examined data from waves 2–4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2014–2018). Among adult (≥18 years) current e-cigarette users at wave 2 who were current smokers (dual users; n=1759) and former smokers (exclusive e-cigarette users; n=470), we classified participants into four use patterns at wave 3 (~12 months later) and wave 4 (~24 months later): (1) dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes; (2) exclusive cigarette smoking; (3) exclusive e-cigarette use; (4) non-use of both products. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess correlates of changing use patterns at 24 months, relative to no change, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.ResultsAt 24 months, 26.5% of baseline exclusive e-cigarette users, and 9% of baseline dual users, abstained from both vaping and smoking. Participants who vaped non-tobacco flavours (vs tobacco flavours), and used refillable tank or modifiable devices (vs disposable, cartridges and other devices) were less likely to transition to non-use of both products and to exclusive cigarette smoking. Baseline daily vaping (vs non-daily) was positively associated with exclusive e-cigarette use at 24 months for baseline daily cigarette smokers, but negatively associated with exclusive e-cigarette use and non-use of both products at 24 months for baseline non-daily smokers.ConclusionsNon-tobacco flavours, daily vaping and modifiable e-cigarette devices may help some smokers abstain from cigarette smoking via transitioning to exclusive e-cigarette use, but are also associated with ongoing exclusive e-cigarette use.

scholarly journals Receipt of tobacco direct mail/email discount coupons and trajectories of cigarette smoking behaviours in a nationally representative longitudinal cohort of US adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Choi ◽  
Julia Cen Chen ◽  
Andy S L Tan ◽  
Samir Soneji ◽  
Meghan B Moran
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Direct Mail ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Smoking Behaviours

BackgroundWe assessed whether receipt of coupons—via direct mail or e-mail—was prospectively related to trajectories of smoking behaviours.MethodsData were from a cohort of US adults (n=26 447) who participated in wave 1 (2013–2014) and wave 2 (2014–2015) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Participants reported receipt of tobacco direct mail/email coupons in the past 6 months in wave 1 and their smoking status in both waves. Weighted multiple logistic regressions were used to examine demographic correlates of receiving tobacco direct mail/email coupons at wave 1 and to examine the prospective effect of receiving tobacco coupons on trajectories of smoking behaviours.FindingsAt wave 1, 10.7% of never smokers, 13.9% of experimental smokers, 37.1% of current smokers and 16.5% of former smokers reported receiving tobacco direct mail/email coupons. Lower education and higher poverty adults and non-Hispanic white current smokers were more likely to have received these coupons (p<0.05). Receiving tobacco direct mail/email coupons at wave 1 was associated with increased odds of smoking initiation among never smokers (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.28, 95% CI 1.36 to 3.83), becoming established smokers among experimenters (AOR=1.62, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.04), becoming daily smokers among non-daily smokers (AOR=1.56, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.99) and smoking relapse among former smokers between waves (AOR=1.91, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.65). Receiving these coupons at wave 1 was associated with reduced odds of smoking cessation ≥6 months among current smokers (AOR=0.71, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.88).ConclusionsTobacco direct mail/email coupons encourage and sustain smoking and disproportionately affect lower socioeconomic populations.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking Is Related to Endothelial Dysfunction of Resistance, but Not Conduit Arteries in the General Population—Results From the Gutenberg Health Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Hahad ◽  
Natalie Arnold ◽  
Jürgen H. Prochaska ◽  
Marina Panova-Noeva ◽  
Andreas Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Gutenberg Health Study ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Former Smokers

Aims: Cigarette smoking is one of the most complex and least understood cardiovascular risk factors. Importantly, differences in the tobacco-related pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, an early event in atherogenesis, between circulatory beds remain elusive. Therefore, this study evaluated how smoking impacts endothelial function of conduit and resistance arteries in a large population-based cohort.Methods and results: 15,010 participants (aged 35–74 years) of the Gutenberg Health Study were examined at baseline from 2007 to 2012. Smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking were assessed by a computer-assisted interview. Endothelial function of conduit and resistance arteries was determined by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, reactive hyperemia index (RHI) using peripheral arterial tonometry, as well as by reflection index (RI) derived from digital photoplethysmography, respectively. Among all subjects, 45.8% had never smoked, 34.7% were former smokers, and 19.4% were current smokers. Mean cumulative smoking exposure was 22.1 ± 18.1 pack-years in current smokers and mean years since quitting was 18.9 ± 12.7 in former smokers. In multivariable linear regression models adjusted for typical confounders, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking were independently associated with RHI and RI, while no association was found for FMD. Overall, no clear dose-dependent associations were observed between variables, whereby higher exposure tended to be associated with pronounced resistance artery endothelial dysfunction.Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is associated with altered endothelial function of resistance, but not conduit arteries. The present results suggest that smoking-induced endothelial dysfunction in different circulatory beds may exhibit a differential picture.

scholarly journals Association of smoking and electronic cigarette use with wheezing and related respiratory symptoms in adults: cross-sectional results from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, wave 2

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Isaac K Sundar ◽  
Scott McIntosh ◽  
Deborah J Ossip ◽  
Maciej Lukasz Goniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cross

BackgroundWheezing is a symptom of potential respiratory disease and known to be associated with smoking. Electronic cigarette use (‘vaping’) has increased exponentially in recent years. This study examined the cross-sectional association of vaping with wheezing and related respiratory symptoms and compare this association with smokers and dual users.MethodsThe Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study wave 2 data collected from October 2014 to October 2015 with 28 171 adults were used. The cross-sectional association of vaping with self-reported wheezing and related respiratory symptoms relative to smokers and dual users of tobacco and electronic cigarettes were studied using multivariable logistic and cumulative logistic regression models with consideration of complex sampling design.ResultsAmong the 28 171 adult participants, 641 (1.2%) were current vapers who used e-cigarettes exclusively, 8525 (16.6%) were current exclusive smokers, 1106 (2.0%) were dual users and 17 899 (80.2%) were non-users. Compared with non-users, risks of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms were significantly increased in current vapers (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.67, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.15). Current vapers had significantly lower risk in wheezing and related respiratory symptoms compared with current smokers (aOR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.87). No significant differences were found between dual users and current smokers in risk of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms (aOR=1.06, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.24).ConclusionsVaping was associated with increased risk of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms. Current vapers had lower risk in wheezing and related respiratory symptoms than current smokers or dual users but higher than non-users. Both dual use and smoking significantly increased the risk of wheezing and related respiratory symptoms.

scholarly journals Use and perceptions of electronic cigarette by the adult population in France in 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Quatremère ◽  
A Pasquereau ◽  
R Guignard ◽  
R Andler ◽  
J B Richard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Former Smokers

Abstract Background E-cigarette (EC) use is controversial because its benefit-risk ratio is still unclear. Since its introduction on the French market at the beginning of the 2010’s, French health authorities have published cautious recommendations. The study aims at describing uses and perceptions about EC among the adult population. Methods Santé Publique France’s Health Barometer, the French national public health agency, is a cross-sectional random survey conducted annually by phone, on a representative sample of the population aged 18-75 y/o in Mainland France. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were performed to analyze data collected from the 25,319 respondents of the 2017 edition. Results In 2017 in Mainland France, 3.8% of the population used an EC, 2.7% on a daily basis. Among EC daily users, 60.4% were men, 57.9% had a bachelor degree or higher qualifications. Less than 1% of EC users were never-smokers, 50.3% were daily or occasional smokers, 49.5% were former smokers. The number of daily ex-smokers who did quit smoking ( &gt; = 6 months) and believed that vaping has helped them to, was estimated to be 700,000 since EC has been available in France. EC was perceived as equally or more harmful than regular cigarette by half of the population (51.5%), a proportion that has increased since 2014 (43.4%). Daily smokers perceived EC as more harmful, while being an EC user from high socioeconomic status was associated with the perception that EC is less harmful. The bans on EC in places where smoking is prohibited and on sales of EC to minors (&lt;18 y/o) were appreciated by 66.9% and 77.5%, respectively. Conclusions These results show that in France, EC is strongly related to current or past smoking habits. A significant number of ex-smokers believe that EC has helped them quit smoking. Sociodemographic differences in the perception of EC harmfulness suggest social inequalities in access to information. Key messages Electronic cigarette users in France are few and most of them are smokers or former smokers. The perception of electronic cigarettes harmfulness depends on sociodemographic and smoking status.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document