Smoking Across the Menopausal Transition in a 10-Year Longitudinal Sample: The Role of Sex Hormones and Depressive Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Current cigarette smoking rates among older women remain problematic, especially given that this population experiences increased smoking-related health consequences. Despite these increased health concerns, little research to date has explored smoking patterns across the menopausal transition (pre-, early-peri-, late-peri-, and postmenopausal) or the effect of unique factors such as sex hormones and depression during this transition. Methods This study used 10 yearly waves of data from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, a longitudinal dataset. Data included 1397 women endorsing ever smoking regularly at baseline. Random-effects logistic regression models were used to examine smoking transitions. Results Although there were no associations between menopausal transition stage and smoking behavior, increased estradiol was associated with an increased likelihood of quitting regular smoking (eg, transitioning from regular smoking to non-regular or no smoking; odds ratio [OR] = 1.28), whereas increased testosterone was associated with an increased likelihood of relapsing to regular smoking (eg, transitioning from former or nonregular smoking to regular smoking OR = 2.56). Depression was associated with increased likelihood of continued smoking (OR = 0.97) and relapse (OR = 1.03). Conclusions The results emphasize the need to develop interventions to target initiated or continued smoking among women across the menopausal transition and specifically highlight the importance of developing treatments that target depressive symptoms in this population. In addition, although singular hormone measures were associated with smoking behavior, there is a need for future study of dynamic changes in hormones, as well as the impact of progesterone on smoking behaviors across the menopausal transition. Implications To date, no studies have examined smoking behaviors across the menopausal transition. In this study, although menopausal transition status was not significantly related to transitions in smoking behavior, important relationships between sex hormones and depression were observed. Increased estradiol was associated with an increased likelihood of quitting regular smoking, whereas increased testosterone was associated with an increased likelihood of relapsing to regular smoking behavior. Higher depression scores were related to continued smoking and relapse to regular smoking behavior. These results highlight the need to develop interventions to target smoking cessation among women across the menopausal transition.

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Cigarette and E-Cigarettes Dual Users, Exclusive Users and COVID-19: Findings from Four UK Birth Cohort Studies

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18083935 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 3935

Author(s):

Daniel Tzu-Hsuan Chen ◽

Christina N. Kyriakos

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Dual Use ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Use Patterns ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Current Cigarette ◽

Smoking Patterns ◽

User Groups

Introduction: The relationship between current cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) dual use, exclusive use and COVID-19-related measures are still unclear. This study aims to assess the association between different tobacco use patterns and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms, testing, self-reported infection and social distancing behaviors in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: Data come from the first wave of the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS) COVID-19 survey, comprising four birth cohorts (N = 13,077, aged 20–63 years) surveyed between 2 to 31 May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19-related outcomes (symptoms, testing, diagnosis and social distancing behaviors) were compared across different product user groups (non-users, exclusive cigarette users, exclusive e-cigarettes users and dual use) using Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel χ2 test. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore associations between COVID-19-related outcomes and different smoking patterns. Results: Across all four cohorts, 12.6% and 4.9% of the respondents were current exclusive cigarette and e-cigarette users, respectively, with approximately 3% of the respondents being dual users. Significant differences in prevalence were observed between different tobacco use patterns and COVID-19 symptoms (p = 0.02), self-reported infection (p = 0.04) and social distancing behaviors (p < 0.001). Current cigarette and e-cigarette dual use was associated with 2.15-fold higher odds for reporting COVID-19 infection (aOR = 2.15; CI [1.15–4.05]). Compliance of social distancing behaviors were the lowest for current dual users (aOR = 0.58; CI [0.41–0.83]) and exclusive cigarette users (aOR = 0.72; CI [0.63–0.92]). Conclusions: The findings highlight dual users’ higher prevalence of having COVID-19 symptoms, infection and incompliance of social distancing behaviors. Self-reported infection was associated with dual product use; dual users and exclusive cigarette users were linked to poor adherence to social distancing behaviors. Smoking cessation support and further monitoring on multiple tobacco use among these populations should be reinforced as preventive measures to tackle the pandemic.

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Comparing the Characteristics of Cigarette Smoking and e-Cigarette and IQOS Use among Adolescents in Taiwan

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/7391587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yue-Chune Lee ◽

Li-Chuan Chang ◽

Chieh Hsu ◽

Pei-Ching Chen

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Educational Level ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Current Cigarette Smoking ◽

Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Current Cigarette

Objectives. Our objective in this study was to identify the risk factors for cigarette, e-cigarette, and IQOS use among adolescents in Taiwan, with a particular focus on socioeconomic status, smoking status of parents and peers, cigarette promotions, and anti-tobacco campaigns. Methods. Data were obtained from the 2018 version of the annual cross-sectional Taiwan Global Youth Tobacco Survey, which is used to monitor tobacco use among Taiwanese adolescents in junior and senior high schools. The dependent variables in the study were “current cigarette smoking,” “current use of e-cigarettes,” and “current use of IQOS devices” (i.e., during the 30 days prior to survey completion). Independent variables included gender, school grade, monthly income/allowance, educational level of parents, smoking status of parents, smoking status of close friends, access to free cigarettes, exposure to cigarette advertisements, and attendance at anti-tobacco courses. Logistic regression was used in the identification of factors correlated with the current use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or IQOS. Results. We determined that 5.65% of the adolescents in the study were currently using cigarettes, 2.74% were currently using e-cigarettes, and 2.33% were currently using IQOS. Our analysis revealed a number of factors that have a bearing on smoking behavior, including gender, monthly allowance, educational level of parents, smoking status of parents and close friends, access to free cigarettes, and exposure to cigarette advertisements. Conclusions. The tobacco product that was most widely used by adolescents was cigarettes, followed by e-cigarettes and IQOS. The socioeconomic status, smoking status of parents/close friends, and access to cigarettes were all identified as important factors related to the current use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and IQOS by adolescents.

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Reconciling Human Smoking Behavior and Machine Smoking Patterns: Implications for Understanding Smoking Behavior and the Impact on Laboratory Studies

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention ◽

10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-1014 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 3305-3320 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Catalin Marian ◽

Richard J. O'Connor ◽

Mirjana V. Djordjevic ◽

Vaughan W. Rees ◽

Dorothy K. Hatsukami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Behavior ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Smoking Patterns ◽

The Impact

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Country and gender differences in the association between violence and cigarette smoking among youth

Conflict and Health ◽

10.1186/s13031-020-00332-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh ◽

Ethel Alderete ◽

Abdullatif Husseini ◽

Jennifer Livaudais-Toman ◽

Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Exposure To Violence ◽

Smoking Prevention ◽

Current Cigarette Smoking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Current Cigarette ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Exposure to violence in youth may be associated with substance use and other adverse health effects. This study examined cigarette smoking in two middle-income areas with different levels and types of exposure to violence. Methods Association of exposure to verbal and physical violence with cigarette smoking in the West Bank oPt (2008) and in Jujuy Argentina (2006) was examined using cross-sectional surveys of 14 to 17-year old youth in 7th to 10th grade using probabilistic sampling. Results Violence exposure rates were more than double for Palestinian girls (99.6% vs. 41.2%) and boys (98.7% vs. 41.1%) compared with Argentinians. The rate of current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among Argentinian girls compared with Palestinian girls (33.1% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001). Exposure to verbal violence from family and to physical violence increased the odds of current cigarette smoking, respectively, among Argentinian girls (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.0–1.7; aOR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.7–3.8), Palestinian girls (aOR 2.2, 95%CI = 1.1–2.4; aOR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.1–3.6) and Argentinian boys (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.1–2.0; aOR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.6–3.0), but not among Palestinian boys. Conclusion Findings highlight the importance of producing context and gender specific evidence from exposure to violence, to inform and increase the impact of targeted smoking prevention strategies.

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The Smoking Mind: A Psycho-Cognitive Perspective

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.1515/cttr-2017-0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 33-41

Author(s):

Marianna Masiero ◽

Chiara Renzi ◽

Gabriella Pravettoni

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Smoking Initiation ◽

Cognitive Mechanisms ◽

Cognitive Components ◽

Risk Judgment ◽

Tobacco Cigarette ◽

Smoking Behaviors ◽

The Impact

Summary Smoking behavior involves not only a biological addiction, but also psycho-cognitive components. This runs from smoking initiation, through to maintaining, attempts at quitting, and relapse. This perspective is an important element in studying and intervening in smoking behaviors. The main aim of this narrative review is to explore tobacco cigarette smoking behavior, considering the pivotal role of cognitive mechanisms embedded in decision-making and in risk judgment, with particular attention to the so-called Optimistic Bias (OB). The mechanisms through which this fallacy supports smoking initiation and continuance are explored, considering the transition from young to adult smokers and the case of light and intermittent smokers. Furthermore, additional cognitive mechanisms associated with the OB, which sustain smoking behavior and prevent the efficacy of smoking cessation, are described. Finally, a stimulus for reflection and for discussion about how the impact of the cognitive bias perspective in tobacco cigarette smoking is provided, focusing on how it could support tailored interventions, both in smoking initiation prevention in adolescents and young adults, as well as in smoking cessation in high-risk categories.

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Prevalence of cigarette smoking and its predictors among school going adolescents of North India

South Asian Journal of Cancer ◽

10.4103/2278-330x.142946 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 03 (04) ◽

pp. 193-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Durgesh Thakur ◽

Anmol Gupta ◽

Anita Thakur ◽

Salig Ram Mazta ◽

Deepak Sharma

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Free Time ◽

North India ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Current Cigarette Smoking ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Current Cigarette

Abstract Background: Cigarettes smoking is a common mode of consuming tobacco in India. This habit usually starts in adolescence and tracks across the life course. Interventions like building decision making skills and resisting negative influences are effective in reducing the initiation and level of tobacco use. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of adolescent current cigarette smoking behavior and to investigate the individual and social factors, which influence them both to and not to smoke. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among school going adolescents in Shimla town of North India. After obtaining their written informed consent, a questionnaire was administered. Results: The overall prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 11.8%. The binary logistic regression model revealed that parents′ and peers′ smoking behavior influence adolescent smoking behavior. Individual self-harm tendency also significantly predicted cigarette smoking behavior. Parental active participation in keeping a track of their children′s free time activities predicted to protect adolescents from taking this habit. Conclusion: Our research lends support to the need for intervention on restricting adolescents from taking up this habit and becoming another tobacco industries′ addicted customer. Parents who smoke should quit this habit, which will not only restore their own health, but also protect their children. All parents should be counseled to carefully observe their children′s free time activities.

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Lifetime Subthreshold Mania is Related to Suicidality in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900025426 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 262-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Liliana Dell'Osso ◽

Claudia Carmassi ◽

Paola Rucci ◽

Antonio Ciapparelli ◽

Rosemma Paggini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Regression Models ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Mood Symptoms ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Affective Symptoms ◽

Healthy Control ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Although the association between mood disorders, and particularly bipolar disorders, comorbidity and suicidality in posttraumatic (PTSD) patients is well established, less information is available on the impact of subsyndromal mood symptoms. The aim of the present study was, thus, to explore the frequency and relationship between subthreshold mood symptoms, assessed by a specific and validated questionnaire, and suicidality in PTSD patients.Method: Sixty-five PTSD outpatients without bipolar disorders and 65 healthy control subjects were asked to complete the Mood Spectrum-SR-Lifetime Version (MOODS-SR), a questionnaire exploring the presence of subthreshold affective symptoms. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationships between suicidality, explored by six items of the MOODS-SR combined and dichotomized to denote the presence or absence of suicidal ideations/plans and/or attempts, and the number of manic/hypomanic or depressive symptoms.Results: Statistically significant and positive associations were found between the presence of manic/hypomanic and depressive symptoms and the likelihood of suicidal ideation or attempts.Conclusion: Besides depressive, even subthreshold manic/hypomanic features seem to be associated with higher suicidality in PTSD patients.

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How Does Acculturation Influence Smoking Behavior Among Latinos? The Role of Education and National Background

Ethnicity & Disease ◽

10.18865/ed.29.2.227 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 227-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Erik J. Rodriquez ◽

Alicia Fernández ◽

Jennifer C. Livaudais-Toman ◽

Eliseo J. Perez-Stable

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Puerto Ricans ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Current Cigarette Smoking ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Current Cigarette ◽

Interview Survey ◽

Acculturation Level ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: As Latinos acculturate, they are assumed to smoke at higher rates. This study investigated the relationship between acculturation level, educational attainment, and cigarette smoking by gender and national background among Latinos.Methods: Data from the 2009-2012 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed and participants included 1,111 Cubans, 813 Dominicans, 13,281 Mexicans, and 2,197 Puerto Ricans. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model acculturation and educational predictors of current smoking, stratified by gender and national background. Acculturation level was categorized into less acculturated, bicultural, and more acculturated by combining birthplace and language preference. Current cigarette smoking was defined by self-reported use every day or some days among those who ever smoked at least 100 cigarettes.Results: Most respondents were interviewed in English (62%) and had a high school education or less (60%), but only 39% were US-born. Overall, 17.8% of men and 9.6% of women reported current smoking. By national background, smoking prevalence was highest among Puerto Ricans (16% of women and 23% of men) and lowest among Dominicans (6% of women and 10% of men). More acculturated Mexican women and men had significantly higher odds of current smoking (OR=2.94; 95% CI=2.01, 4.31 and OR=1.88; 95% CI=1.39, 2.55; respectively). Mexican men who were more acculturated and had greater levels of educational attainment had lower odds of smoking (OR=.84; 95% CI=.74, .96).Conclusions: The relationship between acculturation and health behaviors among Latinos is influenced by education and should be considered by public health and clinician stakeholders when developing or adapting tobacco control strategies. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(2):227-238. doi:10.18865/ ed.29.2.227

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The Impact of COVID-19 on Smoking Patterns in Pakistan: Findings From a Longitudinal Survey of Smokers

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntaa207 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kamran Siddiqi ◽

Faraz Siddiqui ◽

Amina Khan ◽

Saeed Ansaari ◽

Mona Kanaan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Financial Stability ◽

Well Being ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Middle Income ◽

Quit Attempt ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Smoking Behaviors ◽

Smoking Patterns ◽

June July ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction We investigated the influence of COVID-19 on smoking patterns in Pakistan. Methods In a longitudinal survey, we asked cigarette smokers in Pakistan about their smoking behaviors before and since COVID-19. Smokers were recruited before COVID-19 using two-stage random probability sampling. Since COVID-19, three subsequent waves were conducted over the telephone, asking additional questions on social determinants, mental health, and well-being. Based on the first two waves, we estimated the proportion of smokers who stopped, decreased, maintained, or increased smoking. We also explored any factors associated with the change in smoking patterns. In those who stopped smoking soon after COVID-19, we estimated the proportion relapsed in subsequent waves. We estimated all proportions based on complete-case analysis. Results We recruited 6014 smokers between September 2019 and February 2020; of these, 2087 (2062 reported smoking outcomes) were followed up in May 2020 after COVID-19. Since COVID-19, 14% (290/2062) smokers reported quitting. Among those who continued smoking: 68% (1210/1772) reduced, 14% (239/1772) maintained, and 18% (323/1772) increased cigarette consumption; 37% (351/938) reported at least one quit attempt; 41% (669/1619) were more motivated; while 21% (333/1619) were less motivated to quit. Changes in smoking patterns varied with nicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and financial stability since COVID-19. Among those reporting quitting soon after COVID-19, 39% (81/206) relapsed in the subsequent months (June–July 2020). Conclusions There have been significant bidirectional changes in smoking patterns since COVID-19 in Pakistan. Although many people stopped, reduced, or tried quitting smoking, some increased smoking and some relapsed after quitting. Implications We observed significant and complex changes in people’s smoking patterns, which are likely to be attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic and replicated in similar events in the future. Assessing these changes is essential for most low- and middle-income countries like Pakistan, where the vast majority of tobacco users live, but cessation support is still rudimentary. If provided routinely, smoking cessation interventions can potentially support millions of highly motivated individuals in quitting successfully both in general and in global events like COVID-19, in particular.

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