scholarly journals Increasing Quit Attempts by Transitioning to Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes Versus Reducing Number of Cigarettes Per Day: A Secondary Analysis of an Exploratory Randomized Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S81-S87
Author(s):  
Elias M Klemperer ◽  
John R Hughes ◽  
Peter W Callas
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Nicotine Patches ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Per Se

Abstract Introduction The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed reducing nicotine with very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes. In contrast, reducing nicotine by reducing number of cigarettes per day (CPD) is common. Our prior findings demonstrate that VLNC cigarettes decreased dependence more and were more acceptable than reducing CPD. This secondary analysis explored which reduction strategy increased quit attempts (QA), self-efficacy, or intention to quit more. Methods This is a secondary analysis of 68 adult daily smokers not ready to quit randomized to smoke VLNC cigarettes versus reduce CPD over 5 weeks. All participants smoked study cigarettes with nicotine yield similar to most commercial cigarettes ad lib for 1 week (baseline). Participants were then randomized to gradually reduce to 70%, 35%, 15%, and 3% of baseline nicotine over 4 weeks by either (1) transitioning to lower nicotine VLNC cigarettes or (2) reducing the number of full nicotine CPD. All participants received nicotine patches to aid reduction. We assessed (1) QAs using nightly and weekly self-reports, (2) Velicer’s Self-Efficacy to Quit measure weekly, and (3) the Intention-to-Quit Ladder nightly. Results More CPD (41%) than VLNC (17%) participants made any QA (odds ratio = 3.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 10.5). There was no difference in QAs ≥24 h. Self-efficacy increased for VLNC but not CPD participants (interaction: F = 3.7, p < .01). The condition by time interaction for intention-to-quit was not significant. Conclusions Reducing number of CPD increased QAs more than reducing nicotine via switching to VLNC cigarettes. The lack of difference in longer QAs suggests replication tests are needed. Implications Reducing the frequency of smoking behavior (ie, CPD) could be a more effective strategy to increase QAs than reducing the magnitude of nicotine in each cigarette (ie, VLNC) per se.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Large, Nation-Wide Smoking Abstinence Campaign in the Netherlands: A Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Troelstra ◽  
Janneke Harting ◽  
Anton Kunst
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Habit Strength ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Related Stress

From 2014, the 28-day smoking abstinence campaign ‘Stoptober’ is held in the Netherlands. Each year, more than 50,000 people participate in what has become a nation-wide collective cessation attempt. This study aims to determine the short-term effects of ‘Stoptober’ on participants’ smoking behavior and behavioral determinants. Stoptober participants completed online surveys before the start of the campaign (n = 6856) and three months later (n = 1127). Descriptive statistics and t-tests were performed to determine changes in smoking and behavioral determinants. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify differences between subgroups. After three months, 71.8% of respondents had quit smoking and consumption was reduced among sustained smokers. Cessation rates were similar for subgroups by age, sex and educational level. Cessation was positively associated with confidence and self-efficacy at baseline and negatively associated with past year quit attempts and addiction level at baseline. For quitters, we found favorable changes in attitude towards cessation related stress, social norms, social pressure to smoke, self-efficacy to quit, smoking habit strength and smoker identity. For sustained smokers, we found favorable changes in attitude towards cessation related stress, self-efficacy and smoking habit strength. These results suggest that an abstinence campaign with a wide reach in a national population may be effective in decreasing smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption among a broad range of participants.

Effects of Compassion on Employees' Self-regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Jin Choi ◽  
Sangmin Lee ◽  
Se-Ri No ◽  
Eung Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Workplace Deviance ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dependent Variables

We examined how compassion can alleviate employees' negative emotions, behaviors, and thoughts. On the basis of self-regulatory resources theory, we hypothesized that there would be relationships between the 2 mediating variables of self-esteem and self-efficacy, and the dependent variables of anxiety, burnout, workplace deviance, and intention to quit. We collected data on these variables from 284 nurses, who work in a stressful job that necessitates compassion from colleagues, to test our theoretical model. The results revealed that compassion alleviated negative emotions (anxiety and burnout), behavior (workplace deviance), and thoughts (intention to quit), with both self-esteem and self-efficacy having mediating effects. Thus, we demonstrated the specific path through which compassion can have positive effects on an organization's employees. We discuss the observed relationship between compassion and self-regulation, and theoretical contributions regarding differences between self-esteem and self-efficacy, as well as between anxiety and burnout.

Associations of Age, Gender, and Family Income with Quality of Life in Children With Advanced Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 104345422199232
Author(s):  
Piera C. Robson ◽  
Mary S. Dietrich ◽  
Terrah Foster Akard
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Life Inventory ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Life Inventory

Background: Children with cancer often experience decreased quality of life (QOL) throughout the illness trajectory. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations of demographic characteristics with QOL in children with advanced cancer. Methods: This secondary analysis was part of a larger randomized clinical trial that evaluated the efficacy of a legacy intervention for children (7–17 years) with relapsed/refractory cancer and their primary parent caregivers. Assessments included child self-reports on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Cancer Module. Researchers used descriptive and linear regression statistical methods. Results: Children ( n = 128) averaged 10.9 years (SD = 3.0). The majority were female ( n = 68, 53%), white ( n = 107, 84%), had a hematologic malignancy ( n = 67, 52%), with family incomes of $50,000 or less ( n = 81, 63.3%). Statistically significant positive associations of both age and income level with PedsQL scores were observed ( p < .05) but not gender ( p > .05). The strongest correlations for age were with the procedural anxiety ( beta = 0.42), treatment anxiety ( beta = 0.26), and total ( beta = 0.28) scores (all p < .01). In general, there was a positive correlation between family income levels and PedsQL scores ( p < .05). The strongest correlations for income were with nausea ( R = 0.49), appearance ( R = 0.44), pain, and treatment anxiety (both R = 0.42) (all p < .01). Associations adjusted for age remained essentially the same (all p < .01). Discussion: Children with advanced cancer with lower family income and younger age are at high risk for poorer QOL. Oncology nurses should seek to identify families who may benefit from additional resources to promote QOL.

scholarly journals Smoking while using contraceptives: Risk perception and behavioral intention to quit

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C M Van Der Heijde ◽  
F Hilverda ◽  
P Vonk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Combining smoking with contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol increases the risk at several health issues, such as thrombosis, cardiovascular diseases and pulmonary embolism, especially when women are 35 years or older. It is important to inform women at an early stage and encourage them to quit smoking or change their contraceptive. The aim of this study is twofold. 1) using the Protection Motivation theory, we examine the predictors of the intention to quit smoking or change the currently used contraceptive method. 2) we provide insight into women's preferred ways to be informed and possible facilitators to change their behavior. Methods 68 Women, between 25 and 60 (mean age 30.6, sd 6.6; academic degree 78%), using the combination of smoking and ethinylestradiol containing contraceptives of a General Practice in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, filled in a questionnaire. Predictors were cigarette dependence (cds-5), perceived severity, vulnerability, response efficacy and self-efficacy. Outcome variables: intention to quit smoking or the current contraceptive. Results The average intention to quit smoking was higher (3,26 on a 5-point scale) than the average intention to quit the contraceptive method (2,47 on a 5-point scale). The predictors vulnerability, education level and reason for contraceptive use significantly predicted the intention to quit smoking (F(3, 65) = 40.22, p = .03), while self-efficacy and education level significantly predicted the intention to quit the contraceptive method. (F(2, 66) = 32.36, p =.02) Conclusions Risk perception stimulates women to quit smoking, while perceiving oneself capable of quitting or having alternatives is related to contraceptive change. A second wave of data is collected to enlarge the sample size. We add a qualitative study to get insight into strategies to alter women's behavior. This study will inform risk communicators and health care professionals, ultimately resulting in less women with this combination. Key messages Quitting smoking is potentially popular in a group of women with the risky combination of smoking with contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol. Risk perception stimulates women to quit smoking, while perceiving oneself capable of quitting or having alternatives is related to contraceptive change.

scholarly journals Exclusive Breastfeeding at 6 Weeks Related to Pain Self-Management, Emotion and Self-Efficacy: A Secondary Analysis of a Pilot Randomized Control Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth F Lucas ◽  
Yiming Zhang ◽  
Beth Russell ◽  
Pornpan Srisopa ◽  
Julianna Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Ongoing Pain

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) outcomes can vary by concomitant emotions, ongoing pain, and breastfeeding self-efficacy. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of ongoing pain with breastfeeding, concomitant emotions and breastfeeding self-efficacy scores (BSES) with EBF outcomes at 6 weeks postpartum. Design: A secondary analysis of a randomized pilot trial of a home-based breastfeeding pain self-management (BSM) intervention for 56 mothers (26 BSM, 30 Control). The BSM intervention provided self-management strategies for breastfeeding and breastfeeding pain. Effect modification of EBF and associated symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep, well-being pain severity scores, BSES, and group assignment was assessed using the likelihood ratio test. Results: EBF at 6 weeks controlling for demographic covariates, the group, pain severity, anxiety and sleep were significant predictors. Mothers with every one point increase in their pain severity score and sleep score, had a decrease of 9% (OR = .91, 95%CI = [.79, .98]) and 25% (OR = .75, 95% CI = [.52, .95]) respectively and with a one point increase in the anxiety score, a 58% (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = [1.13, 2.72]) increase in the odds of EBF at week 6. Conclusion: Examinations of EBF at 6 weeks should include evaluation of mothers ongoing pain and emotional distress, as mothers continue breastfeeding even at personal cost. Early identification and validation of breastfeeding challenges, ongoing pain, and emotional distress are needed to bolster mothers confidence in their breastfeeding skills, thus supporting their EBF goals.

scholarly journals Self Efficacy: Performance Accomplishment dan Perilaku Merokok Remaja

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Wiwin Haryati ◽  
Asnawi Abdullah ◽  
Bakhtiar Bakhtiar
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Chi Square Test

Smoking behavior among teenagers has been increasing worldwide, triggering youth morbidity and mortality rates associated with smoking illnesses. Performance accomplishment, source of self-efficacy, has a significant influence on the high proportion of teenage smoking behavior. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between performance accomplishment and teenage smoking behaviors. The study was conducted on April 16 – 23, 2015 in Aceh Province, Indonesia.  Data were collected by disseminating a Likert scale questionnaire, consisting of general perceived self-efficacy, including performance accomplishment.  The population of this study were 4,856 students, with a total sample of 368 students from 13 senior high schools. The study employed an analytic observational research design with the stratified proportional random sampling technique. Bivariate analysis by Chi-square test was applied to examine the data, processed by using SPSS version 20.0. The results indicated that there were significant relationships between self-efficacy and teenage smoking behavior (p=0.0001) and between performance accomplishment and teenage smoking behavior (p=0.0001). This study concluded that performance accomplishment has been strongly associated with the smoking behavior among young adults.

Intention, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Reported Smoking Behavior Measure

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Conner ◽  
Rosemary McEachan ◽  
Cath Jackson ◽  
Brian McMillan ◽  
Mike Woolridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Smoking Behavior
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