scholarly journals E-Cigarette Health Harm Awareness and Discouragement: Implications for Health Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A Rohde ◽  
Seth M Noar ◽  
Jennifer R Mendel ◽  
Marissa G Hall ◽  
Sabeeh A Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Chemical Exposures

Abstract Introduction Evidence for the health harms of e-cigarettes is growing, yet little is known about which harms may be most impactful in health messaging. Our study sought to identify which harms tobacco product users were aware of and which most discouraged them from wanting to vape. Methods Participants were a convenience sample of 1,872 U.S. adult e-cigarette-only users, cigarette-only smokers, and dual users recruited in August 2018. In an online survey, participants evaluated 40 e-cigarette harms from seven categories: chemical exposures, device explosions, addiction, cardiovascular harm, respiratory harm, e-liquid toxicity, and other harms. Outcomes were awareness of the harms (“check all that apply”) and the extent to which the harms discouraged vaping (5-point scale; (1) “not at all” to (5) “very much”). Results Awareness of most e-cigarette harms was modest, being highest for harms in the device explosions category of harms (44%) and lowest for the e-liquid toxicity category (16%). The harms with the highest mean discouragement from wanting to vape were the respiratory harm (M = 3.82) and exposure to chemicals (M = 3.68) categories. Harms in the addiction category were the least discouraging (M = 2.83) compared with other harms (all p < .001). Findings were similar for e-cigarette-only users, cigarette-only smokers, and dual users. Conclusions Addiction was the least motivating e-cigarette harm, a notable finding given that the current FDA e-cigarette health warning communicates only about nicotine addiction. The next generation of e-cigarette health warnings and communication campaigns should highlight other harms, especially respiratory harms and the chemical exposures that may lead to health consequences. Implications E-cigarette health harms related to respiratory effects, chemical exposures, and other health areas most discouraged vaping among tobacco users. In contrast, health harms about addiction least discouraged use. Several countries have begun implementing e-cigarette health warnings, including the United States, and many others are considering adopting similar policies. To increase impact, future warnings and other health communication efforts should communicate about health harms beyond addiction, such as the effects of e-cigarette use on respiratory health. Such efforts should communicate that e-cigarette use is risky and may pose less overall risk to human health than smoking, according to current evidence.

scholarly journals Shared environmental influences on electronic cigarette use among adolescent and young adult females

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Bares ◽  
Catalina Lopez Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Behavioral Genetic

Abstract Introduction Electronic cigarettes are now the most commonly used form of tobacco product among youth in the United States. Current evidence suggests that although e-cigarettes are perceived as less harmful and preferred over combustible cigarettes by adolescents, adolescents who try e-cigarettes are at greater risk of transitioning to combustible cigarettes. The genetic and environmental contributions to liability for e-cigarette use have not yet been examined using a behavioral genetic design. Methods Behavioral genetic models of lifetime and current e-cigarette use and friends who use e-cigarettes were examined among female monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Results A total of 41 female twin pairs (65.9% monozygotic twins; age = 19.7, SD = 1.6) with complete data on the study variables were included in the present analyses. The majority of the sample (68.1%) had at least some friends who use e-cigarettes. Additive genetic effects on e-cigarette use were not present, but the shared environment explained 98.7% of the variance in lifetime e-cigarette use, 96.6% in current e-cigarette use, and 94.9% in affiliation with friends who use e-cigarettes. Conclusion This first study on the behavioral genetics of e-cigarette use among adolescents and young adults suggest that environmental factors shared by twins within a family seem to play a predominant role in the initial stages of e-cigarette use, a finding that is consistent with what has been found for tobacco. The findings emphasize the importance of continuing population-based tobacco control interventions to reduce the burden of e-cigarette use among adolescents.

scholarly journals Testing front-of-package warnings to discourage red meat consumption: a randomized experiment with US meat consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Smith Taillie ◽  
Christina Chauvenet ◽  
Anna H. Grummon ◽  
Marissa G. Hall ◽  
Wilma Waterlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
Message Effectiveness ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Reducing red meat is a strategy to improve public health and mitigate climate change in the United States and other high-income countries. Policies requiring warnings on the front of red meat packages are a promising intervention to shift consumers towards healthier and more sustainable food choices. We aimed to explore participants’ reactions to health and environmental warning messages about red meat. Methods Between June and July 2020, we recruited a national convenience sample of US red meat consumers (n = 1,235; mean age 44 years) for an online survey. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four label conditions: no-label control, health warning, environment warning, and combined health and environment warning (both warnings shown side-by-side). Participants viewed three types of burritos (red meat [steak], chicken, and vegetarian) and selected their preferred item (primary outcome), the item they perceived to be most damaging to health, and the item they perceived to be most damaging to the environment (secondary outcomes). Participants then viewed their assigned warning on a series of other red meat products (no-label control participants were randomly re-assigned to one of the warning conditions) and rated the warnings on perceived message effectiveness, believability, negative emotions, perceived risk, attention, and learning something new. Finally, participants reported their intentions to reduce red meat consumption. Results There were no significant differences in selection of the steak burrito between label conditions or in selection of the item most damaging to the environment. Those exposed to the health warning were more likely to select the steak burrito as most damaging to health compared to those exposed to other label conditions (health 73 %, combined 64 %, environment 60 %, no-label control 63 %, p < 0.05). The combined and health warnings elicited higher perceived message effectiveness ratings than the environment warning (combined mean 2.91, health 2.84, environment 2.61, p < 0.05). Conclusions Warnings did not have a significant effect on item preference in the choice experiment. However, combined and health warnings performed better than the environment warning across a variety of warning label reaction measures. More research will be needed to understand whether warnings elicit behavioral change in real-world environments. Trial registration Analyses and hypotheses were preregistered on https://aspredicted.org/ph7mb.pdf on 23 June 2020.

E-cigarettes use behaviors among heavy users in Japan: An online survey (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihoko Koyama ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi ◽  
Isao Miyashiro
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Device Type ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

BACKGROUND Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has become increasingly widespread throughout the world, including Japan. However, little is known about how e-cigarettes are used in Japan, a country with heavy restrictions on nicotine-containing e-liquids, vaping products. OBJECTIVE This study comprehensively examined e-cigarette use, including e-cigarette use duration, frequency of use, device type, electrical resistance, nicotine use, favorite e-liquid flavors and concurrent use with cigarettes and/or HTPs in Japan. METHODS This study examined the detail of e-cigarette use (e-cigarette use duration, frequency of use, device type, electrical resistance, nicotine use, favorite e-liquid flavors) among users in Japan, through an online survey using a web-based self-reported questionnaire which included questions about sex, age, combustible cigarette and heated tobacco product (HTP) use behaviors. RESULTS Of 4,689 e-cigarettes users analyzed, 93.5% were men and 52.9% had been using e-cigarettes for 1-3 years. Over 80% used e-cigarettes every day; 62.4% used nicotine liquid, and half of the nicotine liquid users used nicotine salt. The most popular liquid flavor was fruit (prevalence: 68.1%), followed by tobacco (prevalence: 48.4%). While 9.0% were e-cigarette single users, 35.2% were dual users (e-cigarettes and cigarettes or HTPs) and 13.8% were triple user (e-cigarettes, cigarettes and HTPs). CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive survey of Japanese e-cigarette users and our finding suggest more than half use nicotine liquid, although e-cigarettes containing nicotine liquid have been prohibited by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act since 2010 in Japan. The study also showed 49.1% of participants used cigarettes and/or HTPs concurrently (dual or triple users).

scholarly journals Do Young Adults Attend to Health Warnings in the First IQOS Advertisement in the U.S.? An Eye-Tracking Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaying Liu ◽  
Joe Phua ◽  
Dean Krugman ◽  
Linjia Xu ◽  
Glen Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Favorable Attitude ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Health Warnings

Abstract Introduction In October 2019, a heated tobacco product (HTP) IQOS debuted in the United States. This study examined young adults’ attention and cognitions in response to an IQOS ad that carried two mandated textual health warnings (Surgeon General’s warning and nicotine warning), and how their vaping and smoking status may interact with attention patterns to affect attitude and intention to use IQOS. Methods In November 2019, college students (N=164) viewed IQOS’ first U.S. magazine ad and two distractor ads. Viewing patterns were recorded with eye-tracking. Masked recall and aided recognition, attitude and intention towards IQOS use were later assessed with self-report. OLS regressions and moderated mediation analyses examined the associations between visual attention and viewers’ cognitions about IQOS use. Results Promotional content attracted significantly more attention compared to the warnings. Attention to the Surgeon General’s warning but not to the nicotine warning was associated with recall and recognition of the warning’s content. For ever-vapers, greater attention allocation to the promotional content in the IQOS ad was associated with more favorable attitude toward IQOS use, which was in turn positively associated with intention to use IQOS. Attention allocation to the warnings did not affect attitude or intentions, regardless of tobacco use status. Conclusions The results revealed the effects of IQOS promotional content overshadowed the two health warnings in influencing young people’s attitude and intention to use IQOS. Young adults who vaped were more vulnerable to HTP advertising with respect to future use and vaping may be a gateway to HTP use. Implications This is the first eye-tracking study examining attention and cognitions associated with the new IQOS ad exposure among young adults. Promotional content in the ad attracted significantly more attention than the two warnings combined. Attention to the Surgeon General’s warning but not to the nicotine warning was associated with recall and recognition of the warning’s content. Greater attention allocation to the promotional content led to more favorable attitude toward IQOS use which was associated with increased intention to use IQOS for ever vapers. However, greater attention allocation to the warnings did not affect attitude or intentions to use IQOS.

JUUL electronic cigarette use patterns, other tobacco product use, and reasons for use among ever users: Results from a convenience sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor L.S. Leavens ◽  
Elise M. Stevens ◽  
Emma I. Brett ◽  
Emily T. Hébert ◽  
Andrea C. Villanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Reasons For Use

scholarly journals Pulse Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Cooking Experience of Midwestern US University Students

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3499
Author(s):  
Donna M. Winham ◽  
Elizabeth D. Davitt ◽  
Michelle M. Heer ◽  
Mack C. Shelley
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Many American college students fail to meet dietary guideline recommendations for fruits, vegetables, and fiber. Pulses are a subgroup of legumes, harvested solely for dry grain seeds within a pod. Commonly consumed pulses include dry beans, dry peas, lentils, and chickpeas. Pulses are high in shortfall nutrients and could fill some nutritional gaps of college students. However, little is known about pulse intakes among young adults. The study aims were: (1) to identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding pulse consumption; and (2) to describe experiences of preparing dry pulses among college students. A convenience sample of 1433 students aged 18–30 enrolled at a Midwestern university in the United States completed an online survey in April 2020. Demographic and attitude variables were compared by the monthly count of pulse types eaten using chi-square, analysis of variance, and logistic regression modeling to predict pulse type intakes. Higher numbers of pulse types eaten was associated with being White, vegetarian/vegan, higher cooking self-efficacy, positive attitudes toward pulses, and greater daily intake of fruits, vegetables, and fiber. Knowledge and experience of cooking dry pulses was low, with canned pulses purchased more often. College students may not be consuming pulses due to unfamiliarity with them, low knowledge of nutrition benefits, and a general lack of cooking self-efficacy. Increased familiarization and promotion surrounding pulses may increase their consumption.

scholarly journals Homeschoolers’ Vaccination Perception and Rate

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danika Troupe ◽  
Molly Carrol ◽  
Elin McWilliams ◽  
Paige Swift ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Immunization Policy ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
School Population

Background and Purpose: School vaccination laws have played a critical role in ensuring the success of the United States' immunization policy. Recent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in homeschool populations have raised concerns that homeschoolers are under-vaccinated. Little vaccination-related research has been conducted within the homeschool population. To fill the void in the literature, this study explored homeschooling parents' opinions regarding vaccination and examined the vaccination rates of their children in comparison to public/private school population. Methods: A convenience sample of 137 homeschool and public/private school parents in Washington state participated in a 36-question cross-sectional online survey. Results: The homeschooling parents reported significantly lower vaccination rates of their children, lower perceived benefits of vaccination, lower perceived susceptibility to VPDs if unvaccinated, and higher perceived barriers in comparison to the public/private school parents. Overall the participants expressed a preference for less governmental regulation of vaccinations, though homeschooling parents express an even stronger preference for same. Conclusions: Homeschool and public/private school population differed in the vaccination rate and vaccination related opinions. Further research among homeschool population and examination of immunization policy is needed.

scholarly journals Reporting of Concussion-Like Symptoms After Cycling Crashes: A Survey of Competitive and Recreational Cyclists

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Sarah Rice ◽  
Mary Alexis Iaccarino ◽  
Saurabha Bhatnagar ◽  
Greg Robidoux ◽  
Ross Zafonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Competitive Cyclists

Context Cycling crashes are common among recreational and competitive riders and may result in head and bodily trauma. Information is limited regarding the signs and symptoms of head injury (HI) after cycling crashes, medical treatment, and recovery. Objectives To evaluate concussion-like symptom reporting after cycling crashes with or without HI in recreational and competitive cyclists and to assess crash characteristics and follow-up medical care. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Voluntary online survey. Patients or Other Participants A convenience sample of 780 cyclists residing in the United States: 528 males, 249 females, 2 gender queer/nonbinary, and 1 transgender female. Main Outcome Measure(s) Survey-based, self-reported signs and symptoms of HI, including the third edition of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT3) symptom checklist, loss of consciousness, posttraumatic amnesia, and helmet damage. Results Of the participants, 403 reported crashes in the previous 2 years. Cyclists who self-reported no significant injury after their crash were excluded, leaving 77 HI reporters (HI group) and 260 trauma controls (TC group). The HI group more frequently reported experiencing 17 of the 22 symptoms on the SCAT3 symptom checklist. The HI group described a 4-fold higher incidence of loss of consciousness (HI = 13/77 [16.9%] versus TC = 11/2600 [4.2%]) and memory loss immediately after the crash (HI = 44/77 [57.1%] versus TC = 37/260 [14.2%]). The HI group reported major, noncosmetic helmet damage 2.5 times more frequently than the TC group (HI = 49/77 [63.6%] versus TC = 67/260 [25.8%]). Conclusions The findings suggest that a standardized concussion assessment is needed for cyclists who experience major trauma.

Vaping in the Workplace: Awareness and Support for E-cigarette Workplace Policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-289
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Schillo ◽  
Megan C. Diaz ◽  
Jodie Briggs ◽  
Alexa R. Romberg ◽  
Basmah Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Workplace Policies ◽  
Multiple Regression Modeling ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Perceived Harm

Objectives: Clean indoor air policies have been an important tool protecting the health of working adults. The purpose of this study was to examine awareness of and support for e-cigarette-free workplace policies among working adults in the United States. Methods: Employees of companies with at least 150 employees (N = 1607, ages 18-65 years) were recruited from an opt-in national panel for an online survey. Results: Nearly half of respondents (48.4%) reported that their employer had a written policy addressing e-cigarette use, 30.2% reported their employer did not have such a policy, and 21.4% reported that they did not know. Most respondents (73.5%) supported e-cigarette-free workplaces, including the majority of current e-cigarette users (53.5%). Multiple regression modeling found that odds of support for e-cigarette workplace policies was significantly higher among never (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.19-2.64) and former e-cigarette users (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.15-2.54) relative to current users. Policy support also varied by perceived harm and other perceptions of workplace vaping, and demographic and workplace characteristics. Conclusions: E-cigarette-free workplace policies have high levels of support among employees, including both current and former e-cigarette users. Policies restricting workplace vaping can improve the health of all employees.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document