American Indian/Alaska Native Smokers’ Utilization of a Statewide Tobacco Quitline: Engagement and Quitting Behaviors From 2008 to 2018

Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to examine access, engagement, and quitting behaviors of American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) callers to the California Smokers’ Helpline. Telephone counseling is the primary function of the quitline. The overarching theoretical framework for California’s quitline is social cognitive theory, although it also utilizes motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral strategies. Aims and Methods AIAN (n = 16 089) and White (n = 173 425) California quitline callers from 2009 to 2018 were compared on their characteristics, engagement, and quitting behaviors. Quitline callers responded to a telephone survey at intake. A random selection was called for evaluation 7 months later (White n = 8194, AIAN n = 764). Data from the 2009 to 2017 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) were used as a reference point for AIANs (AIAN n = 1373). Results The quitline and CHIS had similar proportions of AIANs (4.6% vs. 4.3%, respectively). AIAN smokers were more likely than White smokers to report physical (53.6% vs. 44.9%) and mental (65.7% vs. 57.8%) health conditions at intake. AIANs were more likely to participate in counseling than White callers (67.1% vs. 65.7%). Among those who received counseling, AIANs had greater odds than White smokers of making a quit attempt (adjusted odds ratio = 1.39 [1.06, 1.81]) and similar odds of quitting for 180 days (adjusted odds ratio = 0.95 [0.69, 1.31]). Conclusions Rates of access, engagement, and quitting suggest that individualized quitline counseling was as effective with AIANs as it was with White smokers. Increasing efforts to refer AIANs to existing state quitlines can help more smokers quit. Implications This study showed that AIAN smokers were well represented among California quitline callers, even without a targeted campaign. It also found that AIAN smokers engaged in quitline services and were as able to quit as their White counterparts were, even after adjusting for other baseline characteristics. One implication is that public health programs can promote quitlines using broad-based campaigns knowing that they will still motivate AIAN smokers to seek help. Another implication is that a standard, individualized counseling protocol delivered by culturally competent quitline staff can effectively help AIAN smokers to quit.

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Development and Evaluation of Social Cognitive Measures Related to Adolescent Physical Activity

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.10.4.544 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 544-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Deborah L. Dewar ◽

David Revalds Lubans ◽

Philip James Morgan ◽

Ronald C. Plotnikoff

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Cognitive Theory ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Cognitive Theory ◽

Rank Order ◽

Behavioral Strategies ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cognitive Measures ◽

Fit Index

Background:This study aimed to develop and evaluate the construct validity and reliability of modernized social cognitive measures relating to physical activity behaviors in adolescents.Methods:An instrument was developed based on constructs from Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory and included the following scales: self-efficacy, situation (perceived physical environment), social support, behavioral strategies, and outcome expectations and expectancies. The questionnaire was administered in a sample of 171 adolescents (age = 13.6 ± 1.2 years, females = 61%). Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine model-fit for each scale using multiple indices, including chi-square index, comparative-fit index (CFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Reliability properties were also examined (ICC and Cronbach’s alpha).Results:Each scale represented a statistically sound measure: fit indices indicated each model to be an adequate-to-exact fit to the data; internal consistency was acceptable to good (α = 0.63−0.79); rank order repeatability was strong (ICC = 0.82−0.91).Conclusions:Results support the validity and reliability of social cognitive scales relating to physical activity among adolescents. As such, the developed scales have utility for the identification of potential social cognitive correlates of youth physical activity, mediators of physical activity behavior changes and the testing of theoretical models based on Social Cognitive Theory.

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Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of social cognitive scales related to adolescent dietary behaviors

Cadernos Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1414-462x201400030006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 252-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Barco Leme ◽

Sonia Tucunduva Philippi

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Cognitive Theory ◽

Rank Order ◽

Outcome Expectations ◽

Dietary Behaviors ◽

Factorial Validity ◽

Behavioral Strategies ◽

Cognitive Measures

Establishing valid and reliable methods for assessing social cognitive measures of dietary behaviors support the design and delivery of more effective interventions. The aims of this study were to culturally adapt social cognitive measures related to adolescent dietary behaviors and evaluate the reliability and factorial validity of these measures in Brazilian adolescents. The instrument was culturally adapted from an Australian questionnaire based on the Banduras' Social Cognitive Theory, and it included the following constructs: self-efficacy, intentions, situation, social support, behavioral strategies, and outcome expectations and expectancies. The questionnaire was administered in a two-week test-retest with 173 adolescents (M=15.3±1.53 years old). A confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine model-fit for each scale using multiple indices including: chi-square, comparative-fit, goodness-of-fit, and root mean square error of approximation. Reliability properties were also examined. The reliability and factorial validity are appropriate, suggesting for each scale values between adequate to exact; internal consistency from acceptable to excellent (α=0.66 to 0.94); and rank order repeatability from adequate to strong (ICC=0.65–0.93). The Brazilian version showed appropriate internal consistency, factorial validity and test-retest reliability, and will be useful to assess social cognitive dietary behaviors among Brazilian adolescents.

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Ethnic Disparities in the Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation in an Equal Access Health Care System

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.4278/0890-1171-20.2.108 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 108-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Steven S. Fu ◽

Scott E. Sherman ◽

Elizabeth M. Yano ◽

Michelle van Ryn ◽

Andy B. Lanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

African American ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽

Health Care System ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Equal Access ◽

Quit Attempt

Purpose. To examine ethnic variations in the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in an equal access health care system. Design. Cross-sectional survey. Setting. Eighteen Veterans Affairs medical and ambulatory care centers. Subjects. A cohort of male current smokers (n = 1606). Measures. Use of NRT (nicotine patch or nicotine gum), ethnicity, sociodemographics, health status, smoking-related history, and facility prescribing policy. Results. Overall, only 34% of African-American and 26% of Hispanic smokers have ever used NRT as a cessation aid compared with 50% of white smokers. In the past year, African-American smokers were most likely to have attempted quitting. During a serious past-year quit attempt, however, African-American and Hispanic smokers reported lower rates of NRT use than white smokers (20% vs. 22% vs. 34%, respectively, p = .001). In multivariate analyses, ethnicity was independently associated with NRT use during a past-year quit attempt. Compared with white smokers, African-American (adjusted odds ratio, .53; 95% confidence interval, .34–.83) and Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio, .55; 95% confidence interval, .28–1.08) smokers were less likely to use NRT. Conclusions. Assessment of variations in use of NRT demonstrates that African-American and Hispanic smokers are less likely to use NRT during quit attempts. Future research is needed on the relative contributions of patient, physician, and system features to gaps in guideline implementation to provide treatment for ethnic minority smokers.

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Recreational Gun Use by California Adolescents

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198105276966 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 751-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katherine A. Vittes ◽

Susan B. Sorenson

Keyword(s):

Family Member ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

California Health Interview Survey ◽

Urban Populations ◽

Male Adolescents ◽

Health Interview Survey ◽

Interview Survey

Most research on adolescents and firearms focuses on urban populations, handguns, and homicide. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of recreational gun use (RGU)—for hunting or target shooting—among 5,801 community-residing 12- to 17-year-old Californians. Data are from the first statewide California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), and person, design, and population weights were applied to the data. About one fifth (22.4%) of California adolescents report that they have gone hunting or target shooting. Nearly two thirds (62.8%) have hunted with a family member, typically (67.3%) their father. Recreational gun use among adolescents appears to be linked to a few basic demographic characteristics; most notably, male adolescents had an adjusted odds ratio of RGU nearly five times that of female adolescents. Some of the variables associated with RGU are consistent with those for violent gun use; differences, however, suggest that separate approaches to preventing firearm-related injury may be warranted.

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Identifying Disparities in Health Outcomes and Mortality for American Indian and Alaska Native Populations Using Tribally Disaggregated Vital Statistics and Health Survey Data

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.2021.306427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 111 (S2) ◽

pp. S126-S132

Author(s):

Desi Small-Rodriguez ◽

Randall Akee

Keyword(s):

Health Disparities ◽

American Indian ◽

Alaska Native ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

Health Surveillance ◽

California Health Interview Survey ◽

Death Certificates ◽

Public Data ◽

Enrollment Data ◽

The Impact

Objectives. To determine the impact of disaggregated mortality and health surveillance data on the ability to identify health disparities for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) subpopulations. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of reporting categories for AI/AN decedents on official death certificates for all 50 US states. Using public data from the 2017–2018 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), we conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses to assess disparities in health conditions and outcomes for tribally enrolled and non‒tribally enrolled AI/AN persons compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Results. There was no standard for the collection of tribal enrollment data or AI/AN race on death certificates across all 50 states. There were stark differences in the incidence and prevalence of various health risk factors and chronic diseases for the tribally enrolled AI/AN subpopulation, non‒tribally enrolled AI/AN subpopulation, and non-Hispanic White comparison group. Conclusions. The collection of tribal enrollment data in vital statistics and health surveillance systems is necessary to identify and respond to health disparities among AI/AN subpopulations. These efforts must be conducted in partnership with tribal nations and consider Indigenous data sovereignty.

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Endorsement of the “firewater myth” affects the use of protective behavioral strategies among American Indian and Alaska Native students

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 93 ◽

pp. 78-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vivian M. Gonzalez ◽

Adrian J. Bravo ◽

Maria C. Crouch

Keyword(s):

American Indian ◽

Alaska Native ◽

Native Students ◽

Behavioral Strategies ◽

Protective Behavioral Strategies

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Speech-Language Assessment Considerations for American Indian and Alaska Native Children Who Are Dual Language Learners

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/persp2.sig14.29 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (14) ◽

pp. 29-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christine Vining ◽

Edgarita Long ◽

Ella Inglebret ◽

Megan Brendal

Keyword(s):

American Indian ◽

Language Learners ◽

Alaska Native ◽

Dual Language ◽

Linguistic Diversity ◽

Critical Role ◽

Language Assessment ◽

Assessment Process ◽

Dual Language Learners ◽

Native Communities

The overrepresentation of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children in special education, including children who are dual language learners (DLLs), is a major concern. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can play a critical role in reducing this overrepresentation. Using a holistic assessment process that is responsive to the communication patterns of home and community contexts provides a framework for distinguishing actual language disorders from differences associated with cultural and linguistic diversity. This article presents current trends in Native communities that may impact the speech-language assessment process, including a shift from indigenous languages to English and/or Native language revitalization efforts. It also provides a framework for guiding assessment in a manner that considers cultural and linguistic factors in speech-language assessment for AI/AN children who are DLLs.

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