LGBT Parenting and Family Formation

Sociology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien W. Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Division Of Household Labor ◽  
Reproductive Services ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Lgbt Parenting ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Lgbt People

Over the past three decades, rapidly growing numbers of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people have become parents. LGBT people may become parents via giving birth or by adopting or fostering children. Some LGBT people may use Assisted Reproductive Technologies as part of their journey to parenthood. Other LGBT people may become parents as part of a blended or stepfamily. Overall, research comparing LGBT-headed families with heterosexual and/or cisgender-headed families demonstrates broadly similar outcomes for children. A key point of difference pertains to experiences of discrimination, which can occur when LGBT parents (and their children) access reproductive services, when engaging with their families of origin, in schools, and in terms of broader societal attitudes. Other points of difference pertain to the division of household labor, views on parenting, and beliefs about the needs of children. In many respects, the research evidence suggests that, across these three areas, LGBT parents engage in practices that positively benefit their children.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on assisted reproductive technologies and its multifacet influence on global bioeconomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan ◽  
Charles O. Adetunji ◽  
Gloria E. Okotie ◽  
Olorunsola Adeyomoye ◽  
Osikemekha A. Anani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Reproductive Services

Several nations of the world have issued instructions such as travel restrictions, border closure, and lockdown, plus other directives proposing that non-essential care must be withdrawn including assisted reproductive services, in an attempt to identify resources to ascertain the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2. This has led to massive shortage in medical supplies, inappropriate service delivery, hike in price, decrease in staff work load, salary cut, decrease in the utilization of qualitative maternal, and reproductive health-care services thereby creating high risk on reproductive health and global bioeconomy. The search for right candidate for the management of coronavirus disease 2019 and several reproductive health challenges begins with the screening of natural products to identify novel active constituent. Moreover, there is need to pay more attention to crucial phytochemical, bioactive fractions, phytoanalysis, and phytopharmacological investigation for effective drug discovery most especially these bioresources from beneficial microorganisms, plants, and ocean deposits that could help in mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 and reproduction health challenges through chemoinformatics, informatics, synthetic biology, nanotechnology, and metabolomics hence boosting the global economy.

scholarly journals Reprowebs: a conceptual approach to elasticity and change in the global assisted reproduction industry

BioSocieties ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika König ◽  
Heather Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Dynamic Capability ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Reproductive Services ◽  
Global Art ◽  
Art Industry

AbstractIn the last few decades, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have become increasingly transregional and transnational, often involving travel within or between countries or even continents. Until recently, the global ART industry was marked by so-called ‘reprohubs’—places (such as southern California, Dubai, Anand, and Mumbai) specializing in the provision of reproductive services. While reprohubs continue to exist, in the last few years, many have splayed out, transforming into something more akin to webs that encompass, but go beyond these hubs. These webs show a unique dynamic capability to tighten, entangle, or extend in reaction to local and global changes, a characteristic which became particularly obvious during the global Covid-19 pandemic. In this paper, we propose conceptualizing this new dynamic capability as ‘reprowebs’—an approach that adds a new dimension to the existing conceptualization of reproductive travel and helps us to better understand current developments in the global ART industry.

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Families and Parenting

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald P. Mallon
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Heterosexual Relationship ◽  
Lgbt Community ◽  
Lgbt Families ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Lgbt Parenting ◽  
American Children ◽  
Lgbt People

According to U.S. census data, an estimated 270,313 American children were living in households headed by same-sex couples in 2005, and nearly twice that number had a single lesbian or gay parent. Since the 1990s, a quiet revolution has been blooming in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. More and more lesbians and gay men from all walks of life are becoming parents. LGBT people become parents for some of the same reasons that heterosexual people do. Some pursue parenting as single people and others seek to create a family as a couple; still other LGBT people became parents in a heterosexual relationship. Although there are many common themes between LGBT parenting and heterosexual parenting, there are also some unique features. Unlike their heterosexual counterparts, who couple, get pregnant, and give birth, most LGBT individuals and couples who wish to parent must consider many other variables in deciding whether to become parents because the birth option is not the only option.

Desperately Seeking Daddy: A Critique of Pratten v British Columbia (Attorney General)

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Lori Chambers ◽  
Heather Hillsburg
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Knowledge ◽  
Sperm Donation ◽  
Sperm Donors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Court Of Appeal

Abstract Current Canadian law, by silence rather than explicit choice, does not prevent anonymous sperm donation. Anonymous sperm donation, however, may soon disappear. In the recent Pratten decision, the Supreme Court of British Columbia determined that anonymity violates the constitutional rights of children born of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). While finding that children should have access to genetic knowledge, the court failed to consider the impact of the elimination of anonymity on other parties to ARTs, both sperm donors and ART families. The case was appealed by the Attorney General of British Columbia and heard by the British Columbia Court of Appeal in February 2012 and was overturned. While agreeing with the decision of the Court of Appeal, this article argues that the court failed to provide a fulsome analysis of issues related to privacy, genetic knowledge, alternative family formation, and the false assertion that sperm donation makes a man a father.

Surrogacy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Lyndon Shanley
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Impact

The development of assisted-reproductive technologies sharpened perceptions of the differences among three major criteria for parental status—biological (genetics and gestation), volition/intention, and caregiving/functional. This chapter surveys the development of these justifications. It argues that of these, caregiving—and the underlying philosophic framework of the ethics of care—is the most satisfactory grounding of parental status for three reasons: first, it places relationship at the centre of its theoretical and practical concerns; second, caregiving focuses attention on the child; and third, thinking about relationships of care ensures that we consider the impact of social factors, such as race and class, on reproduction and family formation. But despite its strengths, this chapter concludes that caregiving is not fully satisfactory for grounding recognition of a parent–child relationship. It advocates a pluralistic account that regards the relationships established by all three criteria, as significant to both social and legal groundings of parental status.

Re-imagining Reproduction: Unsettling Metaphors in the History of Imperial Science and Commercial Surrogacy in India

Somatechnics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalindi Vora
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Commercial Surrogacy ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Travel Industry

This paper provides an analysis of how cultural notions of the body and kinship conveyed through Western medical technologies and practices in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) bring together India's colonial history and its economic development through outsourcing, globalisation and instrumentalised notions of the reproductive body in transnational commercial surrogacy. Essential to this industry is the concept of the disembodied uterus that has arisen in scientific and medical practice, which allows for the logic of the ‘gestational carrier’ as a functional role in ART practices, and therefore in transnational medical fertility travel to India. Highlighting the instrumentalisation of the uterus as an alienable component of a body and subject – and therefore of women's bodies in surrogacy – helps elucidate some of the material and political stakes that accompany the growth of the fertility travel industry in India, where histories of privilege and difference converge. I conclude that the metaphors we use to structure our understanding of bodies and body parts impact how we imagine appropriate roles for people and their bodies in ways that are still deeply entangled with imperial histories of science, and these histories shape the contemporary disparities found in access to medical and legal protections among participants in transnational surrogacy arrangements.

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