Africa’s International Intellectual Property Law Regimes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline B. Ncube
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
African State ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Ip Law

Intellectual property (IP) law is a knowledge governance system for creative works, marks, products, and processes that exists at domestic, regional, and international levels. National legislation creates economic and moral rights in works, marks, products, and processes. Generally, IP is categorized into two main classes, namely (i) industrial property and (ii) copyright and related rights. Industrial property encompasses patents, which protect product and process inventions; trademarks, which protect marks such as logos and brands; industrial designs; and geographical indications. Copyright protects creative works, including those of a literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic nature. Related rights protect performers, producers of phonograms or sound recordings, and broadcasters of radio and television programs. National IP legislation on each of these aspects is informed by binding international norms contained in agreements which the relevant state is party to. African states are party to several IP law regimes with other countries within the continent and beyond. International here means beyond continental borders, that is, arrangements for IP regulation with non-African state parties. This article outlines the literature on the engagement with, and participation in, international IP law regimes by African states and related literature on topical issues such as access, regional integration, international relations, innovation, development, biodiversity, plant breeders’ rights, and the protection of traditional knowledge. This work is based on the research supported in part by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa. Any opinion, finding and conclusion or recommendation expressed in this material is that of the author and the NRF does not accept any liability in this regard.

scholarly journals The Transformation of Global Intellectual Property Protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Tuomas Mylly ◽  
Jonathan Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Private Regulation ◽  
International Investment Agreements ◽  
Constitutional Pluralism ◽  
Ip Law ◽  
Investment Agreements ◽  
Paris Convention

This chapter traces the transformation of global intellectual property protection. The classical Convention regime, epitomised by the Paris Convention protecting industrial property and the Berne Convention protecting copyright, dominated the international IP scene for about a century. Other norm sets have become relevant for IP more recently. These often strengthen IP rights or grant them complementary protection and include international investment agreements (IIAs), predominantly in the form of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and investment chapters in trade treaties; the protection of property ownership as a fundamental right; private regulation of IP; and IP-specific counter-norms. Ultimately, this transformation of global IP law necessitates a broadening of the constitutional discourses relevant for IP. Constitutional pluralism, new constitutionalism, and societal constitutionalism represent the main currents of such global constitutional discourses.

Linkages in International Law Affecting Intellectual Property

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
International Law ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Berne Convention ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Artistic Works ◽  
Ip Law ◽  
Rule Systems ◽  
Paris Convention

This chapter gives a cursory review of situations where the rules of international intellectual property (IP) law interface with those of other rule-systems in international law. Mapping these relationships is challenging, given the multitude of rules, institutions, and actors in international law. Those have increased dramatically in number since the foundations of international IP law in the form of the Berne Convention (BC) on the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Paris Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property. These interfaces, however, give evidence of a wider phenomenon which is commonly referred to as ‘fragmentation’ on the global level. Such fragmentation has provoked a debate in social, political, and legal science on how to perceive and describe this phenomenon and what responses (in particular in terms of ways to resolve conflicts or tensions between branches of international law) it calls for.

scholarly journals PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE GLOBAL PROCESSES OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Volodymyr KHAUSTOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Global Competitiveness

It is shown that the level of development of digital technologies plays a decisive role in the competitiveness of both individual countries and individual regions. Along with the developed countries, the countries of South-East Asia have also become the leaders in the creation and implementation of the ICT. It is justified that the transition to a digital economy is considered as the driving force of innovation-oriented economic growth, provided favorable conditions for the institutional and business environment, the transformation of intellectual property protection systems, and integration to the global value added chains are created. In such chains, the better off companies and countries are those who possess significant resources in the form of intangible assets. The development of digital economy is impossible without creating a “solid analogue foundation”, including a regulatory framework, a strong human capital, and special institutions of electronic governance. The modern trends of the legal relations transformations in the field of intellectual property protection, as well as the structuring of objects and subjects of industrial property rights, copyright and related rights are systematized. It is pointed out that the current tendencies include both strengthening protection of personal non-property (moral) rights of the creators of intellectual property, and further commercialization of property (economic) rights. At the state level, it is necessary to ensure a balance between the protection of copyright and the priority areas of government policy in education, research, innovation, etc. Ukraine is not an active participant in the global value added chains, despite the potential available. The results of analysis of the Global Competitiveness Index components have revealed the strengths and weaknesses of Ukraine, in particular: comparatively high rankings and valuations of intangible assets directly related to digitalization, and, at the same time, dangerously low rankings in the assessment of institutional environment, macroeconomic stability and financial system. The key strategy for increasing Ukraine’s global competitiveness should be country’s “digitalization”, creation of domestic ICT market, and integration to the global value added chains.

Signed, Sealed, but not Delivered: The EU and the Ratification of the Marrakesh Treaty

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-632
Author(s):  
Ana Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Inside View ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Ip Law ◽  
Crossing Point ◽  
Marrakesh Treaty ◽  
The Eu

This section is devoted to giving readers an inside view of the crossing point between intellectual property (IP) law and risk regulation. In addition to updating readers on the latest developments in IP law and policies in technological fields (including chemicals, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, agriculture and foodstuffs), the section aims at verifying whether such laws and policies really stimulate scientific and technical progress and are capable of minimising the risks posed by on-going industrial developments to individuals’ health and safety, inter alia.

scholarly journals Plered Ceramic Production by Innovation in Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Yuliarni Yuliarni ◽  
Rustopo Rustopo ◽  
Guntur Guntur ◽  
Timbul Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Type Form ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
And Function ◽  
Process Product

This article explores the production, in particular innovation, of Plered ceramics. Innovation development seeks to recognize innovations and improvements, as well as the role of institutions in the ceramic industry at Plered. The analysis approach used is qualitative, through observation, interviews, literature review data sources are collected.The results showed that the development of Plered ceramics was carried out in terms of product and process. Product innovation occurs in aspects of type, form and function, while process innovation occurs in aspects of ideas, materials and production techniques. The roles of government, academics, entrepreneurs and consumers who work together are very supportive of the development of Plered ceramics.

scholarly journals PATENTS IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS THAT ARE LAYING ON INVENTOR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
putri indah sari
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Intellectual Work ◽  
The Government

The problems in this research are: (1) Is the patent in production can be provided to the workers / employees as a inventor? (2) How will the moral rights attached to the inventor to patent the intellectual work produced during the production process? This research uses normative juridical approach. Source of data derived from secondary data that primary legal materials, secondary, and tertiary. The results showed that patents in the production process is not given to the discoverer of workers / employees. The government needs to dissemination of the patents and other intellectual property rights so that a producer of intellectual work so that they know that the law protects what they produce. Governments also need to revise the provisions of Article 12 paragraph (1) Patent Law, where the rights of patent holders fixed on the inventor.

scholarly journals THE RIGHT OF AUTHORSHIP ON A WORK

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Ciprian Raul Romiţan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Natural Connection ◽  
Artistic Work ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The moral rights represent the legal expression of the relationship between the workand its creator; they precede, survive and exert a permanent influence on the economic rights.Moral rights are independent of economic rights, the author of a work preserving these rightseven after the transfer of its property rights.The right to claim recognition as the author of the work, called in the doctrine as the"right of paternity of the work" is enshrined in art. 10 lit. b) of the law and it is based on theneed to respect the natural connection between the author and his work. The right toauthorship is the most important prerogative that constitutes intellectual property rights ingeneral and consists of recognizing the true author of a scientific, literary or artistic work.

scholarly journals Desain Industri Sebagai Seni Terapan Dilindungi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riki Andus Manulang
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Uruguay Round ◽  
Trade Negotiations ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Paris Convention

Revolusi industri di Inggris pada sekitar abad 18 telah mengubah dunia secara drastis. Teknologi telah mengambil alih peran manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya terutama dalam hal mengatasi ruang dan waktu. Temuan-temuan besar seperti mesin uap, mesin cetak dan lain-lain membuat para inventor dan perusahaan besar mulai sering memamerkan hasil-hasil temuan mereka. Namun, bersamaan dengan ditemukannya teknologi industri timbul kekhawatiran bahwa ada kemungkinan ide atau gagasan-gagasan mereka dicuri oleh pesaing-pesaing bisnis mereka atau orang yang akan menggunakannya tanpa ijin dan mengambil keuntungan pribadi, tanpa memperhatikan hak-hak penemu, sehingga mereka enggan ikut dalam pameran-pameran internasional (world fair) . Sejak saat ini dia antara mereka timbul kebutuhan perlindungan hak hasil kekayaan intelektual. Kebutuhan perlindungan atas suatu desain industri mulai dikenal sekitar abad ke 18. Kebutuhan perlindungan hukum ini dimotori sekelompok profesional,Patent Lawyers yang sedang berkumpul di Vienna, Austria dalam suasana Vienna World Fair pada tahun 1873. Pada 1883 mereka mengadakan konvensi di Paris yang kemudian dikenal dengan The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. Saat ini Paris Convention mengakomodasi perlindungan penemuan-penemuan di bidang industri seperti hak atas paten, merek, rahasia dagang, desain tata letak sirkuit terpadu, indikasi geografis, varietas tanaman termasuk desain industri.Dalam pertemuan Putaran Uruguay di Marrakes, Maroko 1994, Indonesia hadir dan menandatangani The Final Act Embodying the Results of The Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations yang menghasilan dibentuknya organisasi perdagangan dunia (World Trade Organization). Moment ini mempunyai arti yang luas dan dalam bagi Indonesia, baik secara politis, ekonomi dan hukum. Selain menjadi anggota WTO yang mempunyai hak-hak sebagai anggota juga kewajiban-kewajiban antara lain mentaati seluruh keputusan-keputusan yang diambil organisasi ini. Di dalam lampiran The Final Act terdapat lampiran Trade Releated Aspect of Intellectual Property (Aspek-aspek dagangan kekayaan intelektual). Dampak dari hal itu ada kewajiban bagi negara anggota untuk melakukan harmonisasi peraturan-peraturan termasuk peraturan kekayaan intelektual. Maka, pada tahun 2000, pemerintah Indonesia menerbitkan beberapa peraturan HKI, yaitu Undang-Undang No. 29 tahun Tentang Varietas Tanaman; Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun 2000 Tentang Rahasia Dagang; Undang-Undang No. 31 Tahun 2000 Tentang Desain Industri; Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2000 Tentang Desain Tata Letak Sirkuit Terpadu.Dengan judul Desain Industri Sebagai Seni Terapan Dilindungi Hak kekayaan Intelektual secara yuridis normatif akan dijelaskan bahwa suatu desain selain dapat dilindungi hak Desain Industri juga dapat dilindungi dengan hak cipta. Dalam tulisan ini akan diangkat tentang apakah suatu desain dapat dilindungi dengan hak cipta? Bagi seorang pendesain perlindungan hak apa yang akan dipilih untuk melindungi hasil desain suatu produk?

Traditional Knowledge, Indigenous Peoples, and Local Communities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susy Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Practical Matter ◽  
Ip Law ◽  
Level Of Agreement

This chapter situates the claims for protection of traditional knowledge in the international intellectual property (IP) context. Drawing on examples, it discusses the meaning of “traditional knowledge” and how the goals and means of protecting that knowledge do not fit within the framework of IP law. In order to address the overlap with IP and provide protection against misuse of traditional knowledge, a number of international bodies have been involved in negotiations and treaty drafting. The chapter discusses those developments, and concludes that even though international resolution looks unlikely in the short-term, the protection of traditional knowledge will continue to feature in international IP debates until a minimum level of agreement at least reached. In order to attain such agreement, there needs to be relevant national laws and, as a practical matter, sufficient investment in the innovation of traditional knowledge in order to deliver the value of protection to its holders.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Jon Sprigman
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Negative Space ◽  
Ip Law

Chris Sprigman concludes with a discussion of IP’s “negative space.” Each of the studies in this book explores creative communities and industries that could theoretically be governed by IP law, but instead exist in a space outside of it. Together, this body of scholarship challenges the canonical justification that IP incentives are central to innovation and creativity. Drawing on his previous work on the fashion industry and stand-up comedians, Sprigman argues that the type of creation incentivized by IP is inherently limited. A lesson he distills from our growing but still incomplete understanding of creativity without law is a need to shift our focus from a preoccupation with intellectual property to a more inclusive inquiry into innovation and its many drivers, broadening our horizon and the tools at our disposal to create effective policy.

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