scholarly journals Oral Cytokine Levels Are More Linked to Levels of Plasma and Oral HIV-1 RNA Than to CD4+ T-Cell Counts in People With HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M Rocco ◽  
Zachary York ◽  
Chengli Shen ◽  
Caroline Shiboski ◽  
Jennifer Cyriaque-Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Plasma Viremia ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immune Mediators ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background We determined the levels of 11 soluble immune mediators in oral washings of AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5254 participants with varying degrees of plasma viremia and CD4 T-cell counts to characterize the mucosal immune response at different stages of HIV-1 infection. Methods A5254 was a multicenter, cross-sectional study in people with HIV (PWH) recruited into 4 strata based on CD4 count and levels of plasma viremia: stratum (St) A: CD4 ≤200 cells/mm3, HIV-1 RNA (viral load [VL]) >1000 cps/mL; St B: CD4 ≤200, VL ≤1000; St C: CD4 >200, VL >1000; St D: CD4 >200, VL ≤1000. Oral/throat washings were obtained from all participants. Soluble markers were tested in oral/throat washings using a multibead fluorescent platform and were compared across strata. Linear regression was used to determine the associations between cytokines and HIV-1 in plasma and oral fluid. Results St A participants had higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interferon gamma (IFNγ) compared with St B and D (P = .02; P < .0001) but were not different from St C. IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 were elevated in St A compared with the other 3 strata (P = .046; P < .0001). Linear regression demonstrated that oral HIV-1 levels were associated with IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα production (R > .40; P < .001) when controlling for CD4 count and opportunistic infections. Conclusions Our results show that high levels of oral HIV-1, rather than low CD4 counts, were linked to the production of oral immune mediators. Participants with AIDS and uncontrolled viremia demonstrated higher levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory soluble immune mediators compared with participants with lower HIV-1 RNA. The interplay of HIV-1 and these immune mediators could be important in the oral health of PWH.

scholarly journals EBV AND HHV-6 CIRCULATING SUBTYPES IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN BURKINA FASO, IMPACT ON CD4 T CELL COUNT AND HIV VIRAL LOAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lassina TRAORE ◽  
Ouéogo NIKIEMA ◽  
Abdoul Karim OUATTARA ◽  
Tegwindé Rébéca COMPAORE ◽  
Serge Théophile SOUBEIGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV-6) are responsible for severe diseases, particularly in immunocompromised persons. There are poor data on the infection with these opportunistic viruses in Burkina Faso.The purpose of this study is to characterize EBV and HHV-6 subtypes and to assess their impact on CD4 T cell count, HIV-1 viral load and antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV-1.The study population consisted of 238 HIV-positive patients with information on CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load and HAART. Venous blood samples collected on EDTA tubes were used for EBV and HHV-6 Real Time PCR subtyping.An infection rate of 6.7% (16/238) and 7.1% (17/238) were found respectively for EBV and HHV-6 in the present study. Among EBV infections, similar prevalences were noted for both subtypes (3.9% [9/238] for EBV-1 vs 4.6% [11/238] for EBV-2) with 2.1% (5/238) of co-infection. HHV-6A infection represented 6.3% (15/238) of the study population against 5.0% (12/238) for HHV-6B. . EBV-2 infection was significantly higher in patients with CD4 count ≥ 500 compared to those with CD4 count less than 500 cells (1.65% vs 8.56%, p = 0,011). The prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 infections were almost similar in HAART-naive and HAART-experienced patients.The present study provides information on the prevalence of EBV and HHV-6 subtypes in people living with HIV-1 in Burkina Faso. The study also suggests that HAART treatment has no effect on infection with these opportunistic viruses in people living with HIV-1.

scholarly journals Prediction of CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count Using WHO Clinical Staging among ART-Naïve HIV-Infected Adolescents and Adults in Northern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abraham Desta Aregay ◽  
Kibriti Mehari Kidane ◽  
Asfawosen Berhe Aregay ◽  
Kiros Ajemu Fenta ◽  
Ataklti Gebretsadik Woldegebriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Immunological Status ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Background. WHO clinical staging has long been used to assess the immunological status of HIV-infected patients at initiation of antiretroviral therapy and during treatment follow-up. In setups where CD4 count determination is not readily available, WHO clinical staging is a viable option. However, correlation between CD4 count and WHO clinical staging is not known in an Ethiopian setting, and hence, the main aim of this study was to assess predictability of CD4 T-lymphocyte count using WHO clinical staging among ART-naïve HIV-infected adolescents and adults in northern Ethiopia. Methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study was done in the Tigray Region, Ethiopia, from April 2015 to January 2019 from a secondary database of 19525 HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment. Analysis was done using STATA-14.0 to estimate the frequencies, mean, and median of CD4 T-cell count in each WHO stages. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, kappa test, and correlations were calculated to show the relationships between WHO stages and CD T-cell count. Results. The sensitivity of WHO clinical staging to predict CD4 T-cell counts of <200 cells/μl was 94.17% with a specificity of 3.62%. The PPV was 49.03%, and the NPV was 3.62%. The sensitivity of WHO clinical staging to predict CD4 T-cell counts of <350 cells/μl was 94.75% with a specificity of 3.00%. The PPV was 75.81%, and the NPV was 15.09%. Similarly, the sensitivity of WHO clinical staging to predict CD4 T-cell counts of <500 cells/μl was 95.03% with a specificity of 2.73% and the PPV and NPV were 88.32% and 6.62%, respectively. The kappa agreement of WHO clinical stages was also insignificant when compared with the disaggregated CD4 counts in different categories. The correlation of WHO clinical staging was inversely associated with the CD4 count, and the magnitude of the correlation was 5.22%. Conclusions. The WHO clinical staging had high sensitivity but low specificity in predicting patients with CD4 count <200 cells/μl, <350 cells/μl, and <500 cells/μl. There was poor correlation and agreement between CD4 T-lymphocyte count and WHO clinical staging. Therefore, WHO clinical staging alone may not provide accurate information on the immunological status of patients, and hence, it is better to use the CDC definition rather than the WHO clinical definition.

scholarly journals Relaxation of Adaptive Evolution during the HIV-1 Infection Owing to Reduction of CD4+ T Cell Counts

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e39776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Élcio Leal ◽  
Jorge Casseb ◽  
Michael Hendry ◽  
Michael P. Busch ◽  
Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Transient loss of detectable HIV-1 RNA following brentuximab vedotin anti-CD30 therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 3479-3482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ching Wang ◽  
Cassandra Thanh ◽  
Erica A. Gibson ◽  
Maya Ball-Burack ◽  
Louise E. Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Brentuximab Vedotin ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Plasma Viremia ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Transient Loss ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Residual Plasma Viremia

Key Points Anti-CD30 therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma led to transient loss of detectable CD4+ T-cell HIV RNA and a decrease in residual plasma viremia. Targeting nonviral markers expressed on HIV-1 transcriptionally active cells may lead to reduced measures of HIV-1 persistence.

Feasibility of a Stem Cell Gene Therapy Approach with Nonmyeloablative Conditioning in Patients with HIV-1 Infection.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 412-412
Author(s):  
Gian-Paolo Rizzardi ◽  
Silvia Nozza ◽  
Lucia Turchetto ◽  
Alexandre Harari ◽  
Giuseppe Tambussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cell Gene ◽  
Stem Cell Gene ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Several reasons warrant the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for HIV/AIDS. These include the inability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to eradicate the virus, the HAART-induced severe long-term toxicity occurring in patients, the development of HAART-resistant HIV-1 strains in the host, and the lack of an efficacious vaccine. Genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) combined with nonmyeloablative conditioning proved safety and efficacy in the treatment of adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency. The feasibility of such an approach in HIV-1 infection remains, however, to be determined. In an open-label prospective trial, 18 patients with HIV-1 infection (mean±SE age 35.7±1.2, range 18.9–40; HAART since at least 3 months; CD4+ T cell counts &gt;200/μl) have been enrolled in a HSC retroviral vector gene therapy trial using RevM10 and polAS as anti-HIV genes. Nine patients received fresh transduced CD34+ cells and all study treatments, including CD34+ cell mobilisation with G-CSF (10 μg/kg/day for 5 days), CD34+ cell collection through aphaeresis, and nonmyeloablative conditioning (1.8 g/m2 cyclophosphamide [CY]), while 9 did not undergo all study phases. All patients have been followed-up for at least 48 weeks. Mean±SE baseline CD4+ T cell counts were 577±42, while plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (VL) were below the limit of detection (80 copies/ml) of the assay (Nasba Organon) in 9 out of 18 patients. CD34+ cells were efficiently mobilized and collected from patients with HIV-1 infection, achieving 4.42±0.64 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg after purification (CliniMACS, Miltenyi Biotec), and 3.93±1.2 x 106 viable CD34+ cells/kg in the infusion product, 30% of which were transduced CD34+ cells. It is worth noting that 1) effective VL suppression significantly increased the yields of mobilization, purification and transduction processes, and 2) peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts before aphaeresis (mean, 72 cells/μl) predicted the number of viable CD34+ cells infused (β 0.722, 95% CI 0.007–0.092, P=0.028, regression analysis), and a cut-off value &gt;30 CD34+ cells/μl predicted the success of all procedures (P=0.018, χ2 analysis, Fisher’s exact test). Gene marking levels, predicted by the number of transduced cells infused, were detectable in all patients, though they significantly decreased over time. CY conditioning caused a marked decrease in CD4+ T cell counts, restored over long-term follow-up. This recovery correlated with levels of CD4+ TCR-rearrangement excision circles and CD4+CD45RA+CCR7+ naïve T cells, indicating thymus regeneration capacity in &gt;30-year-old patients with HIV-1 infection. Importantly, CMV-specific IL-2- and IFN- γ-secreting CD4+CD69+ T cells were able to expand while no clinically relevant CMV reactivation occurred; moreover, proportions of IL-2, IL-2/IFN- γ, and IFN-γ-secreting HSV, TT, and EBV-specific CD4+ T cells were not altered by CY over time. These data indicate that effective stem cell gene transfer is feasible in patients with HIV-1 infection, and suggest the use of non-lymphocyte-toxic conditioning regimen, such as busulfan.

Low CD4 T-cell counts despite low levels of circulating HIV: Insights from the comparison of HIV-1 infected patients with a discordant response to antiretroviral therapy to patients with untreated advanced HIV-2 disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana S. Albuquerque ◽  
Russell B. Foxall ◽  
Catarina S. Cortesão ◽  
Rui S. Soares ◽  
Manuela Doroana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Hiv 1

Similar changes in plasmacytoid dendritic cell and CD4 T-cell counts during primary HIV-1 infection and treatment

AIDS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1247-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Scott Killian ◽  
Sue H Fujimura ◽  
Frederick M Hecht ◽  
Jay A Levy
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv 1
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