scholarly journals Insight Into Resistance Phenotypes of Emergent Non 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Type Pneumococci Isolated From Invasive Disease After 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Implementation in France

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Janoir ◽  
Agnès Lepoutre ◽  
Laurent Gutmann ◽  
Emmanuelle Varon
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background.  In 2010, the pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13), containing 6 additional serotypes including the multidrug-resistant 19A, replaced the PCV7 in France. This study aimed at analyzing trends in antibiotic resistance in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) isolates in France after PCV13 introduction. Methods.  A total of 5243 pneumococci isolated from IPD in 2008–2009 (late PCV7 era) and 2011–2012 (PCV13 era) were studied according to their serotype and antibiotic resistance profile. Multilocus sequence typing analysis was performed on strains of the predominant serotypes (12F and 24F) isolated from young children. Results.  Overall, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance decreased in France (−21.5% for penicillin from 2008–2009 to 2011–2012), mainly driven by the decline of the 19A serotype. Among non-PCV13 serotypes that concomitantly emerged, serotypes 12F, 24F, 15A, and 35B were consistently associated with resistance to 1 or more antibiotics. In children under 2 years, serotypes 15A, 35B, and 24F accounted together for 37.8% and 31.9% of penicillin-nonsusceptible and erythromycin-resistant isolates, respectively. Chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole resistance were mainly associated with serotypes 12F and 24F, respectively. Genetic analysis showed that although emergence of serotype 12F pneumococci resulted from the expansion of various pre-existing lineages, increase in serotype 24F was related to the clonal expansion of the ST162 penicillin-susceptible cotrimoxazole-resistant lineage. Conclusions.  We showed that decline of PCV13-related IPD was associated with a decline in antibiotic resistance in France, but that it likely favored the spread of several resistant nonvaccine serotypes. However, antibiotic resistance does not seem to be the only element that may drive this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Colonization and Invasive Disease in Cambodian Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1580-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Turner ◽  
Phana Leab ◽  
Sokeng Ly ◽  
Sena Sao ◽  
Thyl Miliya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Siem Reap ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Pneumococcal Colonization ◽  
Dominant Serotype ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Background Cambodia introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in January 2015 using a 3 + 0 dosing schedule and no catch-up campaign. We investigated the effects of this introduction on pneumococcal colonization and invasive disease in children aged <5 years. Methods There were 6 colonization surveys done between January 2014 and January 2018 in children attending the outpatient department of a nongovernmental pediatric hospital in Siem Reap. Nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed by phenotypic and genotypic methods to detect pneumococcal serotypes and antimicrobial resistance. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) data for January 2012–December 2018 were retrieved from hospital databases. Pre-PCV IPD data and pre-/post-PCV colonization data were modelled to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE). Results Comparing 2014 with 2016–2018, and using adjusted prevalence ratios, VE estimates for colonization were 16.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.6–21.8) for all pneumococci and 39.2% (95% CI 26.7–46.1) for vaccine serotype (VT) pneumococci. There was a 26.0% (95% CI 17.7–33.0) decrease in multidrug-resistant pneumococcal colonization. The IPD incidence was estimated to have declined by 26.4% (95% CI 14.4–35.8) by 2018, with a decrease of 36.3% (95% CI 23.8–46.9) for VT IPD and an increase of 101.4% (95% CI 62.0–145.4) for non-VT IPD. Conclusions Following PCV13 introduction into the Cambodian immunization schedule, there have been declines in VT pneumococcal colonization and disease in children aged <5 years. Modelling of dominant serotype colonization data produced plausible VE estimates.

scholarly journals Dynamic transmission modelling to address infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule modifications in the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (14) ◽  
pp. 1797-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wasserman ◽  
A. Lucas ◽  
D. Jones ◽  
M. Wilson ◽  
B. Hilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Routine Immunisation ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Vaccine Schedule ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been part of routine immunisation in a 2 + 1 schedule (two primary infant doses and one booster during the second year of life) in the UK since 2010. Recently, the UK's Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation recommended changing to a 1 + 1 schedule while conceding that this will increase disease burden; however, uncertainty remains on how much pneumococcal burden – including invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-invasive disease – will increase. We built a dynamic transmission model to investigate this question. The model predicted that a 1 + 1 schedule would incur 8777–27 807 additional cases of disease and 241–743 more deaths over 5 years. Serotype 19A caused 55–71% of incremental IPD cases. Scenario analyses showed that booster dose adherence, effectiveness against carriage and waning in a 1 + 1 schedule had the most influence on resurgence of disease. Based on the model assumptions, switching to a 1 + 1 schedule will substantially increase disease burden. The results likely are conservative since they are based on relatively low vaccine-type pneumococcal transmission, a paradigm that has been called into question by data demonstrating an increase of IPD due to several vaccine serotypes during the last surveillance year available.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of adult pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in the Netherlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1407-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Josée J. Mangen ◽  
Mark H. Rozenbaum ◽  
Susanne M. Huijts ◽  
Cornelis H. van Werkhoven ◽  
Douwe F. Postma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
High Risk ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Vaccine Type

The Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA) demonstrated the efficacy of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in preventing vaccine-type community-acquired pneumonia and vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease in elderly subjects. We examined the cost-effectiveness of PCV13 vaccination in the Netherlands.Using a Markov-type model, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) of PCV13 vaccination in different age- and risk-groups for pneumococcal disease were evaluated using a societal perspective. Estimates of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, vaccine efficacy and epidemiological data were based on the CAPiTA study and other prospective studies. The base-case was PCV13 vaccination of adults aged 65–74 years compared to no vaccination, assuming no net indirect effects in base-case due to paediatric 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use. Analyses for age- and risk-group specific vaccination strategies and for different levels of hypothetical herd effects from a paediatric PCV programme were also conducted.The ICER for base-case was €8650 per QALY (95% CI 5750–17 100). Vaccination of high-risk individuals aged 65–74 years was cost-saving and extension to medium-risk individuals aged 65–74 years yielded an ICER of €2900. Further extension to include medium- and high-risk individuals aged ≥18 years yielded an ICER of €3100.PCV13 vaccination is highly cost-effective in the Netherlands. The transferability of our results to other countries depends upon vaccination strategies already implemented in those countries.

scholarly journals Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Nigeria From 2010 to 2016, Prior to and During the Phased Introduction of the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S81-S88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beckie N Tagbo ◽  
Rowan E Bancroft ◽  
Iretiola Fajolu ◽  
Mohammed B Abdulkadir ◽  
Muhammad F Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Historically, Nigeria has experienced large bacterial meningitis outbreaks with high mortality in children. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), and Haemophilus influenzae are major causes of this invasive disease. In collaboration with the World Health Organization, we conducted longitudinal surveillance in sentinel hospitals within Nigeria to establish the burden of pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM). Methods From 2010 to 2016, cerebrospinal fluid was collected from children <5 years of age, admitted to 5 sentinel hospitals in 5 Nigerian states. Microbiological and latex agglutination techniques were performed to detect the presence of pneumococcus, meningococcus, and H. influenzae. Species-specific polymerase chain reaction and serotyping/grouping were conducted to determine specific causative agents of PBM. Results A total of 5134 children with suspected meningitis were enrolled at the participating hospitals; of these 153 (2.9%) were confirmed PBM cases. The mortality rate for those infected was 15.0% (23/153). The dominant pathogen was pneumococcus (46.4%: 71/153) followed by meningococcus (34.6%: 53/153) and H. influenzae (19.0%: 29/153). Nearly half the pneumococcal meningitis cases successfully serotyped (46.4%: 13/28) were caused by serotypes that are included in the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The most prevalent meningococcal and H. influenzae strains were serogroup W and serotype b, respectively. Conclusions Vaccine-type bacterial meningitis continues to be common among children <5 years in Nigeria. Challenges with vaccine introduction and coverage may explain some of these finding. Continued surveillance is needed to determine the distribution of serotypes/groups of meningeal pathogens across Nigeria and help inform and sustain vaccination policies in the country.

Serotype and antibiotic resistance of isolates from patients with invasive pneumococcal disease in Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. CHIBA ◽  
M. MOROZUMI ◽  
K. SUNAOSHI ◽  
S. TAKAHASHI ◽  
M. TAKANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Gene Alteration ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

SUMMARYInvasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is of concern in Japan, where the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) is unavailable. We determined serotypes, genotypes indicating β-lactam resistance, and antibiotic susceptibilities of 496 isolates from normally sterile sites in patients (193 children, 303 adults) from 186 institutions between August 2006 and July 2007. Disease presentations included sepsis (46·2%), pneumonia (31·5%), and meningitis (17·5%). Mortality was 1·4% in children and 22·1% in adults, many of whom had underlying diseases. In children, serotype 6B (22·5%) was followed by 19F (14·1%), and 14 (13·1%); potential coverages of PCV7 and PCV13 were 75·4% and 93·7%, respectively. In adults, serotype 12F (14·3%) was followed by 3 (11·3%), and 6B (10·3%); 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) coverage was 85·4%. Most serotype 12F strains were gPISP, withpbp2bgene alteration; carbapenem had an excellent MIC90.PCV7 is recommended for children and PPV23 for adults to increase prevention against IPD.

scholarly journals 1299. Epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) in the United States 2011-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S737-S738
Author(s):  
Ryan Gierke ◽  
Monica M Farley ◽  
William Schaffner ◽  
Ann Thomas ◽  
Art Reingold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
In Series

Abstract Background Thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was recommended for U.S. children aged < 5 years in February 2010 and recommended in series with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for adults aged ≥ 65 years in 2014. PCV13 has led to dramatic reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) burden. New, higher valency PCVs (PCV15, PCV20) are expected to be licensed for adults in late 2021. We examined remaining PCV13-type IPD among children and adults and assessed IPD burden potentially preventable through PCV15 and PCV20 use. Methods IPD cases (isolation of pneumococcus from sterile sites) were identified through CDC’s Active Bacterial Core surveillance during 1998–2019. Isolates were serotyped by Quellung or whole genome sequencing. Incidence rates (cases/100,000) were calculated using U.S. Census Bureau population denominators. Results After introduction of PCV13 in children, by 2013–2014, PCV13-type IPD declined 89% (from 15 to 2 cases/100,000) in children age < 5 years and 67% (from 19 to 7 cases/100,000) in adults age ≥ 65 years. During 2014–2019, rates of PCV13-type IPD in children and adults remained stable. In 2018–2019, among children age < 5 years, serotypes 3, 19F, 19A, and 6C accounted for most of the remaining PCV13-type IPD (46%, 32%, 14% and 4% respectively) (Figure 1). Among adults age ≥ 65 years, serotypes 3, 6C, 19A, and 19F accounted for most of the remaining PCV13-type IPD (62%, 12%, 10%, and 9% respectively) (Figure 1). During 2015–2019, rates of PCV15 and PCV20-type IPD have remained stable. In 2018–2019, among adults age ≥ 65 years, PCV15 non-PCV13-type IPD rates were 3.6 cases per 100,000 and accounted for 15% of all IPD. PCV20 non-PCV13-type IPD rates were 6.8 cases per 100,000 and accounted for 29% of all IPD (Figure 2). Among children age < 5 years, PCV15 non-PCV13-type IPD rates were 1.6 cases per 100,000 and accounted for 17% of all IPD. PCV20 non-PCV13-type IPD rates were 2.8 cases per 100,000 and accounted for 39% of all IPD (Figure 2). Figure 1. Incidence rates of IPD among children < 5 years old, by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine type and individual PCV13 serotypes, 2011–2019 Figure 2. Incidence rates of IPD among adults ≥ 65 years old, by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine type and individual PCV13 serotypes, 2011–2019 Conclusion Following the dramatic reductions after PCV13 introduction, PCV13-type IPD has remained stable during the past five years. There are opportunities to prevent an additional 30% IPD burden among adults through new PCV use. Disclosures William Schaffner, MD, VBI Vaccines (Consultant) Lee Harrison, MD, GSK, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant)

Effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against vaccine-type invasive disease among children in Uruguay: An evaluation using existing data

Vaccine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. C109-C113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Picón ◽  
Lucía Alonso ◽  
Gabriela García Gabarrot ◽  
Noelia Speranza ◽  
Mariana Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Existing Data
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