scholarly journals Continuous Pneumococcal Invasive Disease Reduction, High Impact on Pneumococcal Empyemas and Meningitis, and Serotype 19A Disappearance Following PCV-13 Vaccination in Children: Eleven and a Half Years of Active Surveillance in a Mexican Hospital on the U.S. Border

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S680-S680
Author(s):  
Enrique Chacon-Cruz ◽  
Jorge Arturo Alvelais-Palacios ◽  
Erika Zoe Lopatynsky-Reyes ◽  
Maria Luisa Volker-Soberanes ◽  
Rosa Maria Rivas-Landeros
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Disease Reduction ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Diet and Planetary Health: Single-Item Substitutions Significantly Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Self-Selected Diets Reported in NHANES (OR20-08-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rose ◽  
Amelia Willits-Smith ◽  
Martin Heller
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Single Item ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Objectives The climate impacts of human food systems have been well documented. Guidance to individuals to reduce their dietary carbon footprint would benefit from simple advice, but little is known about the impact of simple changes on self-selected diets. Here we examine a random sample of high-impact diets from the U.S. to test the effects of a single change in each diet on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and nutritional quality. Methods Based on an extensive review of lifecycle assessment studies in the environmental sciences literature, we created a database of Food Impacts on the Environment for Linking to Diets (dataFIELD). We matched impact data from dataFIELD to the 24-hour recall dietary data in the 2005–2010 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). For all adults with reliable diets (N = 16,800), we calculated their dietary carbon dioxide equivalents per 1000 kcal (kg CO2-eq 1000 kcal−1), a density measure of GHGE. A 10% random sample (N = 330) of all diets in the top quintile of this variable was selected. The single food item with the highest GHGE was identified in each of these high-impact diets and was substituted for an equal-calorie amount of a similar, but lower impact food (e.g., chicken for beef). Each of the 330 diets were then re-evaluated on total GHGE/1000 kcal and on the Healthy Eating Index, a summary measure of nutritional quality developed for the U.S. population. Results The food with the highest impact in each of the randomly chosen diets was most often a type of beef (52%), a mixed dish with beef (33%), or a shellfish/shellfish mixed dish (10%). After single-item substitutions were made for these foods with equivalent poultry-based items, the mean impact from this sample of diets dropped (p < .001) from 4.35 ± 0.1 to 1.95 ± 0.8 kg CO2-eq 1000 kcal−1. This represents a 54% reduction in average dietary greenhouse gas emissions from diets. Healthy Eating Index values for the revised diets showed slight improvements. Conclusions Simple substitutions can be made in individuals' diets to reduce their carbon footprints, without sacrificing dietary quality. If promoted on a wide-scale basis, such a strategy could substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the U.S. diet. Funding Sources Wellcome Trust.

Action, not Alarm: Preparing for Oil Sands Response at the Local Level

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Sara Booth ◽  
Rhianna Macon
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Local Level ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT Canadian Oil Sands Products (OSP) are bitumen-derived fuels that present a variety of spill response challenges. Within the response community, however, these challenges should elicit preparedness actions, but not alarm. This paper will provide an overview of Canadian OSP; briefly describe the growing need for preparedness that is a result of the increased transportation of Canadian OSP within the U.S.; and introduce the concept that many aspects of a Canadian OSP response can be addressed through existing strategies and technologies. Most importantly, this paper will propose specific, low cost, high impact actions that can be taken at the local and regional level to better plan and prepare for a Canadian OSP spill response.

scholarly journals High Impact Extension Programming with Instagram

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-658
Author(s):  
Melanie Stock
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Intermountain West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Social Media Service ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
The U.S

The social media service Instagram is a popular public platform, but often underused tool to reach new demographics, reduce barriers, and perpetuate science-based information in extension. In the U.S. Intermountain West, Instagram was the top-rated platform for sharing information by predominantly new and female farmers. This article provides recommendations on key behaviors, goal setting, and quantifying impact on Instagram for extension programming. Accounts should target one niche or market, a consistent and personal voice, and regular communication (new content at least three times weekly). Unique and productive connections between extension personnel, community leaders, farmers, students, and public influencers expands programming. Tracking program accounts, including the number of followers and engagement rates, can assess program impacts and target market needs.

scholarly journals Resource requirements for national active surveillance programmes of high impact exotic pests in New Zealand

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ganev ◽  
M. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Exotic Pests ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Pest Detection

Organisms that are new to New Zealand are detected every year These range from benign or saprophytic to significant pests Currently detection of exotic organisms relies on a combination of public submissions reporting from research scientists and limited planned surveillance programmes With the exception of the fruit fly surveillance programme the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity Authority (MAFBA) does not undertake active surveillance programmes for high impact exotic pests of horticulture and agriculture This is seen as a potentially significant deficiency The National Plant Pest Reference Laboratory (NPPRL) was commissioned by MAFBA to conduct pilot surveys of twelve high impact exotic pests to determine the resources required to plan carry out field surveys and conduct laboratory identifications The surveys were statistically designed to enable early pest detection and hence maximise the probability of pest eradication Pest selection was based on pest reputation biology epidemiology and the use of various diagnostic techniques to provide a variety of potential scenarios This paper presents details of the sampling statistical methods and resources that were used to compile information on active surveillance programmes for each pest

Pregnancy-associated listeriosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
pp. 1503-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. JACKSON ◽  
M. IWAMOTO ◽  
D. SWERDLOW
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The U.S ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARYInfection by Listeria monocytogenes in pregnant women may result in fetal loss or invasive disease in the newborn. We examined listeriosis cases reported through the U.S. Listeria Initiative during 2004–2007. Cases were classified as pregnancy-associated if illness occurred in a pregnant woman or an infant aged <28 days. Of 758 reported Listeria cases, 128 (16·9%) were pregnancy-associated. Maternal infection resulted in four neonatal deaths and 26 (20·3%) fetal losses. Invasive illnesses in newborns (n=85) were meningitis (32·9%) and sepsis (36·5%). Pregnant women with Listeria were more likely to report Hispanic ethnicity (52·8% vs. 25·6%, respectively; OR 3·3 95% CI 2·2–4·8) than mothers giving live birth in the USA during 2005 and were more likely to report consumption of Mexican-style cheese (OR 2·6, 95% CI 1·6–4·2) than were non-pregnant patients with Listeria infection. Pregnant woman comprised a considerable proportion of reported listeriosis cases. Further declines in pregnancy-associated listeriosis will require education about avoiding high-risk foods, and continued regulatory and industry efforts to decrease Listeria in foods.

Extent and nature of advertising in leading hematology-oncology journals

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6634-6634
Author(s):  
D. Sieber ◽  
J. A. Lee ◽  
J. K. Keller ◽  
M. A. Mathiason ◽  
R. S. Go
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Drug Advertising ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Affect Patient Care

6634 Background: Advertising in most medical journals is dominated by pharmaceuticals in part due to journal policy. This is primarily a fiscal consideration. Because advertising clearly influence physicians’ prescribing pattern, an indirect conflict of interest exists and may potentially affect patient care. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the extent of advertising in leading hematology-oncology (HO) journals published in the U.S. and to compare the findings to those of multi-specialty journals. Methods: We evaluated the following high impact journals that publish original research and included all issues issued in 2006: Journal of National Cancer Institute (JNCI), Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO), Blood, New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and Annals of Internal Medicine (AIM). Of these, only JNCI (currently not affiliated with U.S. NCI) is not owned by a medical society. The number and nature of advertising for each journal were collected. Results: There was an average of 84, 283, and 459 pages for each issue of JNCI, JCO, and Blood, respectively. Overall, HO journals allocated 20% (range, 8–32) of their pages for advertising. JCO had the most, while JNCI the least, advertising, both classified (6% vs 1% vs 1%; P = 0.001) and non-classified (26% vs 10% vs 7%; P = 0.001). Among non- classified advertising, the major categories were drugs (48.5%), journal information (14.1%), conference announcements (10.1%), research/clinical trial (7%), disease information (6.4%), continuing medical education (3.6%), and others (10.3%). Among journals, JCO had the most drug advertising (72.5%), followed by Blood (65.6%), while JNCI did not have any (0%). Compared to multi-specialty journals, HO journals had less amount of classified (3% [range, 1–6] vs 15% [range, 10–19]; P = 0.001) and non-classified (17% [range, 7–26] vs 21% [range, 18–25]; P = 0.001) advertising. Conclusions: While less than their multi-specialty counterparts, HO journals allocated a substantial proportion of their pages to advertising, the overwhelming majority of which were sponsored by pharmaceutical companies. The extent of advertising varied by journal, but was most prominent with JCO. Notably, JNCI did not have any drug advertising. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury causes synergistic effects on mortality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M Willes ◽  
Tori R Krcmarik ◽  
Alexander E Daughtry ◽  
Douglas J Brusich
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Critical Number ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Injury Causes ◽  
The U.S

AbstractRepetitive mild TBI (rmTBI) events are common in the U.S. However, rmTBI is challenging to study and this contributes to a poor understanding of mechanistic bases for disease following these injuries. We used fruit flies (D. melanogaster) and a modified version of the high-impact trauma (HIT) method of TBI to assess the pattern of mortality observed after rmTBI. We found that the pattern of mortality was synergistic after a critical number of injuries, similar to that observed previously at more moderate levels of TBI severity. The identity of cellular and molecular factors which contribute to the synergistic effect on mortality remain unknown, but this model offers a platform for investigation into such factors.

A national survey of radiation oncologists and urologists on active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4657-4657
Author(s):  
Simon P. Kim ◽  
R. Jeffrey Karnes ◽  
Paul Linh Nguyen ◽  
Bradley C. Leibovich ◽  
Jeanette Y. Ziegenfuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Radiation Oncologists ◽  
Risk Prostate Cancer ◽  
Low Risk Prostate Cancer ◽  
The U.S

4657 Background: While active surveillance (AS) is well recognized as an acceptable treatment strategy for low-risk prostate cancer (PC), the extent to which radiation oncologists and urologists perceive AS as effective and routinely recommend it to patients is unknown. Therefore, we sought to assess the attitudes and treatment recommendations for low-risk PC from a national survey of PC specialists. Methods: A mail survey was sent to a population-based sample of 1,439 physicians in the U.S. from late 2011 and early 2012. Physicians were queried about their attitudes regarding AS and treatment recommendations for patients diagnosed with low-risk PC (PSA<10 ng/dl; T1c; Gleason 6 in one of twelve cores). Pearson Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used to test for differences in attitudes and treatment recommendations by physician demographics, compensation structure, primary place of employment, and specialty. Results: Overall, 321 radiation oncologists and 322 urologists completed the survey for a 45% response rate. Most physicians reported that AS is effective for low-risk PC (71%) and stated that they were comfortable routinely recommending AS (67%). Urologists were more likely to agree that AS is effective (77% vs. 67%; p=0.005) and were comfortable recommending AS (74% vs. 61%; p=0.001) compared with radiation oncologists. Most physicians recommended radical prostatectomy (47%) or radiation therapy (32%), but fewer endorsed AS (21%) for low-risk disease. After adjusting for physician covariates, radiation oncologists were more likely to recommend radiation therapy (OR: 10.97; p<0.001), while urologists were more likely to recommend surgery (OR: 4.69; p<0.001) and AS (OR: 2.18; p=0.001) for low-risk PC. Conclusions: Although AS is widely viewed as effective by both radiation oncologists and urologists, most urologists continue to recommend surgery, while most radiation oncologists recommend radiation therapy. Our results may explain in part the relatively low contemporary use of AS in the U.S.

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