Manual Shunt Connector Tool to Aid in No-Touch Technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Y Lai ◽  
Pascal Voyer-Nguyen ◽  
Thomas Looi ◽  
James M Drake ◽  
Brian W Hanak
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Surgical Tools ◽  
Shunt Catheter ◽  
Microscopic Damage ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Assembly Tool ◽  
Shunt Infections ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Given the morbidity and cost associated with cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections, many neurosurgical protocols implement “no-touch” technique to minimize infection. However, current surgical tools are not designed specifically for this task and surgeons often resort to using their hands to connect the shunt catheter to the valve. OBJECTIVE To develop an efficient and effective shunt assembly tool. METHODS Prototypes were designed using computer assisted software and machined in stainless steel. The amount of time and number of attempts it took volunteers to connect a Bacticel shunt catheter to a Delta valve were recorded using the new tool and standard shodded mosquitos. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done on manipulated catheters to assess potential damage. Practicing neurosurgeons provided feedback. RESULTS Nonsurgeon (n = 13) volunteers and neurosurgeons (n = 6) both completed the task faster and with fewer attempts with the new tool (mean 7.18 vs 15.72 s and 2.00 vs 6.36 attempts, P < .0001; mean 2.93 vs 5.96 s and 1.06 vs 2.94 attempts, P < .001, respectively). SEM of 24 manipulated catheters showed no microscopic damage. 100% of neurosurgeons surveyed (n = 10) would adapt the tool in their practice, 90% preferred use of the new tool compared to their existing method, and 100% rated it easier to use compared to existing instruments. CONCLUSION The new tool shortened the time and number of attempts to connect a shunt catheter to a valve. Neurosurgeons preferred the new tool to existing instruments. There was no evidence of catheter damage with the use of this tool.

Biomimetic Crack Sensors Using Electrohydrodynamic Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3773-3778
Author(s):  
Keon-Young Kim ◽  
Se-Min Jeong ◽  
Chang-Yull Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Grid Structure ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Impact Tester ◽  
Microscopic Damage ◽  
Pet Substrate ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper proposes a new mechanism for detecting microscopic damage of structures based on imitating the sensory organs of spiders. Therefore, it is essential to manufacture sensors that can react sensitively to the micro deformations of structures. Numerous cracks were intentionally generated to improve the sensitivity of the proposed sensor, and an increase in the gap of the crack was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Electrohydrodynamic technology is used to detect deformations in a structure of depositing Ag nano paste on a polyethylene terephtha-late (PET) substrate. Ag nano lines are also observed by SEM images. The sensor is constructed as a grid structure, by forming layers patterned horizontally and vertically. An impact tester is used to verify the mechanism for structural health monitoring using the developed sensor. The resistance changes of the sensors are applied to estimate the structure’s damaged location. The intersections of the lines with varying resistance can be used to accurately detect crack initiation. The proposed mechanism is a powerful methodology for estimating and detecting microscopic deformations and damage to structures.

Localization of Silver in the Spleen of Argyric Rats by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis Coupled with Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 504-506
Author(s):  
G. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Reticular Cell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Previous electron microscopic observations of the spleen have revealed the white pulp to be completely separated from the extravasated blood in the surrounding marginal zone by a strategically-located, double layer of reticular cells ensheathing a coarse reticular fiber. Similarly, a single reticular cell layer has been observed to form a continuous investment for all white pulp capillaries. To test the significance of this apparent isolation of the splenic white pulp from the blood, the distribution and composition of silver deposits in the spleen of argyric rats were determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy coupled with computer-assisted x-ray analysis.Young male albino rats were made argyric by supplying them for many months with drinking water to which 1.5gm per liter of silver nitrate had been added. Specimens from the spleens of control and argyric animals were prepared for conventional transmission electron microscopy by glutaraldehyde-osmium fixation. For scanning electron microscopy, other specimens were fixed in buffered glutaraldehyde, freeze-dried in vacuo, coated with a thin film of gold- palladium and examined in a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II.

Quantitative Analysis of Electromigration Damage in Al-based Conductor Lines

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2027-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kraft ◽  
J. E. Sanchez ◽  
M. Bauer ◽  
E. Arzt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Diffusion Length ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Applied Current Density ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Microscopic Damage ◽  
Damage Processes ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Scanning Electron

Electromigration damage in Al-based interconnects with three compositions (pure Al, Al–1%Si–0.5%Cu, and Al–2%Cu) was studied quantitatively. Using scanning electron microscopy, the spacings between more than 1000 voids and hillocks were measured. The distribution of the spacings was found to be a function of the composition, the applied current density, and the linewidth. The measurements confirm the existence of a threshold product of current density and diffusion length. In particular, a dependence of this threshold product on the Cu content was found. The results of the analysis show that there are clear correlations between the details of the microscopic damage processes and the lifetime of the conductor lines.

Morphometry characterisation of European eel spermatozoa with computer-assisted spermatozoa analysis and scanning electron microscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1302-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Marco-Jiménez ◽  
L. Pérez ◽  
M.P. Viudes de Castro ◽  
D.L. Garzón ◽  
D.S. Peñaranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Scanning Electron

Investigation of the tridimensional ultrastructure of rat glomerular capillary endothelium by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
P.J. Lea ◽  
R.J. Temkin ◽  
T. Banoub ◽  
M. Silverman ◽  
M.J. Hollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Glomerular Capillary ◽  
Kidney Glomerulus ◽  
Scanning Electron

The principal applications of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to renal ultrastructure have been in the study of the surface topography of various kidney cell types and their orientation and distribution in both health and disease. SEM study, however, has been limited in a major way by a lack of resolution sufficient to readily examine in detail and in three dimensions such features as glomerular basement membrane substructure and the structural organization at high magnification of the glomerular, capillary endothelium. Consequently, most of our current information about the 3D ultrastructure of rat kidney glomerulus has been obtained from transmission electron (TEM) micrographs obtained from thin sections cut at various planes followed by computer assisted, serial reconstructions. Recent advances in specimen preparation techniques and scanning electron microscope design have permitted ultrastructural examination of the glomerular capillary wall in three dimensions using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). Specimens in which the cytosol and cytoskeleton have been extracted, but cell membranes nuclear structures and organelles left in place, were studied using a Hitachi SEM with a resolution of approximately 3 nm.

Spatial and temporal thyrocyte response to TSH: a computer-assisted image analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. E231-E238
Author(s):  
C. Penel ◽  
J. Mauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Distribution ◽  
Computer Assisted Image ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Tsh Stimulation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pseudopods at the apical pole of porcine thyroid monolayers in culture were considered as reflecting individual thyrocyte responses to thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation. Scanning electron microscopy and computer-assisted image analysis showed that whatever TSH stimulation was used, the pseudopods were characterized by two populations: P1 with small diameters (2 microns) and P2 with greater diameters (5 microns). The density of P1 rapidly increased to reach a plateau, while P2 continuously increased during stimulation. Two-dimensional pseudopod patterns were compared with random point distributions by means of two topographical parameters: the interpseudopod distances and angles. A factorial analysis of experimental distribution of pseudopods obtained after increasing stimulation times displayed a shift from a nonrandom (10-20 min) to a random (60-90 min) distribution. Clusters of three pseudopods characterized by short distances (6-9 microns) and equilateral organization (angles 40-60 degrees) were observed after a 10-min stimulation. These results suggested that early thyrocyte response to TSH stimulation is characterized by interrelations between three adjoining cells, with the thyrocyte response later appearing as random.

Morphological Changes while Growing Nickel Monosilicide Nanowires

2004 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joondong Kim ◽  
Wayne A. Anderson ◽  
Elena A. Guliants ◽  
Christopher E. Bunker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thermal Heating ◽  
Low Temperature Processing ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTNickel monosilicide (NiSi) nanowires (NWs) have been fabricated in a DC magnetron system by the Metal Induced Growth (MIG) method. The NW growing stages were sequentially observed by scanning electron microscopy. Deposited Ni on SiO2 coated Si wafers has been first grooved and agglomerated by thermal heating at 575 °C. In the sputtering procedure, Ni as a catalyst reacted with sputtered Si forming clusters. Nanowires were grown in the same directions on each cluster. Raman spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy indicated the NW composition as NiSi. The linear propagating property of NWs was used to form self-assembled nanobridges (NBs) in trenched Si wafers. The affinity of NWs can be used on various substrate materials with less thermal damage. NiSi composed MIG-NBs are promising candidates as nanoscale contacts due to the features of low resistivity and low temperature processing giving less potential damage on fabricated structures.

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