scholarly journals Emerging Technologies in Spinal Surgery: Ultra-Low Radiation Imaging Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S39-S45
Author(s):  
Mark A Pacult ◽  
Corey T Walker ◽  
Jakub Godzik ◽  
Jay D Turner ◽  
Juan S Uribe
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Radiation Emission ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Reduce Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Imaging ◽  
Eos Imaging

Abstract BACKGROUND Spine surgery has seen tremendous growth in the past 2 decades. A variety of safety, practical, and market-driven needs have spurred the development of new imaging technologies as necessary tools for modern-day spine surgery. Although current imaging techniques have proven satisfactory for operative needs, it is well-known that these techniques have negative consequences for operators and patients in terms of radiation risk. Several mitigating techniques have arisen in recent years, ranging from lead protection to radiation-reducing protocols, although each technique has limits. A hitherto-problematic barrier has been the fact that efforts to diminish radiation emission come at the cost of reduced image quality. OBJECTIVE To describe new ultra-low radiation imaging modalities that have the potential to drastically reduce radiation risk and minimize unacceptable adverse effects. METHODS A literature review was performed of articles and studies that used either of 2 ultra-low radiation imaging modalities, the EOS system (EOS-Imaging S.A., Paris, France) and LessRay (NuVasive, San Diego, CA). RESULTS Both ultra-low radiation imaging modalities reduce radiation exposure in the preoperative and perioperative settings. EOS provides 3-dimensional reconstructive capability, and LessRay offers intraoperative tools that facilitate spinal localization and proper visual alignment of the spine. CONCLUSION These novel radiation-reducing technologies diminish patient and surgeon exposure, aid the surgeon in preoperative planning, and streamline intraoperative workflow.

scholarly journals Flow velocity quantification by exploiting the principles of the Doppler effect and magnetic particle imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Pantke ◽  
Florian Mueller ◽  
Sebastian Reinartz ◽  
Fabian Kiessling ◽  
Volkmar Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Magnetic Particle ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Velocity Estimation ◽  
Magnetic Particle Imaging ◽  
Measurable Velocity ◽  
Depth Dependency ◽  
Particle Imaging

AbstractChanges in blood flow velocity play a crucial role during pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Imaging techniques capable of assessing flow velocities are clinically applied but are often not accurate, quantitative, and reliable enough to assess fine changes indicating the early onset of diseases and their conversion into a symptomatic stage. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) promises to overcome these limitations. Existing MPI-based techniques perform velocity estimation on the reconstructed images, which restricts the measurable velocity range. Therefore, we developed a novel velocity quantification method by adapting the Doppler principle to MPI. Our method exploits the velocity-dependent frequency shift caused by a tracer motion-induced modulation of the emitted signal. The fundamental theory of our method is deduced and validated by simulations and measurements of moving phantoms. Overall, our method enables robust velocity quantification within milliseconds, with high accuracy, no radiation risk, no depth-dependency, and extended range compared to existing MPI-based velocity quantification techniques, highlighting the potential of our method as future medical application.

scholarly journals The accuracy of diagnostic Imaging techniques in patients with a suspected Fracture-related Infection (IFI) trial: study protocol for a prospective multicenter cohort study.

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e027772 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAM Govaert ◽  
MGG Hobbelink ◽  
IHF Reininga ◽  
P Bosch ◽  
TC Kwee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Imaging Strategy

IntroductionThe optimal diagnostic imaging strategy for fracture-related infection (FRI) remains to be established. In this prospective study, the three commonly used advanced imaging techniques for diagnosing FRI will be compared. Primary endpoints are (1) determining the overall diagnostic performances of white blood cell (WBC) scintigraphy, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with suspected FRI and (2) establishing the most accurate imaging strategy for diagnosing FRI.Methods and analysisThis study is a non-randomised, partially blinded, prospective cohort study involving two level 1 trauma centres in The Netherlands. All adult patients who require advanced medical imaging for suspected FRI are eligible for inclusion. Patients will undergo all three investigational imaging procedures (WBC scintigraphy, FDG-PET and MRI) within a time frame of 14 days after inclusion. The reference standard will be the result of at least five intraoperative sampled microbiology cultures, or, in case of no surgery, the clinical presence or absence of infection at 1 year follow-up. Initially, the results of all three imaging modalities will be available to the treating team as per local protocol. At a later time point, all scans will be centrally reassessed by nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists who are blinded for the identity of the patients and their clinical outcome. The discriminative ability of the imaging modalities will be quantified by several measures of diagnostic accuracy.Ethics and disseminationApproval of the study by the Institutional Review Board has been obtained prior to the start of this study. The results of this trial will be disseminated by publication of peer-reviewed manuscripts, presentation in abstract form at scientific meetings and data sharing with other investigators through academically established means.Trial registration numberThe IFI trial is registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR7490).

scholarly journals Diabetes, Obesity, and Inflammation: Impact on Clinical and Radiographic Features of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2757
Author(s):  
Braden Miller ◽  
Hunter Chalfant ◽  
Alexandra Thomas ◽  
Elizabeth Wellberg ◽  
Christina Henson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making

Obesity, diabetes, and inflammation increase the risk of breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women. One of the mainstays of breast cancer treatment and improving outcomes is early detection through imaging-based screening. There may be a role for individualized imaging strategies for patients with certain co-morbidities. Herein, we review the literature regarding the accuracy of conventional imaging modalities in obese and diabetic women, the potential role of anti-inflammatory agents to improve detection, and the novel molecular imaging techniques that may have a role for breast cancer screening in these patients. We demonstrate that with conventional imaging modalities, increased sensitivity often comes with a loss of specificity, resulting in unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. Obese women have body size limitations that impair image quality, and diabetes increases the risk for dense breast tis-sue. Increased density is known to obscure the diagnosis of cancer on routine screening mammography. Novel molecu-lar imaging agents with targets such as estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), pyrimi-dine analogues, and ligand-targeted receptor probes, among others, have potential to reduce false positive results. They can also improve detection rates with increased resolution and inform therapeutic decision making. These emerg-ing imaging techniques promise to improve breast cancer diagnosis in obese patients with diabetes who have dense breasts, but more work is needed to validate their clinical application.

scholarly journals Role of Imaging in Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19: A Multiorgan Multimodality Imaging Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinithra Varadarajan ◽  
Mahsima Shabani ◽  
Bharath Ambale Venkatesh ◽  
Joao A. C. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Radiologic Findings

In this pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a vast proportion of healthcare resources, including imaging tools, have been dedicated to the management of affected patients; yet, the frequent reports of unknown presentations and complications of disease over time have been changing the usual standard of care and resource allocation in health centers. As of now, we have witnessed multisystemic symptoms requiring the collaboration of different clinical teams in COVID-19 patients' care. Compared to previous viral pandemics, imaging modalities are now playing an essential role in the diagnosis and management of patients. This widespread utility of imaging modalities calls for a deeper understanding of potential radiologic findings in this disease and identifying the most compatible imaging protocol with safety precautions. Although initially used for respiratory tract evaluation, imaging modalities have also been used for cardiovascular, neurologic, and gastrointestinal evaluation of patients with COVID-19. In this narrative review article, we provide multimodality and multisystemic review of imaging techniques and features that can aid in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients.

Imaging Modalities

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Lateral Chest ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

The chapter titled imaging modalities describes various methods of imaging the thorax. Imaging of patients presenting with thoracic complaints typically begins with chest radiography. Ambulatory patients should undergo posteroanterior (PA) and lateral chest radiographs. Anteroposterior (AP) chest radiography should be reserved for debilitated, critically ill and traumatized patients. Special chest radiographic projections such as decubitus chest radiography may be employed for specific indications. Chest CT is the imaging study of choice for evaluating most abnormalities found on radiography. Contrast-enhanced chest CT is optimal for evaluation of vascular abnormalities, the hila and some mediastinal lesions. CT angiography is routinely employed in patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism or acute aortic syndromes. High-resolution chest CT is reserved for the evaluation of diffuse infiltrative lung disease and often includes expiratory and prone imaging. FDG PET/CT is increasingly employed in the assessment of patients with malignancy for the purposes of initial staging and post therapy re-staging of affected patients. Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy is used in the assessment of pulmonary thromboembolism. Additional thoracic imaging techniques include: Fluoroscopy for evaluation of the diaphragm, and ultrasound for evaluation of the thyroid and the pleural space.

scholarly journals Hand-Held Stereovision System for Image Updating in Open Spine Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-470
Author(s):  
Xiaoyao Fan ◽  
Maxwell S Durtschi ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Linton T Evans ◽  
Songbai Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Surgical Navigation ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Fiducial Markers ◽  
Image Pair ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Surgical Field

Abstract BACKGROUND Image guidance in open spinal surgery is compromised by changes in spinal alignment between preoperative images and surgical positioning. We evaluated registration of stereo-views of the surgical field to compensate for vertebral alignment changes. OBJECTIVE To assess accuracy and efficiency of an optically tracked hand-held stereovision (HHS) system to acquire images of the exposed spine during surgery. METHODS Standard midline posterior approach exposed L1 to L6 in 6 cadaver porcine spines. Fiducial markers were placed on each vertebra as “ground truth” locations. Spines were positioned supine with accentuated lordosis, and preoperative computed tomography (pCT) was acquired. Spines were re-positioned in a neutral prone posture, and locations of fiducials were acquired with a tracked stylus. Intraoperative stereovision (iSV) images were acquired and 3-dimensional (3D) surfaces of the exposed spine were reconstructed. HHS accuracy was assessed in terms of distances between reconstructed fiducial marker locations and their tracked counterparts. Level-wise registrations aligned pCT with iSV to account for changes in spine posture. Accuracy of updated computed tomography (uCT) was assessed using fiducial markers and other landmarks. RESULTS Acquisition time for each image pair was <1 s. Mean reconstruction time was <1 s for each image pair using batch processing, and mean accuracy was 1.2 ± 0.6 mm across 6 cases. Mean errors of uCT were 3.1 ± 0.7 and 2.0 ± 0.5 mm on the dorsal and ventral sides, respectively. CONCLUSION Results suggest that a portable HHS system offers potential to acquire accurate image data from the surgical field to facilitate surgical navigation during open spine surgery.

Navigated 3-Dimensional Intraoperative Ultrasound for Spine Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. e155-e169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Saß ◽  
Miriam Bopp ◽  
Christopher Nimsky ◽  
Barbara Carl
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Intraoperative Ultrasound ◽  
3 Dimensional
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document