scholarly journals Policy and Regulatory Challenges of Distributed Ledger Technology and Digital Assets in Asia

Cryptoassets ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 263-306
Author(s):  
Douglas Arner ◽  
Ross P. Buckley ◽  
Dirk Zetzsche ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Anton N. Didenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Speculative Bubbles ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Initial Coin Offerings ◽  
Digital Assets

Since the launch of Bitcoin in 2009, cryptocurrencies and their underlying blockchain technology have risen to global attention. It is now clear Bitcoin and a number of other cryptocurrencies were the focus of one of the largest speculative bubbles in history. This chapter explores blockchain, cryptocurrencies and Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), as well as policy and regulatory responses in Asia. It demystifies key aspects of blockchain systems, while also disentangling concepts that are often (incorrectly) used interchangeably, such as distributed ledgers and blockchains. The chapter provides data on total capital raised through ICOs and analyzes the distribution of ICOs by country and region. Based on this framework, it conducts a comprehensive analysis of regulatory statements and disparate policy approaches in Asian countries toward digital assets, focusing on cryptocurrencies, blockchain, and ICOs.

scholarly journals Distributed Ledger Technology Review and Decentralized Applications Development Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Claudia Antal ◽  
Tudor Cioara ◽  
Ionut Anghel ◽  
Marcel Antal ◽  
Ioan Salomie
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Peer To Peer Networks ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Digital Assets

The Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) provides an infrastructure for developing decentralized applications with no central authority for registering, sharing, and synchronizing transactions on digital assets. In the last years, it has drawn high interest from the academic community, technology developers, and startups mostly by the advent of its most popular type, blockchain technology. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of DLT analyzing the challenges, provided solutions or alternatives, and their usage for developing decentralized applications. We define a three-tier based architecture for DLT applications to systematically classify the technology solutions described in over 100 papers and startup initiatives. Protocol and Network Tier contains solutions for digital assets registration, transactions, data structure, and privacy and business rules implementation and the creation of peer-to-peer networks, ledger replication, and consensus-based state validation. Scalability and Interoperability Tier solutions address the scalability and interoperability issues with a focus on blockchain technology, where they manifest most often, slowing down its large-scale adoption. The paper closes with a discussion on challenges and opportunities for developing decentralized applications by providing a multi-step guideline for decentralizing the design and implementation of traditional systems.

Blockchain Technology as a Bridging Infrastructure Among Formal, Non-Formal, and Informal Learning Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 959-970
Author(s):  
Aras Bozkurt ◽  
Hasan Ucar
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Web 3.0 ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Formal And Informal Learning

Blockchain is an online decentralized and distributed ledger technology that has the ability to keep and track records in a safe, verifiable, and transparent manner. More significantly, it has an infrastructure that is compatible with Web 3.0, which offers great potential for lifelong learning. This chapter explains the different modalities of learning (formal, non-formal, informal), blockchain technology, and its current use in educational processes. Based on the findings, the authors suggest that blockchain technology can be used to connect and interlink different educational experiences that occur in different educational modalities, enabling us to evaluate educational processes holistically and thus promote lifelong learning through the use of cutting-edge technologies.

scholarly journals RBI Distributed Ledger Technology and Blockchain - A Future of Decentralized India

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Bhuvana R. ◽  
P. S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Central Banking ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Monetary Economy

Despite various countries getting hands-on technology such as blockchain for banking, transaction, and multiple benefits, a developing country such as India must use these technologies because of the advantages it provides in order to keep pace. In the age of digital currencies and new emerging technologies, central banking is a fast-growing topic in the monetary economy. Cryptocurrencies, blockchain, and distributed Ledger technologies appear to be feasible rivals to Fiat Currency central bank. Blockchain technology's influence behind Cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrencies have the ability to boost payments and operations by central banks and serve as a forum from which central banks could Perhaps launch their own digital currencies. RBI Indian central bank is no less important when it comes to technology that would pave the way for the new economy, enriched with technology-centric growth momentum, by increasing support from India's reserve bank and the Indian government for innovation and integrating technologies through regulatory sandboxes and various other systems. This article illustrates distributed ledger technology in the Indian context. The secondary data were obtained from various scholarly journals and websites. We have analysed distributed ledger technology, India’s move towards learning new technologies, different central banks distributed ledger project and examined blockchain technology in the Indian market using the SWOC framework as a research case study.

scholarly journals Novel Payment Wallet Management with Blockchain Based Cryptocurrency

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Payments System ◽  
Enterprise Technology ◽  
Business Application ◽  
The World ◽  
Actual Life

Blockchain for business is a new concept which enables many industries and organizations to implement even the basic of systems on foundation of blockchain technology. Using this technology, our goal is to develop a payments system that enables transfer of funds for a monetary transaction between two parties. Hyperledger is an open source community oriented effort which was made to propel cross-industry blockchain advances that were available. The Linux Foundation has it. It has partners from everywhere throughout the world , at a worldwide dimension and incorporates ventures like funding, banking, Internet of Things, supply chains, assembling and Technology. Using Blockchain for Enterprise technology, we are going to develop a new payments system that makes use of regulated cryptocurrency. Using this system, we want to create a new cryptocurrency specific to the payment portal for people to buy, sell and pay or earn rewards using this cryptocurrency. This system will majorly consist of participants and admins that will be divided based on the certificates assigned to every participant. Our implementation involves. using the fabric for creating a payment system run on the backend of blockchain technology. This will involve having a regulatory authority to maintain the cryptocurrency, ledger and authenticity of the users. Theoretically, the blockchain technology maintains anonymity for transactions. It uses a distributed ledger to record transactions for people to be able to make secure transactions without any repercussions. Blockchain for Enterprise implements Blockchain technology by using concepts like Trust, Privacy and Smart contracts in addition to the distributed ledger to create an industry friendly Blockchain business application. Blockchain is a rapidly growing field with multiple implementations which can be explored not just on anonymity but also on actual life implementations. Distributed ledger technology is applied to the payment systems. Cryptocurrency would now not only be used for anonymous transactions but also for regular day to day transactions.

Blockchain Introduced

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-59
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides an introductory explanation of Blockchain technology and how it works, concentrating on its potential for social impact. It describes the history of the development of Blockchain, which is a form of distributed ledger technology.

Use of blockchain in designing smart city

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surbhi Dewan ◽  
Latika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Wide Range

PurposeA blockchain is a shared distributed ledger technology that stores the information of every transaction in the network. The blockchain has emerged with a huge diversity of applications not only in the economic but in the non-economical domain as well. Blockchain technology promises to provide a wide range of solutions to the problems faced during implementation of smart cities. It has the potential to build smart contracts more secure, thus eliminating the need for centralized authority.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a proof-of-concept for a use case that uses an Ethereum platform to build a blockchain network to buy, sell or rent a property.FindingsThe findings of this study provide an opportunity to create novel decentralized scalable solutions to develop smart cities by enabling paperless transactions. There are enormous opportunities in this distributed ledger technology which will bring a revolutionary change in upcoming years.Originality/valueThe concept of blockchain along with smart contracts can be used as a promising technology for sharing services which is a common requirement in smart cities. All the blockchain transactions are stored in decentralized shared database. The transaction recorded in decentralized system is immutable, it cannot be altered and hence chance of forgery is negligible.

scholarly journals Using RFID to identify smart products on a blockchain enabled production network

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sándor Csikós ◽  
György Czifra ◽  
József Sárosi
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Distributed Database ◽  
Production Network ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Smart Products ◽  
New Challenges

Industry 4.0 requires the cooperation of several technologies. The intersections of these technologies present us with new challenges. One of these challenges is identification, since we have to identify all the items that are on the network that do work and those that are worked upon. If we fail to identify one of these items the network is presented with an unidentified potentially malicious device or a misidentified product which can cause production to halt. Blockchains or otherwise known as Distributed Ledger Technology, DLT for short is a technology that builds upon the current bookkeeping paradigm and expands it in a decentralized direction. This however can be used in more than just banking since it is essentially a distributed database that has memory of past events not just the current state. By using a blockchain based distributed database to hold processing details and using RFID-s as keys to certain entries in the database it is possible to build a tamper proof production system that can handle the challenges of industry 4.0. It may also be possible to use blockchain technology as a form of digital paper trail that can be used to validate messages sent to the nodes of the system.

scholarly journals Sustainable Public Spending Through Blockchain

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Judit Glavanits
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Industrial Use

Blockchain technology and its industrial use cases can be detected worldwide. It is time for the state to think about the blockchain as an opportunity to reduce costs and build trust in the public spending. The paper and the presentation give an overview on how the state can apply the distributed ledger technology (DLT) and blockchain technology in the public administration: there are several countries with best practices already, and even more are in the introduction phase of opening to Industry 4.0 in the public services as well. On the field of FinTech area the state has great responsibility to regulate (or at least define) the phenomena of cryptocurrencies, that is already in use for more than 10 years now without any responsible governmental acts. Within this topic the Central Bank Digital Currency projects are also discussed in the paper, which are supported by IMF, and declared as the next natural step forward on financial markets. Keywords: blockchain, DLT, SDG, public spending

scholarly journals Measuring Throughput and Latency Distributed Ledger Technology: Hyperledger

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Riko Herwanto ◽  
Hari Sabita ◽  
Fajrin Armawan
Keyword(s):  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Measuring Outcomes ◽  
Run Time

In this paper, we report the measuring outcomes of Hyperledger, a Distributed Ledger, which is the derivation Blockchain Technology. A technique to evaluate Hyperledger in a limited infrastructure is developed. The measured infrastructure consists of 8 nodes with a load of up to 20000 transactions/second. Hyperledger constantly runs all evaluation, namely, for 20,000 transactions, the run time 74.30s, latency 73.40ms latency, and 257 tps. This initial evaluation can provide an overview for practitioners in making choices about the adoption of blockchain technology in their IT systems.

scholarly journals Framework Standards for the Use of Distributed Ledgers in the System of Social and Labor Relations: an Ecosystem Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 944-949
Author(s):  
R. A. Dolzhenko ◽  
◽  
I. P. Chelak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
The Russian Federation

The use of blockchain technology is one of the most promising areas in the development of the digital economy. The high potential of its applicability, obvious benefits from reducing the number of transactions and cutting costs mean that the implementation of blockchain technology is inevitable in social and labor relations (SLR). The impediment to this process is the absence of an established institutional environment that would determine uniform characteristics of the technology, language, ontology, and principles of using distributed ledgers. The purpose of this study is to develop recommendations for establishing framework standards for the application of blockchain technology in SLR. The ecosystem approach, practical analysis and institutional synthesis are used as research methods. As a result, the study proposes a set of areas for standardization of the application of distributed ledger technology in SLR. The pool of basic standardization areas includes institutional, technological, relational (stakeholder) conditions as well as conditions for ensuring security. Analysis of the national project (program) “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” identified areas for developing standards for the use of blockchain technology in SLR. In addition, the study described serious risks and obstacles to the implementation of digital technologies in this sphere of economic relations.

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