Postlude

Art Scents ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 307-314
Author(s):  
Larry Shiner

There are certain places on California’s Central Coast where the scent from stands of eucalyptus can penetrate your car even with the windows closed, although the smell is so inviting you are tempted to open them a bit.1 You can have equally interesting scent experiences driving east through the California and Nevada deserts after a rain when you can inhale the pungent smell of sage and creosote bush. Or consider the fact that sometimes you can smell rain before it comes, first from the ozone in the air produced by electrical discharges, and then, especially if you are in arid regions, from the smell of geosmin released from the earth. As Cynthia Barnett points out, you can inhale an especially intense version of earth odors in some rural areas of India, West Africa, or Australia that experience the climatic extremes of months of no rain followed by stretches of monsoon. Back in 1964 two Australian scientists discovered that a major source of this odor were geosmin, a soil-dwelling bacteria, and terpenes secreted by plants. These kinds of molecules are absorbed by rock and clay during hot dry periods, building up great quantities that are then released by the sudden rise in humidity. The scientists nicknamed the smell “petrichor,” from ...

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leyva-Haro ◽  
◽  
R. Del Rio-Salas ◽  
V. Moreno-Rodriguez ◽  
F. Camacho-Cañez ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Peter O. O. Ottuh ◽  

The popular edible fruit called kola nut that is found all over the Earth is native to the people of West Africa. In Idjerhe (Jesse) culture, the kola nut is part of the people’s traditional religious activities and spirituality. The presentation, breaking, and eating of the kola nut signifies hospitality, friendship, love, mutual trust, manliness, peace, acceptance, happiness, fellowship, and communion with the gods and spirits. These socio-religious values of the kola nut among the Idjerhe people are not well documented,however, and this paper aims to fill the lacuna. It employs participatory observation and oral interviews, supported by a critical review of scholarly literature on the subject. The research posits that churches can use the kola nut as a Eucharistic element that would be meaningful and indigenous to the Idjerhe people.


Author(s):  
Jehad Ighbareyeh

 Jericho is an ancient Canaanite Palestinian city and one of the oldest cities in history, which dates back to more than 10.000 BC (Stone Age). It is located near to the Jordan River, north of the Dead Sea, and north of Jerusalem. Moreover, it considered the lowest area in the earth and has a unique climatic zone. during the study period (1975-1995), was utilized the Salvador Rivas Martinez scale to classify the bioclimate of the earth to analysis the climate and bioclimate data, which was obtained from one station from Palestinian Meteorology Department (Jericho station). The results revealed that the mean monthly temperature was 22.4 0C, mean maximum temperature was 34.8 0C, mean monthly minimum temperature was 15.3 0C, the value of the annual ombrothermic index was 0.6, the compensated thermicity index is very high around 1209/1209 and the simple continentality index was 16.7. The bioclomate of Jericho is located within the zones of the thermal model under the inframediterranean basin, the dry and arid regions. Jericho is belong to Mediterranean desertic-oceanic, the latitudinal belt as subtropical, while continentality is oceanic-low eu-oceanic.


2019 ◽  
pp. 143-168
Author(s):  
Annette K. Joseph-Gabriel

Aoua Kéita’s autobiography Femme d’Afrique: La vie d’Aoua Kéita racontée par elle-même expands the scholarship on African women’s feminist networks to include collective resistance and community formation by women in rural areas. Reading Kéita’s autobiography alongside works by Ousmane Sembène highlights rural women’s roles at the forefront of anticolonial struggle in West Africa and their strategies of resistance that hinged primarily on transgressive mobility. Through marches, protests and occupying space, women in rural communities worked to reverse colonial dispossession of land and the erasure of their contributions to public life.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (257) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz W. Gäggeler ◽  
Leonhard Tobler ◽  
Margit Schwikowski ◽  
Theo M. Jenk

Abstract210Pb is an environmental radionuclide with a half-life of 22.3 years, formed in the atmosphere via radioactive decay of radon (222Rn). 222Rn itself is a noble gas with a half-life of 3.8 days and is formed via radioactive decay of uranium (238U) contained in the Earth crust from where it constantly emanates into the atmosphere. 210Pb atoms attach to aerosol particles, which are then deposited on glaciers via scavenging with fresh snow. Due to its half-life, ice cores can be dated with this radionuclide over roughly one century, depending on the initial 210Pb activity concentration. Optimum 210Pb dating is achieved for cold glaciers with no – or little – influence by percolating meltwater. This paper presents an overview which not only includes dating of cold glaciers but also some special cases of 210Pb applications in glaciology addressing temperate glaciers, glaciers with negative mass balance, sublimation processes on glaciers in arid regions, determination of annual net snow accumulation as well as glacier flow rates.


2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4091-4094
Author(s):  
Yan Ming Zhang ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Song Jin ◽  
Cun Yu Li ◽  
Yu Xin Li ◽  
...  

As agriculture's impact on the Earth has been amplified by industrial farming, the functioning of ecosystems around the world is disruptive. The phenomena of agroecological environment are becoming worse and worse in the arid and semi-arid regions, which has become the predominant obstacle for agriculture development. Through understanding the character of perennial crops and developing them, however, would help us to deal with the multiple issues in agroecosystems, such as agroecological environmental conservation, economic benefits and so on. It also can provide multiple ecosystem services including a new solution to the long-standing problems of soil erosion and degradation associated with conventional annual small-grain cropping systems. This paper assesses the derivation of agroecology and agroecosystems, introduces the agroecological value of perennial crop, and prospects the significant utilization of perennial crop in the future.


1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Lambert

By examining three historical stages between 1914 and the late 1950s in the development of African political ideology in Francophone West Africa, this essay will explore the problem represented by the category of the colonized.1 This category, first formulated in 1961 by Frantz Fanon, has increasingly been used to revise understandings of African ideologies formed before 1960 in terms of political economy. Indeed, ever since Fanon published his polemical, The Wretched of the Earth (1968), the rage of the colonized has been naturalized in academic literature as the reaction to colonization. Yet in arguing that the rage of the peasants did not characterize the reaction of the “most completely” colonized (the elites and merchants), Fanon acknowledged that rage did not define the position of his elite predecessors. Fanon's work appeared in the twilight of the colonial era not as a dispassionate analysis but as a call to action. He intended to awaken the peasant's rage, which he considered the legitimate and local reaction to colonialism, within the elites, who did not share this attitude towards the colonizer.


2015 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Salack ◽  
B Sarr ◽  
SK Sangare ◽  
M Ly ◽  
IS Sanda ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiarui Mao ◽  
Xiqiong Xiang ◽  
Yanrong Li

Abstract. Loess is a porous, weakly cemented, and unsaturated Quaternary sediment deposited in arid and semi-arid regions by the wind. It is widely and thickly distributed in China, making the Loess Plateau the largest bulk accumulation of loess on the Earth. However, the fragile geoenvironment in the loess areas of China causes frequent and various geohazards, among which, the Cracking-sliding (Beng-hua) is a typical failure mode because it causes the largest number of casualties each year. This study investigates the development pattern and main influencing factors of cracking–sliding failure to help in effectively preventing its occurrence and reducing losses. The following conclusions are derived: (1) cracking–sliding failures are prone to occur in rectilinear slopes, convex slopes, slopes with gradients greater than 60°, slopes with heights of 5 m to 40 m, and sunward slopes with aspects of 180° to 270°; (2) cracking–sliding failures occur mostly from 9 p.m. to 4 a.m. the next day, and concentrates in the rainy season (July to September) and freeze-thaw season (March to May); and (3) the more intense the human activities in the region, the greater the possibility of cracking–sliding failures.


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