How to make music work, how to arouse emotions

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Filippo Bonini Baraldi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Professional Relationships ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Work Affect

This chapter proposes some more general thoughts on the professional activity of the Roma musicians of Ceuaş. First, the following question is addressed: How do the professional relationships that form the context of musicians’ work affect their mental representation and organization of the musical repertoire? It is claimed that Roma musicians base their approach and organization of music on its potential efficacy. The more the musicians can tailor their music to their customers’ “national,” “regional,” or “personal” preferences, the more effective their action. The chapter then focuses on how musicians arouse bittersweet emotions in their clients. This is achieved through finely calibrated “personal tunes” that bring the past alive with a rush of memories and eventually make customers cry. Finally, it is argued that during the “service” there can be moments when musicians openly express their emotions. Musicians’ emotional involvement can be interpreted either as a form of freedom, depending on the circumstances, or as an extreme form of subordination to their clients.

Exploring the Boundaries of the Number–Temporal Order Association

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Ganor-Stern
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Negative Number ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Negative Numbers ◽  
The Past

Past research has shown that numbers are associated with order in time such that performance in a numerical comparison task is enhanced when number pairs appear in ascending order, when the larger number follows the smaller one. This was found in the past for the integers 1–9 ( Ben-Meir, Ganor-Stern, & Tzelgov, 2013 ; Müller & Schwarz, 2008 ). In the present study we explored whether the advantage for processing numbers in ascending order exists also for fractions and negative numbers. The results demonstrate this advantage for fraction pairs and for integer-fraction pairs. However, the opposite advantage for descending order was found for negative numbers and for positive-negative number pairs. These findings are interpreted in the context of embodied cognition approaches and current theories on the mental representation of fractions and negative numbers.

scholarly journals The heterogeneity of mental representation: Ending the imagery debate

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (33) ◽  
pp. 10089-10092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Pearson ◽  
Stephen M. Kosslyn
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Internal Representations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Imagery Debate ◽  
Propositional Language

The possible ways that information can be represented mentally have been discussed often over the past thousand years. However, this issue could not be addressed rigorously until late in the 20th century. Initial empirical findings spurred a debate about the heterogeneity of mental representation: Is all information stored in propositional, language-like, symbolic internal representations, or can humans use at least two different types of representations (and possibly many more)? Here, in historical context, we describe recent evidence that humans do not always rely on propositional internal representations but, instead, can also rely on at least one other format: depictive representation. We propose that the debate should now move on to characterizing all of the different forms of human mental representation.

scholarly journals Franco-Prussian campaign of 1870-1871 in perception of the novice British war correspondent A. Forbes

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Aleksei Vlasov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Object Description ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Journalistic Practice

The object of this article is professional activity of the British war correspondent Archibald Forbes during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. The subject is the perception and reflection of military realities (1870-1871) by the novice journalist. The goal consists in determination of the mechanisms of perception of participants and realities of the Franco-Prussian confrontation of 1870-1871 by the British correspondent A. Forbes. Intellectual history and imagological approach comprise the methodological framework of this research. Based on the analysis of documentary evidence left by A. Forbes, which describes the events of 1870-1871, the author was able to trace the evolution of Forbes’ perception of the Franco-Prussian campaign of 1870-1871. The conclusion is made on gradual changes in Forbe’s perception and reflection of war realities. The initial admiration was replaced by the professional subject-object description. However, his stance on parties to the conflict remained unchanged. The author assumes that A. Forbes had particular personal attitudes, but his perception of the war of 1870-1871 has evolved. The acquired results may be valuable in studying journalistic practice, as well as mutual perception of European ethnoses. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive approach towards the phenomenon at hand: the author examines not only the mechanisms of perception as such, but also their transformation influenced by various factors. This research made a transition from the widespread study of biographies and activity of correspondents of the XIX century to an extensive culturological and intellectual approach in consideration of professional practice of journalists of the past.

scholarly journals The Role of the Agricultural Economist

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Marion Clawson
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
American Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Techniques ◽  
Professional Field

In the past 75 years agricultural economics as a professional field has evolved from a relatively small and fragmented group of concerns into a large professional activity, with highly developed theory, sophisticated research techniques, much data, and many outputs. Agricultural economists have developed, during the same time and as part of the same process, from a small number of pioneers, often shrewd and hardheaded men, but typically not well-trained by today's standards, into a large, well-populated, well-trained profession with many subfields. Agricultural economists today have permeated many aspects of modern American life—fact of which we boast, and one which some of our critics may deplore. How this came about, and what our role is or might be today, are the subjects of this paper.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPING PRACTICAL THINKING THE SUBJECT OF LABOR IN THE RESEARCH OF D. N. ZAVALISHINA

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
А.А. Обознов
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

Проанализирован вклад Д.Н. Завалишиной в изучение развития практического мышления субъекта труда. Отмечена социальная значимость психологических исследований развития и самореализации творческого потенциала субъекта труда в современном техногенном мире. Рассмотрены исследования Д.Н. Завалишиной, посвященные творческим аспектам практического мышления и их проявления в профессиональной деятельности. Показано, что автор рассматривает специалиста с позиций онтологического субъекта, что предполагает его соотнесение с основными отношениями к миру; с выбранными им способами существования в этих основных отношениях к миру; с событиями прошлого и будущего в его жизни. The contribution of D. N. Zavalishina to the study of the development of practical thinking of the subject of labor is analyzed. The social significance of psychological research on the development and self-realization of the creative potential of the subject of labor in the modern technogenic world is noted. D. N. Zavalishina's research on creative aspects of practical thinking and their manifestation in professional activity is considered. It is shown that the author considers the specialist from the position of an ontological subject, which implies its correlation with the main relations to the world; with the ways of existence chosen by him in these main relations to the world; with the events of the past and future in his life.

scholarly journals RELEVANT CONCEPTS OF A TEACHER’S STATE WHEN EXPERIENCING PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY CRISIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Sadovnikova ◽  
A. M. Mirzaahmedov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Successful Recovery ◽  
Personal Crisis

Introduction. Recently, a professional activity and development of a teacher has been carried out in the context of permanent changes in the education system. The necessity to adapt to innovations is accompanied by an increase in tension, in resistance and in the probability of destructive tendencies in teacher’s personality and professional crisis that can face the teacher in the process of professionalisation. A constructive resolution of crisis leads the teacher to the transition to a new stage of professional development and enrichment of his or her professional and personal potential. The non-constructive resolution of the crisis leads to stagnation of the teacher and increased destruction of the personality. In light of this, it is relevant to study the peculiarities of the teacher’s professional personality crisis and to identify the mechanisms for successful recovery from the crisis.The aim of the present article was to disclose the research results on current sense states, which teachers face when experiencing professional personal crisis. Methodology and research methods. The methodological basis of the work was the systemic and phenomenological approaches. The method of cross-sections was used as an organisational method. The collection of empirical data was carried out by means of survey methods: a phenomenological questionnaire “Experiencing a professional personality crisis” and an adapted version of the test of life-sense orientations by D. A. Leontyev. The research sample was made by teachers of secondary schools. The analysis of the results was carried out through content analysis, comparative and frequency analysis.Results and scientific novelty. Theoretical and methodological analysis of the works of foreign and domestic scientists allowed authors to form a hypothesis that the situation of crisis is followed by disagreement in consciousness of the person’s professional past, present and future. The conducted research showed that only 19%  of teachers in the state of crisis possessed the balanced temporary loci. Apparently, these respondents were at the stage of recovery from the crisis and the transformation of values and meanings in their consciousness that already occurred. Sense-bearing desynchronosis was observed among vast majority of teachers (81%), expressed in “leaving” into any of temporary loci (in the past, present or future), i.e. a kind of escape from a crisis situation, which, in turn, gave rise to decrease in meaning of life in general. The authors concluded that fragmentary perception of life timelines leads to strengthening of destructive trends in teacher’s professional development and their stagnation. Practical significance. The research materials can provide a framework for design and realisation of the programmes of psycho-pedagogical support for teachers, taking into account their feelings during professional identity crisis. 

Medical education and professionalism

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
Mark Szymankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Service Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Medical Career

Education is regarded as being universally important, even fundamental. The ability to learn (and educate) is an important part of what makes us human. However, it is often one of the first activities to be curbed – particularly in the recent climate of increased service demand and austerity. Throughout the past 15 years of my medical career, from medical student through to surgical registrar, I have seen signs of this key professional activity being slowly eroded.

scholarly journals University Medicine in Italy: an exemplary “case report” of several unresolved criticities

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Roberto Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Medicine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
University Medicine ◽  
Medical Division ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The University ◽  
Present Role

The present role, space, task, mission, function, and outcome of University Medicine in Italy are briefly examined, taking as a pure and trivial pretext the actual professional activity of single, representative physician who changed his role at the same specialistic Department of the same University Hospital, by covering an University role in the past five years, after working at the same facility as an Hospital-affiliated specialist in charge of the same Medical Division during the previous 14 years. The lights and shadows of assistential and academic medicine organisation and integration in Italy are the starting point of our preliminary observations, which may be potentially extended to the University Medicine as a whole, from an organisative, functional, and especially ergonomic point of view.

Précis ofThe Rational Imagination: How People Create Alternatives to Reality

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 439-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. J. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Recent Event ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
Fault Lines ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Central Claim

AbstractThe human imagination remains one of the last uncharted terrains of the mind. People often imagine how events might have turned out “if only” something had been different. The “fault lines” of reality, those aspects more readily changed, indicate that counterfactual thoughts are guided by the same principles as rational thoughts. In the past, rationality and imagination have been viewed as opposites. But research has shown that rational thought is more imaginative than cognitive scientists had supposed. InThe Rational Imagination,I argue that imaginative thought is more rational than scientists have imagined. People exhibit remarkable similarities in the sorts of things they change in their mental representation of reality when they imagine how the facts could have turned out differently. For example, they tend to imagine alternatives to actions rather than inactions, events within their control rather than those beyond their control, and socially unacceptable events rather than acceptable ones. Their thoughts about how an event might have turned out differently lead them to judge that a strong causal relation exists between an antecedent event and the outcome, and their thoughts about how an event might have turned out the same lead them to judge that a weaker causal relation exists. In a simple temporal sequence, people tend to imagine alternatives to the most recent event. The central claim in the book is that counterfactual thoughts are organised along the same principles as rational thought. The idea that the counterfactual imagination is rational depends on three steps: (1) humans are capable of rational thought; (2) they make inferences by thinking about possibilities; and (3) their counterfactual thoughts rely on thinking about possibilities, just as rational thoughts do. The sorts of possibilities that people envisage explain the mutability of certain aspects of mental representations and the immutability of other aspects.

Prospection, well-being and memory

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Episodic Memories

Prospection (mental representation of the future) is an aspect of imagination that has recently become a focus of attention for researchers on memory. Evidence from a variety of sources points to episodic memory and future-thinking as being very closely linked and both are connected to well-being and mental health. This article provides an overview of some key findings linking episodic memory, future-thinking and well-being. Similarities and differences between episodic memories for the past and thoughts about the future are reviewed. It is suggested that the uncertainty inherent in future-thinking implies a greater role for semantic memory in how people think about the future compared to how they remember the past. Understanding how semantic and episodic knowledge combine to create representations about the future has the potential to help elucidate ways in which people experiencing psychological distress think about the future.

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