“We’re Going to Take Our Land Back Over”

2019 ◽  
pp. 321-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Thayne
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Book Of Mormon ◽  
Peopling Of The Americas ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Nation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Catawba Indian Nation ◽  
Significant Bearing

Reading is a cultural activity, meaning that we read from a particular space and cultural positionality. An ethnography of reading, then, takes into account how one’s positionality affects one’s reading, and, concomitantly, how that reading reflects (and affects) one’s position in the world. As I argue and hope to subsequently demonstrate, Indigenous peoples read The Book of Mormon from a particular space that places them in a special, and potentially fraught, relationship to the text. Since The Book of Mormon claims to be a history of the peopling of the Americas, the stakes of interpretation are particularly high for Indigenous Americans, because, for those who accept the historicity and sacred status of The Book of Mormon as scripture, it has significant bearing on articulations of ancestry, identity, and Indigeneity. In this chapter I provide an ethnographic reading of an Indigenous woman’s reading of The Book of Mormon from the Catawba Indian Nation.

The Catawba Indians

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Bauer
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Five Civilized Tribes ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
The People ◽  
Federal Recognition ◽  
Indian Nation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Voting Age ◽  
Catawba Indian Nation

The Catawba Indian Nation of the 1750s developed from the integration of diverse Piedmont Indian people who belonged to and lived in autonomous communities along the Catawba River of North and South Carolina. Catawban-speaking Piedmont Indians experienced many processes of coalescence, where thinly populated groups joined the militarily strong Iswą Indians (Catawba proper) for protection and survival. Over twenty-five groups of Indians merged with the Iswą, creating an alliance or confederation of tribal communities. They all worked together building a unified community through kinship, traditional customs, and a shared history to form a nation, despite the effects of colonialism, which included European settlement, Indian slavery, warfare, disease, land loss, and federal termination. American settler colonialism, therefore, functions to erase and exterminate Native societies through biological warfare (intentional or not), military might, seizure of Native land, and assimilation. In spite of these challenges, the Catawbas’ nation-building efforts have been constant, but in 1960 the federal government terminated its relationship with the Nation. In the 1970s, the Catawba Indian Nation filed a suit to reclaim their land and their federal recognition status. Consequently, the Nation received federal recognition in 1993 and became the only federally recognized tribe in the state of South Carolina. The Nation has land seven miles east of the city of Rock Hill along the Catawba River. Tribal citizenship consists of 3,400 Catawbas including 2,400 citizens of voting age. The tribe holds elections every four years to fill five executive positions—Chief, Assistant Chief, Secretary/Treasurer, and two at-large positions. Scholarship on Southeastern Indians focuses less on the history of the Catawba Indian Nation and more on the historical narratives of the Five Civilized Tribes, which obscures the role Catawbas filled in the history of the development of the South. Finally, a comprehensive Catawba Nation history explains how the people became Catawba and, through persistence, ensured the survival of the Nation and its people.

Eating the World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Goucher
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Dinner Table ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Indigenous Foods

This essay follows the iguana, an indigenous genus of herbivorous lizards, to the Caribbean dinner table, from the fifteenth century to the present. Inspired by historian Jerry Bentley’s scholarly contributions to questions of cultural encounters, the essay argues for the importance of indigenous foods in complex, often ambiguous, and consistently nuanced processes of cultural interactions between indigenous peoples and transplanted Europeans, Asians, and Africans. The story of how and why the iguana consistently appeared in the region’s foodways provides a critical perspective on the history of globalization in the Atlantic world. Mapping the variety of these culinary experiences can also reveal insights into the Caribbean’s changing ecology and the role of indigenous beliefs and African interpretations in the eco-cultural encounters that reshaped the flavors and choices of the region.

scholarly journals Toponymy of Irkutsk Region as a Part of Linguocultural Space of the Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Mariya Chupanovskaya ◽  
Tatyana Maklakova ◽  
Albina Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross Language

The article deals with the toponymy of Irkutsk region as a significant component of regional linguocultural space. A brief history of the territory development is offered, as well as information on indigenous peoples due to the fact that the toponyms of Eastern Siberia date back to different language sources. The paper examines the ethno-linguistic layers of toponyms, analyses the results of cross-language contacts reflected in geographical names, and draws conclusions on cultural syncretism on the region’s territory. Authors analyze captured in Russian and foreign toponymy peculiarities of the world perception by local old residents, their attitude to a man, family, family line, flora and fauna. Value orientations of the locals are identified. On the material of official and unofficial toponyms the following phenomena of regional ethnic culture are described: ethnic unity, life, traditions, religion, rituals, and symbols.

scholarly journals Indigenous and Transnational Values in Oceania: Heritage Reappropriation, From Museums to the World Wide Web

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica De Largy Healy ◽  
Barbara Glowczewski
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Singular Values ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The People ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

What is the value of heritage? A source of explosive emotions which oppose the “value” of so-called Western expertise – history of social and human sciences and constant reevaluation of the heritage market – versus the values in “becoming” of the people who recognise themselves in this heritage and who claim it as a foundation for an alternative and better life? In this paper, we examine some of the ways in which different groups in the Pacific reinterpret their heritage in order to redefine their singular values as cultural subjectivities: individual, collective and national, diasporic or transnational in the case of some Indigenous networks (Festival of the Pacific Arts, Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, etc).

scholarly journals Indigenous Peoples’ Interaction with External World: The Principle of Free, Prior and Informed Consent

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Pavel Parshin
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Special Rights ◽  
Practical Implications

Indigenous peoples are inheritors of earlier population of their present day territories of modern states, committed to their land and traditional way of life. The world community for many decades proceeds along the path of recognition the rights of indigenous peoples, the main of which, in the author’s opinion, is the right to choose the degree and form of their integration in the modern society. Historically, the attitude towards indigenous peoples’ rights developed from recognition of their right “to be as other peoples are” to the consent to their right to be different an original. One of the main tenet ensuring the realization of their right to originality, which has important practical implications, is the principle of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) of indigenous peoples to affecting them economic and cultural activities of their dominant neighbors, as well as to more particular (including special) rights and implementation procedures resulting from them. In economic terms, it primarily concerns nature management and, especially, extraction of natural fossil and usage of biological resources, military activities, and waste disposal. The article analyzes the history of ideas about the of indigenous peoples’ rights and their legal fixation, as well as problems of interpretation of the principle of free, prior and informed consent and its implementation in various regions of the world and spheres of activity.

scholarly journals Formation of the Soviet education system among the indigenous peoples of Southern Siberia in the 1920s

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-198
Author(s):  
L. N. Aksenova ◽  
L. V. Sokolskaya ◽  
A. S. Valentonis ◽  
I. V. Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Education System ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
National Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Education

Introduction. In the era of the formation of the world educational space, historical and pedagogical studies of regional education systems acquire special relevance. Many states, while modernising their national education systems, turn to the experience of past generations in order to understand how socio-economic changes taking place around the world and in Russia can affect the education system of a particular region. The twenties of the last century in Russia is a time of searching for new types of schools, opportunities for educating and teaching the younger generation in the spirit of the new (Soviet) ideology. The peoples of South Siberia (Altai, Shors, Kumandins, Chelkans, Teleuts, Tubalars, Telengits), united in the administrative-territorial framework of the Oirot Autonomous Region and the Gorno-Shor National Region, despite the difficulties, made a significant progress in the development of school education, including the number of the national school.The aim of the present article was to study the peculiarities of the process of formation and development of the Soviet education system among the indigenous peoples of Southern Siberia in the 1920s.Methodology and research methods. The research is based on the analysed and generalised content of archival documents, scientific sources on the history of the formation of the peoples of Southern Siberia in the context of the system-historical approach. The authors of the article studied 35 documents from the funds of the Committee for Archives of the Altai Republic and the Center for the Storage of Archives of the Altai Territory. The archival documents introduced into scientific circulation made it possible to consider the process of increasing the number of national schools, providing students with textbooks in their native language, the process of training teachers from the indigenous population, taking into account the national and cultural characteristics of the region.Results and scientific novelty. Based on the study of archival materials, the authors of the article rethink the activities of the Soviet authorities to restore and create the school network of education, its development and preparation for the introduction of universal primary education among the peoples of Southern Siberia. The issue of creating a national education system in the 1920s is closely connected with the process of indigenisation, as part of the national policy of the Soviet state and with the process of transferring the local population to settled life. By the beginning of the 1930s, a network of school institutions was created in the region, which increased the percentage of literate adolescents and subsequently enrolled in primary education all children of school age. Addressing national inequalities through the development of the education system and the eradication of illiteracy in the multinational region is of undeniable interest to educational historians and teachers.Practical significance. Today, the interest of researchers in regional history has increased all over the world; therefore, the current article will be useful to readers, as the analysis of new archival documents helps to fill the gaps in the scientific literature on the establishment of the Soviet school among the indigenous peoples of southern Siberia in the 1920s. The materials of the article can be used by teachers to design the courses on the history of education in Russia and the historical study of local lore. Moreover, the presented materials can be applied in the course of the development of a modern regional educational policy.

Arctic Travelogues: Conquering the Soviet North

Films on Ice ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Sarkisova
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Film History ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Soviet Film ◽  
Indigenous Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

In this chapter Oksana Sarkisova examines the depiction of indigenous peoples in the Soviet Arctic and how these representations have changed in accordance with the ideological narrative of a communist state in the 1920s and the 1930s. Examining films both central to and outside the canon of Soviet film history, such as Dziga Vertov’s A Sixth Part of the World (1926), Vladimir Erofeev’s Beyond the Arctic Circle (1927) and Shneiderov’s Two Oceans (1933), Sarkisova uncovers a little-known history of Arctic indigenous representation, and how these representations fundamentally shifted with the end of Leninism and the beginnings of Stalinism. Sarkisova also explores the profound role played by Polar exploration in the Soviet imaginary during these years, tracing its shifting ideological underpinnings in the process.

scholarly journals Bridging the Divide between Genomic Science and Indigenous Peoples

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bette Jacobs ◽  
Jason Roffenbender ◽  
Jeff Collmann ◽  
Kate Cherry ◽  
LeManuel Lee Bitsói ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
New Science ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genomic Science

The new science of genomics endeavors to chart the genomes of individuals around the world, with the dual goals of understanding the role genetic factors play in human health and solving problems of disease and disability. From the perspective of indigenous peoples and developing countries, the promises and perils of genomic science appear against a backdrop of global health disparity and political vulnerability. These conditions pose a dilemma for many communities when attempting to decide about participating in genomic research or any other biomedical research. Genomic research offers the possibility of improved technologies for managing the acute and chronic diseases that plague their members. Yet, the history of biomedical research among people in indigenous and developing nations offers salient examples of unethical practice, misuse of data and failed promises. This dilemma creates risks for communities who decide either to participate or not to participate in genomic science research.

Alberto Santos-Dumont and Brazilian Aviation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Fernandes Cruz
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Owned Company ◽  
Getulio Vargas ◽  
Wilbur Wright

Aviation has played a unique role in the history of Brazil, beginning with the life of Alberto Santos-Dumont. Most Brazilians consider him to be the true inventor of the airplane over the North American brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright. Born in the province of Minas Gerais in 1873, he became a global celebrity in the early 1900s when he designed, built, and piloted several of his dirigibles and airplanes in Paris. He won major prizes for his aeronautical feats, such as the Deutsch de La Meurthe prize for an aerial circumnavigation of the Eiffel Tower. Santos-Dumont is a beloved national hero in Brazil. The potent symbolism of his life was often invoked in calls for the development of Brazilian aviation. Throughout the 20th century, aviation was hailed as a technological panacea for Brazil’s problems. Many Brazilians thought its development could boost homegrown industry and technology, and that aviation would in turn enable Brazil to conquer its frontiers by air. The potential to connect vast and often inaccessible territories by air was very attractive to a state with a weak grip on its frontiers. The dictatorial government of Getúlio Vargas, for instance, used propaganda and cultural programs to engender great excitement among Brazilians for the mass development of national aviation. This notion of frontier conquest by air played a major role in the development of aeronautical technology in Brazil, creating a unique history of frontier expansion and interaction with indigenous peoples. Starting in 1969, Brazil also became a major exporter of airplanes. Originally a state-owned company, the now privatized EMBRAER is one of the world’s largest aircraft manufacturers, selling military, airline and private jet aircraft around the world.

Indigenous Peoples and Cultural Survival

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla A. Day
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Cultural Survival ◽  
Living Well ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Indigenous people across the globe are struggling for the cultural survival of their families and communities. This article provides an overview of indigenous people across the world and some of the many challenges they face to keep their cultures alive and strong. Indigenous peoples live throughout the world and share many common characteristics, which are described in detail in the article. Historical and contemporary challenges affecting cultural survival are provided, including accounts of the history of colonization and some of its lasting impacts on indigenous people and their cultures. Bolivia is highlighted as a country that has embraced the “living well” concept. The article closes by encouraging people to learn about and become allies with indigenous people because, ultimately, we are all impacted by the same threats.

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