Commercial Connections

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-164
Author(s):  
Dan Bendrups

This chapter considers Rapanui music in relation to global commercial influences, especially those emanating from the United States from the 1960s onward. It reveals how Rapanui performers over two generations have made sense of global cultural influences, and how these have in turn been represented in Rapanui music. It considers the capacity for Rapanui performers to extend beyond the confines of Chilean folklore performance contexts and into mainstream global popular culture, providing key examples of groups and individuals who have achieved some level of national or international popularity. It also considers the impact of the development of a local recording industry on Rapa Nui and how Rapanui musicians have responded to sound recording opportunities.

Author(s):  
Ira Helderman

In the adopting religion approaches to Buddhist traditions explicated in this chapter, clinicians actively and openly take up Buddhist teachings, practices, and identities. Instead of treating Buddhist traditions as resources for clinical work, therapists taking adopting religion approaches sometimes frame psychotherapies as resources to aid Buddhist communities. The chapter briefly surveys the impact this has on Buddhist communities in the United States, a number of which have been established by psychotherapists. Such approaches can appear to upend a hierarchy between the religious and not-religious as clinicians characterize therapy as merely a tool to, for example, clear psychological obstacles from meditation practice. This reversal can be traced back to humanistic and transpersonal therapists of the 1960s-1970s like Abraham Maslow who, critiquing secularity and “the medical model,” remade therapeutic goals to include the activation of “human potential.” While contemporary therapists who take adopting religion approaches could be defined as fully practicing religion (some describe their psychotherapies as new hybrid Buddhist schools), this arrangement of religious/not-religious also remains unstable: the specific Buddhist traditions they adopt can themselves be characterized as secularized forms, already bereft of features coded as more “conventionally” or “self-evidently” religious (merit-making practices, propitiation of deities, etc.).


2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-300
Author(s):  
Michael De Groot

This article contends that Western Europe played a crucial and overlooked role in the collapse of Bretton Woods. Most scholars highlight the role of the United States, focusing on the impact of US balance of payments deficits, Washington’s inability to manage inflation, the weakness of the US dollar, and American domestic politics. Drawing on archival research in Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States, this article argues that Western European decisions to float their currencies at various points from 1969 to 1973 undermined the fixed exchange rate system. The British, Dutch, and West Germans opted to float their currencies as a means of protecting against imported inflation or protecting their reserve assets, but each float reinforced speculators’ expectations that governments would break from their fixed parities. The acceleration of financial globalization and the expansion of the Euromarkets in the 1960s made Bretton Woods increasingly difficult to defend.


Author(s):  
JOÃO DE PINA-CABRAL

Charles Boxer's Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415–1825, which came out nearly half a century ago, has found a readership beyond the circle of those interested in the history of Portuguese overseas expansion. Boxer was perfectly conscious, as he produced it, of the impact his essay would have. He found in the discourse of race an instrument of mediation that allowed him to continue to develop his favoured topics of research in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. The response to Boxer's book points to the highly charged atmosphere that continues to surround all debates concerning ‘race’ and, in particular, those that compare North American notions of race with those that can be observed elsewhere in the world. This chapter attempts to shed new light on what caused such a longstanding cross-cultural misinterpretation.


Author(s):  
Kirk Hawkins

Donald Trump’s victory in the US 2016 presidential election awakened many US scholars to the existence of populism. However, the study of populism is old news for political scientists in Latin America and other regions. Since at least the 1960s, scholars in these regions have dealt with key conceptual, methodological, and theoretical issues in the study of populism, covering instances of populism that have appeared since the inception of liberal, representative democracy in the late 18th century. This wealth of scholarship is an aid to mainstream scholars in the United States and other wealthy democracies as they grapple with the impact of populist forces, providing them with tools for measuring populism and for studying its causes and consequences. However, there are also lessons for scholars in regions that have studied populism much longer. This is especially true for Latin America. Senior Latin Americanists who engage with populism have a tendency to rely on older approaches and methods that have not withstood empirical tests in other regions. Some researchers are unaware that comparative, cross-regional scholarship has arrived at a rough consensus about the nature of populist ideas, and that the cross-regional study of populist discourse has moved beyond the anti-positivist bent of some early work. Thus, this bibliography walks a fine line between highlighting the foundational work of earlier scholars, particularly those studying Latin America, while introducing current Latin Americanists to the work being done outside the region. A concluding section highlights the unique scholarly contributions to the study of populism in the United States, contributions that provide an important touchstone to Latin Americanists, not to mention mainstream scholars in the United States.


Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Kimery ◽  
Samad Amirkhalkhali

This study adopts a research model based on Diffusion of Innovation Theory, online trust, and national culture. It explores the impact of culture on perceptions of and intentions to adopt electronic commerce.


2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Laresh Jayasanker

Accelerated global trade and mass immigration have brought rapid change to food culture in the United States over the past fifty years. San Francisco has been at the center of these changes. Bay Area restaurateurs Cecilia Chiang (The Mandarin) and her son Philip Chiang (P.F. Chang's), illustrate how Chinese food changed in the United States, moving out of historic Chinatowns and into the suburbs. David Brown's India House restaurant in San Francisco embodied the way Indian food was understood before the 1960s – interpreted through the lens of the British Empire. By the 2000s, Indian food had broken free of this colonial association and was available in its diverse regional variations – especially in the Bay Area suburbs fueled by the computer industry. These case studies all illustrate the impact of globalization and immigration on American food culture through the lens of San Francisco.


Author(s):  
Chiara Mazzucchelli

The crosspollination of literature and lyrics is not a new phenomenon in popular music, and classics of world literature continue to inspire songwriters who incorporate them in their art in different ways and forms. Although perhaps not yet quite recognized as a classic author, the Italian-American novelist John Fante has had an impact on popular culture and music both in Italy and in the United States. Reviewing a range of Italian and American songs that draw inspiration from Arturo Bandini, the protagonist of Fante’s saga, this essay explores the relationship among literature, music, and society through a reflection on the impact that a non-canonical American writer has on popular culture and how his ethnic experience reverberates in the singer/reader/listener’s life before earning approval from mainstream critics.


Author(s):  
Martin A. Schain

The impact of immigration on socioeconomic stability, the challenge of integration, and issues surrounding citizenship has generated the interest of scholars for years. The literature is generally focused on the challenge (rather than the benefits) of immigration for social cohesion, identity, and the well-established rules of citizenship. For social scientists and analysts in Western Europe and the United States, the destabilizing aspects of immigration appear to have largely displaced class as a way of understanding sources of political instability. Scholarly interest in questions of immigrant integration on the one hand and naturalization and citizenship on the other, first emerged in the social sciences in the 1960s. In the United States, integration and citizenship questions have often been explored in the context of race relations. In Europe, the debates on issues of citizenship have been much more influenced by questions of identity and integration. As interest grew in comparison, scholars increasingly turned their attention to national differences that crystallized around national models for integration. However, such models are not always in congruence with aspects of public policy. There are a number of research directions that scholars may consider with respect to immigrant integration, naturalization, and citizenship, such as the relationship between immigrant integration and class analysis, the careful development of theories of policy change, the role of the European Union in the policy process, and the impact of integration and citizenship on the political system.


Author(s):  
Nataliia Fedorniak ◽  

The presented material studies one of the important forms of transmission of the musical folklore tradition of Ukrainians in the United States and Canada during the XX – the beginning of the XXI centuries – sound recording, which is a component of the national spiritual experience of emigrants. Founded in the 1920s, the recording industry has been actively developed and has become a form of preservation and promotion of the traditional musical culture of Ukrainians in North America. Sound recordings created an opportunity to determine the features of its main genres, the evolution of forms, that are typical for each historical period of Ukrainians’ sedimentation on the American continent, as well as to understand the specifics of the repertoire, instruments and styles of performance. Leading record companies in the United States have recorded authentic Ukrainian folklore reconstructed on their territory by rural musicians and choirs. Arranged folklore material is represented by choral and bandura recordings, to which are added a large number of records, cassettes, CDs of vocal-instrumental pop groups and soloists, where significantly and stylistically diversely recorded secondary Ukrainian folklore (folklorism).


1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Sulayman S. Nyang

Think not of those who are slain in God’s way as Dead. Nay, theylive, finding their sustenance in the presence of their Lord;Holy Qur’an III:169 The Muslim World and the academic community in the United Stateswere shocked on the nineteenth day of Ramadan (Tuesday, May 27, 1986)when news reached them that Professor Ismail al Faruqi and his belovedwife, Lamya’, were assassinated by an intruder who broke into their homein Wyncote. Pennsylvania. This couple, whose dedication to the Islamicmessage is widely known among scholars and others working in the Muslimcommunity, played an important role in the dissemination of correctknowledge about Islam in the United States.A Palestinian by origin, Professor al Faruqi was born on January 21,1921.He attended elementary and secondary school in his native land of Palestineduring the British Mandate. After obtaining a first degree in Philosophyat the American University in Beirut, he served as the last Palestinian governorof Galilee during 1945-1948. After the creation of Israel, he migratedto the United States where he did graduate studies at Harvard and atIndiana University. His intellectual development later led him to al-Azharand McGill University.During his early years in the United States, Professor al Faruqi engagedin research on the Arab experience. One of his first books dealt with this.In the 1960s when the Muslim student population began to swell significantlyand a Muslim Student Association was formed by some dedicated youngMuslims who wanted to retain their cultural identity in the face of strongWestern cultural influences, Professor a1 Faruqi became one of thecounsellors to these young men and women searching for roots and tryingnot to be seduced from the sirat ul-Mustuqim (the path of righteousness).This involvement with the MSA was destined to be a lifelong engagement.During this period he addressed many MSA gatherings and attended manyseminars organized by the student leadership.As the number of Muslim professionals increased, Professor al-Faruqiand others began to think about Muslim professional organizations. Oneof these groups that received the attention of al Faruqi was the Associationof Muslim Social Scientists, which was founded in 1972. The founderselected al Faruqi as the first president. This organization soon emerged asthe primary intellectual vehicle in the social sciences for those Muslim scholarsand graduate students working in the American universities and colleges whowere committed to developing contemporary intellectual thought within theparadigm of Islam.By the late 1970s, Professor al-Faruqi, who had by this time earned aninternational reputation among young Muslims around the world, beganto work with the MSA and AMSS intellectual leaders on the idea of settingup an Islamic college or university. Thinking along this line led to two importantdevelopments in his life. The first was the founding of the AmericanIslamic College in Chicago which he headed but resigned from just before ...


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