scholarly journals The Role of Culture in Creative Cognition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela K.-Y. Leung ◽  
Brandon Koh
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Creative Cognition ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Different Cultures

In this chapter, we propose the complementary model of culture and creativity (CMCC) to account for three pairs of contrasting forces that characterize the manners in which individuals manage their cultural experiences and that produce impacts on creative pursuits. We theorize three bidimensional psychological processes that explain the effects of culture on creativity: (a) stereotyping versus destabilizing cultural norms, (b) fixating on one cultural mindset versus alternating between cultural frames, and (c) distancing from versus integrating cultures. We contend that a broader and diversifying cultural experience offers an impetus to break down cultural confines, to oscillate between a variety of cultural perspectives, and to synthesize a multitude of ideas from different cultures, which can bring about discernible enduring benefits to creativity. We discuss the CMCC by putting it in the perspective of the state-of-the-art empirical findings on culture and creativity.

The Role of Electrolyte’s Organic Additives in Zinc-Air Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Pourzolfaghar ◽  
Soraya Hosseini ◽  
Marziyeh Alinejad
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Zinc Air Batteries

Addition of the organic additives to the electrolyte is one of the state-of-the-art and cost-effective solutions to develop an appropriate rechargeable ZABs able to be promoted towards commercial application. In this mini review, some of the most important organic additives have been reviewed and their functions in the zinc air batteries have been investigated.

Cultural Perspectives on Parenting

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-114
Author(s):  
Judi Mesman ◽  
Rosanneke A. G. Emmen
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Appropriate Behavior ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
Majority Groups

This chapter focuses on cultural influences on parenting, examining patterns across countries, but also within countries in different ethnic groups. Whereas forms vary, two broad functions of parenting practices can be consistently identified across cultural contexts: establishing a relational bond providing safety and security in infancy (commonly referred to as attachment), and transmitting culturally appropriate behavior, knowledge, and skills throughout the childhood years. The chapter then looks at the role of culture in ethnic minority parenting, which has unique features that are different from those in ethnic majority groups. It concludes by reflecting on the state of the research field of culture and parenting, and directions for the future. Given the high cultural diversity in many urban regions in the world where professionals deal with families from all over the world, and the frequent “export” of parenting interventions from the West to other parts of the world, the field would benefit enormously from investing in mixed-methods studies examining these processes in situations where cultures meet, and where it is not immediately clear which cultural norms should prevail.

Wearable Technologies for Helping Human Thermophysiological Comfort

2018 ◽  
pp. 203-231
Author(s):  
Radostina A. Angelova
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Human Comfort ◽  
Wearable Technologies ◽  
Thermoregulatory System ◽  
Intelligent Clothing

The thermophysiological comfort is one of the aspects of the human comfort. It is related to the thermoregulatory system of the body and its reactions to the temperature of the surrounding air, activity and clothing. The aim of the chapter is to present the state of the art in the wearable technologies for helping the human thermophysiological comfort. The basic processes of body's thermoregulatory system, the role of the hypothalamus, the reactions of the body in hot and cold environment, together with the related injuries, are described. In the second part of the chapter smart and intelligent clothing, textiles and accessories are presented together with wearable devices for body's heating/cooling.

Las metafunciones de Halliday en traducción

Babel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-504
Author(s):  
Eirini Chatzikoumi
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Translator Training

Abstract This article addresses the contribution of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to translation and, specifically, the use of Halliday’s metafunctions in translation studies research. The aim is to provide the state of the art of the main findings and proposals of these studies regarding the role of metafunctions in translation and translation teaching, thus evaluating their relevance and applicability in this field. In order to achieve this, six studies were reviewed, three of them dedicated to metafunctional shifts and three to the use of metafunctions in translation teaching and evaluation. This critical bibliographic review allowed for the corroboration of the contribution of SFL to the field of translation, and for the deduction of relevant aspects for future research and teaching proposals. More precisely, the relevance of the incorporation of semantic metafunctions in translator training and evaluation is confirmed, and the possibility of a distinction between obligatory and optional metafunctional translation shifts is suggested.

Culture and Creativity in Multicultural Teams

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela K.-y. Leung ◽  
Brandon Koh ◽  
Sean T. H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Multicultural Teams ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Cultural Frames

The Complementary Model of Culture and Creativity (CMCC) puts into perspective how a culturally diverse team can become more creative than a monocultural team. The CMCC characterizes three bidimensional psychological processes that explain the effects of culture on creativity: (a) stereotyping versus destabilizing cultural norms, (b) fixating on one cultural mindset versus alternating between cultural frames, and (c) distancing from versus integrating cultures. Extant research suggested that teams with similar goals and values draw performance benefits from their ability to cooperate. However, research has also revealed that working with culturally dissimilar team members could lower tendency toward groupthink and diversify knowledge, skill sets, and social networks, which can facilitate the team’s creativity. Therefore, a question of growing importance to both researchers and practitioners alike is how to harness cultural diversity within creative teams to promote their creative performance while minimizing conflict. We examine this important question with the perspective offered by the CMCC. The processes delineated in the CMCC explain that multicultural teams offer the opportunities to broaden and diversify team members’ cultural experiences by destabilizing cultural stereotypes, switching between cultural frames, and integrating differing cultural perspectives, thereby generating discernible creative gains. It is challenging to effectively manage and maintain workforce diversity, but it is highly rewarding if these challenges are turned into opportunities to build an inclusive and equitable multicultural labor force. The CMCC illuminates the key mechanisms through which multicultural teams can trigger the knowledge creation and diffusion processes to instigate higher creativity among team members coming from diverse cultural backgrounds.

The role of sustainability in the relationship between migration and smart cities: a bibliometric review

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohamad Mouazen ◽  
Ana Beatriz Hernández-Lara
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Smart cities attract efficient and profitable economic activities, contribute to the societal welfare of their citizens and foster the efficient use and conservation of natural resources. Developing smart cities has become a priority for many developed countries, but as they are preferred destinations for migrants, this raises sustainability issues. They attract people who are seeking a better quality of life, smart services and solutions, a better environment and business activities. The purpose of this paper is to review the state of the art on the relationship between smart cities and migration, with a view to determining sustainability. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric review and text mining analyses were conducted on publications between 2000 and 2019. Findings The results determined the main parameters of this research topic in terms of its growth, top journals and articles. The role of sustainability in the relationship between smart cities and migration is also identified, highlighting the special interest of its social dimension. Originality/value A bibliometric approach has not been used previously to investigate the link between smart cities and migration. However, given the current relevance of both phenomena, their emergence and growth, this approach is appropriate in determining the state of the art and its main descriptors, with special emphasis on the sustainability implications.

scholarly journals Title-Guided Encoding for Keyphrase Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 6268-6275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Chen ◽  
Yifan Gao ◽  
Jiani Zhang ◽  
Irwin King ◽  
Michael R. Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Very High

Keyphrase generation (KG) aims to generate a set of keyphrases given a document, which is a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP). Most previous methods solve this problem in an extractive manner, while recently, several attempts are made under the generative setting using deep neural networks. However, the state-of-the-art generative methods simply treat the document title and the document main body equally, ignoring the leading role of the title to the overall document. To solve this problem, we introduce a new model called Title-Guided Network (TG-Net) for automatic keyphrase generation task based on the encoderdecoder architecture with two new features: (i) the title is additionally employed as a query-like input, and (ii) a titleguided encoder gathers the relevant information from the title to each word in the document. Experiments on a range of KG datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art models with a large margin, especially for documents with either very low or very high title length ratios.

Culture and Creativity: A Process Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yue Chiu ◽  
Letty Y-Y. Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Cultural Consensus ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Successful Innovation

The articles in this forum present many innovative ideas on the role of culture in creativity. In this commentary, we first discuss the contributions of these articles in relation to two recurrent themes: (i) where creativity resides and (ii) what conceptual refinements are needed to push the field forward. Next, we oudine a process model of creativity and explain the role of culture at each stage of knowledge creation. We argue that successful innovation involves one or more iterations of the following three stages: (i) authoring new ideas; (ii) selecting, editing, and marketing new ideas; and (iii) acceptance of the new ideas in the market. The desired outcomes are different at the different stages, and culture influences all stages of the process. Specifically, existing knowledge provides a reference point for evaluating the originality of ideas; assumed cultural consensus provides the normative basis for idea selection, editing, and marketing; and actual cultural norms determine how likely an idea will be accepted in a culture. Furthermore, different social and psychological processes are at work at different stages of the creativity process, and culture can affect the outcomes of the creativity process through its effects on these social and psychological processes.

Applications of RFID Technology and Smart Parts in Manufacturing

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhekun ◽  
Rajit Gadh ◽  
B. S. Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Frequency Identification

Industrial and consumer applications of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) are explored. The state-of-the-art and development in RFID technology is reviewed. A currently operative smart parts based manufacturing system is described which uses RFID as the key technology. The role of RFID in the emerging Wireless Internet Manufacturing field is highlighted.

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