Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Chinese Exclusion ◽  
Global Commerce ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Exclusion Act ◽  
Made In

The author uses the theory of parsimony to explain Afong Moy’s final years. The epilogue relays the changes occurring in the later nineteenth-century marketing, public perception, and use of “oriental” goods with the opening of Japan in 1854. The author considers the lives of other Asian immigrants such as Chang and Eng Bunker (called the Siamese Twins) and several known Chinese women who came after Afong Moy. The epilogue addresses the position of the Chinese immigrant in the nineteenth century with the passage of the 1884 Chinese Exclusion Act. A comparison of the “Made in China” goods of the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries with those of the earlier trade provides an understanding of China’s place in the golden chain of global commerce.

Asian American Religions from Chinese Exclusion to 1965

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Chinese Exclusion ◽  
Asian Religions ◽  
Exclusion Act

This chapter charts the religious lives of South and East Asian Americans during the era of Asian exclusion—from the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 to the implementation of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965—and those of non-Asians who adopted elements of Asian religions to shape new approaches to those traditions. Religious organizations provided immediate social aid and fellowship, leadership opportunities, and a connection to immigrants’ homelands. Religious beliefs provided strength to Asian immigrants by helping them cope with discrimination, while social realities in America reshaped many of those traditional beliefs and practices. White sympathizers reimagined aspects of Asian religions and utilized them in new ways. The chapter follows four major themes: adaptation of religious minorities from Asia, the experiences of Christian Asian immigrants, Asian American religious responses to discrimination, and the ways in which non-Asians were drawn to Asian religions prior to 1965.

The crisis of social reproduction and 'Made-in-China' feminism

Soundings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (79) ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Yige Dong
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

Crises of care and social reproduction have led to new debates and social movements around the world, but there has been little scholarly scrutiny in the global North on these issues as they are unfolding in China. Facing rapid population ageing and historically low birth rates, the Chinese government believes the country is suffering from a demographic crisis. Yet, the so-called population question is fundamentally a political one: who is bearing the brunt of biologically and socially reproducing the Chinese labour force who have fuelled the Chinese economy in the last four decades? As this essay unpacks, the country's long-existing urban-rural divide and the unchecked patriarchal-capitalist mode of accumulation have produced uneven consequences among different social groups, intersectionally defined by class, gender and urban/rural citizenship, and thus have exacerbated existing inequalities. Rural migrants and the urban poor, mostly women, have become domestic servants for urban middle-class families, at the cost of their own well-being and of their families and communities. Across social classes, Chinese women are making their voices heard and taking actions to protest against systemic appropriation and exploitation of their care and reproductive labour, in what is a hostile political environment. Ranging from organised protests to individuals' spontaneous complaints, 'made-in-China' feminism can shed new light on future feminist movements and solidarity building with feminists in the international community.

The Chinese Exclusion Act and Chinatown Theaters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Yunhwa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Chinese Exclusion ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Exclusion Act ◽  
Cross National

This chapter focuses on immigration policies in the United States and how they impacted Chinatown opera theaters from their burgeoning in the nineteenth century through the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and into the early twentieth century. Whereas Chinese theaters rose to prominent entertainment in the 1870s, with four concurrent theaters in San Francisco, late nineteenth century exclusionary regulations severely curtailed previously vibrant Chinatown opera theaters. It eventually cut off the flow of performers and limiting companies’ performance opportunities by early 20th century. The chapter identifies a turning point when the continuing demand for Chinese performers prompted American entrepreneurs and others to circumvent U.S. policies and advocate for exceptions to the stultifying rules in the second decade of the20th century. As a result, increasingly itinerant performers were allowed to cross national borders, and theaters were allowed to stage performances, but each existed in a precarious relationship with immigration officials and boards that enforced exclusionary principles and practices.

Departures from Orthodoxy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Steven J. Ericson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Economic Nationalism ◽  
Finance Minister ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Made In

This introductory chapter briefly considers the ways in which the reforms of Finance Minister Matsukata Masayoshi unfolded along the lines of mid-nineteenth-century British-style orthodoxy or the late-twentieth-century International Monetary Fund version. It then goes on to argue that Matsukata was dealing with the challenge, shared by many of his contemporaries, of establishing a modern financial system in a developing state emerging from warfare and aiming to industrialize. At least on monetary policy, his economic nationalism was of the liberal nationalist variety like that of state leaders in other late industrializers. Moreover, Matsukata emerged as a practitioner primarily of unorthodox policies from the standpoint of both nineteenth- and late-twentieth-century versions of financial and economic orthodoxy. He also departed from orthodox mindsets in his pursuit of statist and nationalist priorities, his commitment to made-in-Japan solutions, his reliance on local intellectual tradition, and his willingness to be flexible in response to “the dictates of practical expediency,” as he would proclaim in 1886.

Chinese Women Entering New England: Chinese Exclusion Act Case Files, Boston, 1911–1925

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-409
Author(s):  
Shauna Lo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New England ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Chinese Exclusion ◽  
Transnational Migrants ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Exclusion Act

Chinese women who sought entry to the United States during the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882–1943) faced unique challenges. As case files (1911–25) from the Boston Immigration Office reveal, however, they became adept transnational migrants, overcoming great obstacles and adopting innovative strategies to reach their destinations in the Northeast.

Industry and gender in recent representations of Sino-Italian relations

Modern Italy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-399
Author(s):  
Mark Chu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Women ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Chinese Industry ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

As Italian society struggles to come to terms with the presence of Chinese immigrants and with changing global patterns of industrialisation and shifts in the dynamics of industrial power, the question of Sino-Italian relations is increasingly present in Italian cultural representations across media and genre. Among the themes which recur within Italian discourse on Chinese industry are Made in Italy vs Made in China, tradition vs modernity, and environmental responsibility. In this paper, I offer a reading of the complex and, at times, ambivalent treatment of these themes in Gianni Amelio's 2006 film, La stella che non c’è (The Missing Star), and Alessandro Perissinotto's 2014 novel, Coordinate d'Oriente (Oriental Coordinates). Central to my analysis of the two works is an examination of the trope of contacts between the economies and societies of the two countries being sublimated in the fictional narratives into relationships between Western men and Chinese women. Against this backdrop, I propose an interpretation of the power dynamics which underpin the narratives.

Reexamining the Nineteenth-Century Presidency and Partisan Press: The Case of President Grant and the Whiskey Ring Scandal

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-133
Author(s):  
Jennifer Rose Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Media History ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
White House ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Presidential Studies ◽  
Time Lead ◽  
Made In

Studies of the institutional development of the presidency and popular leadership by presidents over time lead us to contrary expectations as to how a nineteenth-century president would react to a major political scandal. Scholarship on newspapers of the late 1800s is also unclear on how a quasipartisan media, with some outlets moving toward independence, would cover a White House scandal. I find that a close analysis of the case of President Ulysses S. Grant and the Whiskey Ring scandal forces us to reconsider what we assume to be firmly modern developments in both presidential studies and media history. Though a supposedly “premodern” president, Grant still mounted a concerted effort to mitigate the damage of the scandal. Further, although the president could get his version of events across in prominent newspapers, Republican newspaper coverage was hardly reliable. Newspapers also connected politicians’ character and psychology to mistakes made in office and made presidential strategies to shape public perception clear to their audiences—emphases on political gamesmanship considered hallmarks of the modern media environment.

The “Phantasmatic” Chinatown in Helen Hunt Jackson’s “The Chinese Empire” and Mark Twain’s Roughing It

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-hsin Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
New West ◽  
Chinese Exclusion ◽  
Visual Consumption ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
National Transformation ◽  
Exclusion Act ◽  
Chinese Empire

This chapter explores Chinatown as an ephemeral site of visual indeterminacy in the 1870s by looking at a number of Californian Chinatown accounts in Helen Hunt Jackson’s “The Chinese Empire” (1878) and Mark Twain’s Roughing It (1872). Late-nineteenth-century Chinatown as an exhibitory locus of authentic Chinese-ness for Western tourists is paradoxically characterized by its mutability rather than realism. By examining the accounts of Jackson and Twain about the Chinese in the 1870s, the decade before the passing of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, the paper rethinks the “virtual” existence of Chinatown, its contested nature as a “phantasmatic site” for Western projections and visual consumption, which manifests the potential realization of national transformation in the mythic Orient of the new West.

Doctors ’Made in China’ – Locally Trained, Globally Excellent

Praxis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ewelina Biskup ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Shixian Dong ◽  
Yan Wo
Keyword(s):  
Made In China ◽  
Made In
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