Fidelity and Its Relationship to Implementation Effectiveness, Adaptation, and Dissemination

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Allen ◽  
Rachel C. Shelton ◽  
Karen M. Emmons ◽  
Laura A. Linnan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Research Continuum

There is substantial variability in the implementation of evidence-based interventions across the United States, which leads to inconsistent access to evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies at a population level. Increased dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions could result in significant public health gains. While the availability of evidence-based interventions is increasing, study of implementation, adaptation, and dissemination has only recently gained attention in public health. To date, insufficient attention has been given to the issue of fidelity. Consideration of fidelity is necessary to balance the need for internal and external validity across the research continuum. There is also a need for a more robust literature to increase knowledge about factors that influence fidelity, strategies for maximizing fidelity, methods for measuring and analyzing fidelity, and examining sources of variability in implementation fidelity.

scholarly journals Challenges to create an evidence-based programme register in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Arwidson ◽  
C Verry-Jolive
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Addiction Prevention ◽  
Prevention Interventions

Abstract The majority of health promotion and disease prevention interventions implemented in both targeted and general populations have unknown effectiveness. This contrasts with drug treatments which must be proven effective before they can be prescribed. The recent evaluation of four addiction prevention interventions chosen by public health implementers showed that two had positive impacts on addiction prevention and two had deleterious effects. Despite over 50 years’ worth of scientific literature on the evaluation of health promotion and disease prevention programmes, it is little known and little used by project promoters. These promoters cannot be blamed for not using this literature as it is often difficult to access, to read and to understand. Even if they successfully access and read the articles, interventions are often not described properly, rendering the text useless for implementers. It is therefore necessary to create interfaces that translate this literature into a form useful for funders and project promoters. As a result, Public Health France has studied existing portals in both the United States and in Europe. An independent double-reviewing process comparable to the review process used by scientific journals for manuscripts as in the Norwegian portal was chosen for this reason.An expert committee has worked during more than one year to design and test a scoring grid that will be published soon. The 80+ programme evaluations found in the scientific literature will now be reviewed with the approved grid. Public Health France has also begun visiting each region in France to present the portal to local health authorities and NGOs to enable project promoters to submit their programmes soon and to promote the use of evidence-based or research-based programmes when possible.

scholarly journals Can Wastewater be Used to Improve our COVID-19 Surveillance Efforts?

CommonHealth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Shannon McGinnis ◽  
Shane Mclouglin ◽  
Tiffany Buturla ◽  
Nishita D'Souza ◽  
José Logo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Health Control ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Wastewater Samples

As the spread of COVID-19 continues to significantly impact daily life in the United States and globally, there is a need for a clear understanding of disease prevalence in communities. Traditional methods that rely on counting individual cases often result in underreporting due to limited access to testing or healthcare. This issue is further exacerbated by the spread of COVID-19 by asymptomatic or presymptomatic individuals who may not seek testing. Historically, wastewater surveillance has been used to provide population-level data on the prevalence of infectious diseases in communities. Data collected through wastewater surveillance has been used to advise public health control measures, such as vaccination campaigns, and to detect local outbreaks before cases are reported to public health authorities. For this reason, researchers around the globe have been analyzing wastewater samples for SARS-CoV-2 to assist in our response to the existing COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary discusses the potential utility of wastewater-based surveillance to advise public health control strategies for COVID-19 and discusses how it may be used to strengthen local surveillance efforts in Philadelphia.

Evidence for population-level approaches to the prevention of NCDs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Rayner ◽  
Kremlin Wickramasinghe ◽  
Julianne Williams ◽  
Karen McColl ◽  
Shanthi Mendis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Solution Generation ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Based Medicine

This chapter is the first of three about solution generation. It focuses on ways to evaluate the effectiveness of population health interventions and provides key questions to ask when applying evidence-based medicine to public health interventions. It also discusses how the dialogue between evidence producers and policy-makers can take various forms. Case studies illustrate how action can lag far behind even when evidence is strong and how powerful vested interests can undermine evidence-based policies. The chapter then discusses the role that modelling methods can play in improving public health decision-making, particularly when existing evidence is incomplete and traditional research methods are unable to provide solutions.

scholarly journals Seeing the quality improvement forest through the quality improvement trees: A meta-synthesis of case studies in Florida and Georgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211984570 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C Livingood ◽  
Lori Bilello ◽  
Katryne Lukens-Bull
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Quality Improvement Intervention ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Healthcare Settings

Objectives: To identify important characteristics of quality improvement applications for population health and healthcare settings and to explore the use of quality improvement as a model for implementing and disseminating evidence-based or best practices. Methods: A meta-synthesis was used to examine published quality improvement case studies. A total of 10 published studies that were conducted in Florida and Georgia were examined and synthesized using meta-synthesis (a qualitative research methodology) for meaningful insights and lessons learned using defined meta-synthesis inclusion criteria. The primary focus of the analysis and synthesis were the reported processes and findings that included responses to structured questioning in addition to emergent results from direct observation and semi-structured open-ended interviewing. Results: The key insights for the use of quality improvement in public health and healthcare settings included (1) the essential importance of data monitoring, analysis, and data-based decision making; (2) the need to focus on internal mutable factors within organizations; (3) the critical role of quality improvement team group dynamics; (4) the value of using a quality improvement collaborative or multi-clinic quality council/committee for sharing and comparing performance on key metrics; and (5) the need to identify a quality improvement approach and methods for clarification as a structured quality improvement intervention. Conclusion: In addition to the advantages of using quality improvement to enhance or improve healthcare and public health services, there is also potential for quality improvement to serve as a model for enhancing the adoption of evidence-based practices within the context of dissemination and implementation research.

Overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Yngvild Olsen ◽  
Anika A. H. Alvanzo ◽  
Jarratt D. Pytell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
The Us ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Opioid Use Disorders ◽  
Barriers To Use

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. In spite of the significant public health impacts of SUDs, medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are underutilized for the treatment of SUDs. This chapter reviews the history of FDA-approved medications for alcohol, nicotine, and opioid use disorders and provides some background on barriers to use of these medications to treat patients with SUDs. Suggestions are provided to guide clinicians on a path forward to reduce these barriers and increase the use of FDA-approved medications for the treatment of SUDs.

A Population Approach to Parenting Support for Childhood Obesity

2017 ◽  
pp. 156-170
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Bartlett ◽  
Matthew R. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Population Approach ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Parenting Support ◽  
Significant Health

Childhood obesity rates are on the rise worldwide. Considering the significant health and economic costs associated with obesity, emphasis must be placed on addressing this public health dilemma from both preventive and treatment perspectives. Evidence-based parent-centered interventions are an effective way to target obesity in children. Parents play a central role in a child’s lifestyle habits. However, parental recruitment and engagement remains problematic. This challenge must be addressed from a population health framework if improvements in childhood obesity rates are to be achieved. This chapter provides a framework for the prevention and management of childhood obesity from a public health perspective. The need for a population approach to evidence-based parenting programs is advocated to shift population-level rates of obesity. The existing research base for such an approach is discussed, along with future directions for clinical practice and research.

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