Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Roy
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Local State ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
New Form ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Global World

Tribes may or not join jihad, they may or not adopt some sort of Salafism. But when they do it they both give a new form to tribal traditions and experience an internal social transformation. Turning Salafis allows to claim membership of a supra tribal but virtual community while objecting to the state that tribesmen are holier than the state. Jihad allows to reformulate their opposition to the local state by referring to a global entity above this state: al Qaeda or ISIS. In the meantime jihad gives an opportunity for a younger generation and/or dominated clans to take the leadership. In both cases neither Salafism nor jihad erase tribal loyalties or rivalries: they allow tribes to recast their identity in a global world.

New Folk Music as Attempted Repatriation in Romania

2018 ◽  
pp. 436-452
Author(s):  
Maurice Mengel
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
New Products ◽  
New Product ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Socialist State ◽  
New Form

This chapter looks at cultural policy toward folk music (muzică populară) in socialist Romania (1948–1989), covering three areas: first, the state including its intentions and actions; second, ethnomusicologists as researchers of rural peasant music and employees of the state, and, third, the public as reached by state institutions. The article argues that Soviet-induced socialist cultural policy effectively constituted a repatriation of peasant music that was systematically collected; documented and researched; intentionally transformed into new products, such as folk orchestras, to facilitate the construction of communism; and then distributed in its new form through a network of state institutions like the mass media. Sources indicate that the socialist state was partially successful in convincing its citizens about the authenticity of the new product (that new folklore was real folklore) while the original peasant music was to a large extent inaccessible to nonspecialist audiences.

Miki Kiyoshi

2015 ◽  
pp. 446-464
Author(s):  
Melissa Anne-Marie Curley
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Kyoto School ◽  
Logic Of Imagination ◽  
School Philosophy ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Creation

Miki Kiyoshi (1897–1945) worked at the intersection of Marxism and Kyoto School philosophy. His later work explored the place of imagination in the historical dialectic. Miki held that the power of imagination was apparent in myths, institutions, and technologies, each of which represented the mediation of subjective will and objective reason. This subjective will could be either individual or collective—in his discussion of the institution, Miki posited that a collective subject he referred to as “creative society” drove the creation of new historical forms. Miki described creative society moving toward a new form of egalitarian fellowship that would transcend the existing state; Iwasaki Minoru points out, however, that Miki’s logic was used by the state to support its imperialist projects in Asia. The chapter closes by suggesting the possibility of rehabilitating Miki’s logic of imagination by refocusing on his treatment of affect and desire.

Taxation, Trust, and Government Debt: State-Elite Relations in Sichuan, 1850–1911

Modern China ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-294
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Kaske
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
The State ◽  
Local State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Railway Company ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
State Elite ◽  
The 1911 Revolution ◽  
Relationship Of

This article explores the shifting relationship between the state and the rural elites in Sichuan during the last decades of the Qing dynasty through the lens of taxation and public debt by using a creditor-debtor model as a theoretical framework. Sichuan’s unique rewarded land tax surcharge, called the “Contribution” and levied since 1864, established a relationship of symbolic and economic indebtedness of the imperial and local state to the taxpayer. Western-inspired reforms after 1898 directly attacked the symbolic and economic bonds established by the Contribution. The Railway Rent Share tax shifted the creditor-debtor relationship from the state to the public Sichuan-Hankou Railway Company by making individual taxpayers into shareholders. When Beijing eventually banned what it saw as a privatization of taxation and decided to nationalize the railway company, this ignited the Railway Protection Movement, which precipitated the 1911 Revolution in Sichuan.

Old Pastor and Local Bureaucrats: Recasting Church-State Relations in Contemporary China

Modern China ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifeng Liu ◽  
Chris White
Keyword(s):  
Church Leaders ◽  
The State ◽  
Local State ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Church Structure ◽  
Church State Relations ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Church ◽  
Local Levels

In examining the relationships between a state-recognized Protestant pastor and local bureaucrats, this article argues that church leaders in contemporary China are strategic in enhancing interactions with the local state as a way to produce greater space for religious activities. In contrast to the idea that the Three-Self church structure simply functions as a state-governing apparatus, this study suggests that closer connection to the state can, at times, result in less official oversight. State approval of Three-Self churches offers legitimacy to registered congregations and their leaders, but equally important is that by endorsing such groups, the state is encouraging dialogue, even negotiations between authorities and the church at local levels.

scholarly journals Pedagogical Approach To The Preparation The Children Of The Orphanage For Family Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Xaydarova Shaxlo Narzullaevna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Harmonious Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Society Today

The article emphasizes that the social adaptation of orphans and their preparation for family life is one of the most important tasks of the state and society. Today, much attention is paid to the self-realization of the younger generation, its harmonious development in all respects. The fact that a nation perceives itself as a result of such created conditions gives it confidence and gives it a reason to look to a promising future.

State, Civil Society, and Market in India: The Context of Mobilization

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Oommen
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory Construction ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts

Western societies have accomplished relative autonomy of the state, civil society, and market. The current thrust of social transformation in post-colonial and post-socialist societies also point in the same direction. This article traces the trajectory of autonomization achieved and/or attempted in these societies, and identifies the implications of the processes involved for theory construction. It is argued that in the context of mobilizing for change, privileging either state, civil society, or market would be a rash prejudgment. The possessive individualism of the West articulated in its rapacious market mechanisms alienates individuals destroys communal life. With reference to India, I trace out how the current tendency of privileging civil society as the sole agency to reestablish democratic values in past socialist societies-and relegating the state to the background-may foment serious intergroup conflicts. The recently initiated process of economic liberalization in the part-colonial democratic societies often ignores that there is nothing much to chose between the behemoth of the market and the leviathan of a state. It is suggested that only an equipoise between the state, society and market can produce a 'good society."

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