Conclusions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rosenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Organizational Analysis ◽  
Inherent Difficulty ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Core Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development

This chapter presents the study’s conclusions. It emphasizes the virtues of an organizational analysis of political parties and the value of a long-term perspective for analyzing the reproduction of party organizations’ vibrancy. The chapter first summarizes the core components of the book and the main empirical conclusions. Second, it extends the theory to other cases: AD in Venezuela, PT in Brazil, and some brief speculations in other regional contexts. The chapter also discusses the challenges ahead for further development of the theory and future empirical analyses. Finally, the chapter closes with a discussion of the relationship between party vibrancy and democratic consolidation, emphasizing the trade-offs and the inherent difficulty of consolidating vibrant parties.

Semantic Desktop for the End-UserSemantic Desktop für Anwender

i-com ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Aastrand Grimnes ◽  
Benjamin Adrian ◽  
Sven Schwarz ◽  
Heiko Maus ◽  
Kinga Schumacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Personal Knowledge ◽  
Term Study ◽  
The Core ◽  
Personal Knowledge Management ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Core Components

AbstractThis article describes the Semantic Desktop. We give insights into the core services that aim to improve personal knowledge management on the desktop. We describe these core components of our Semantic Desktop system and give evaluation results. Results of a long-term study reveal effects of using the Semantic Desktop on personal knowledge work.

A Semi-Formalization of the Dynamic Capability View

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Wilden ◽  
Timothy M. Devinney ◽  
Nidthida Lin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Dynamic Capability ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Structured Model ◽  
The Core ◽  
Theoretical Status ◽  
Core Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Core Construct

Some management scholars doubt the value of the dynamic capability view when compared to existing theories. The concern expressed is often related to unclear definitions of the core construct and the relationship among the components that make up that construct. The end result is potentially confused and conflicting interpretations of empirical findings and non-commensurate measurement. One solution is to formalize core components of the theory at hand. The purpose of this paper is not to discuss or argue for (or against) the theoretical status of the dynamic capability view, but to provide a simple, yet insightful, structured model of its core components. Specifically, this paper takes as its basis the perspective of dynamic capabilities as comprising the sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring processes that are deployed to create a resource base aimed at satisfying evolving market demand; it presents a simple but formal way of characterizing its components.

scholarly journals Shift in ecological strategy helps marginal populations of shepherd's purse ( Capsella bursa-pastoris ) to overcome a high genetic load

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1927) ◽  
pp. 20200463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Orsucci ◽  
Pascal Milesi ◽  
Johanna Hansen ◽  
Johanna Girodolle ◽  
Sylvain Glémin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Load ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Invasive Ability ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
The Relationship

The outcome of species range expansion depends on the interplay of demographic, environmental and genetic factors. Self-fertilizing species usually show a higher invasive ability than outcrossers but selfing and bottlenecks during colonization also lead to an increased genetic load. The relationship between genomic and phenotypic characteristics of expanding populations has, hitherto, rarely been tested experimentally. We analysed how accessions of the shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris , from the colonization front or from the core of the natural range performed under increasing density of competitors. First, accessions from the front showed a lower fitness than those from the core. Second, for all accessions, competitor density impacted negatively both vegetative growth and fruit production. However, despite their higher genetic load and lower absolute performances, accessions from the front were less affected by competition than accessions from the core. This seems to be due to phenotypic trade-offs and a shift in phenology that allow accessions from the front to avoid competition.

The BRIC Nations and the Anatomy of Economic Development: The Core Tenets of Rule of Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Ramanujam ◽  
Nicholas Caivano
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
The Core ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pluralist Approach

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed a revival in interest in the relationship between rule of law and economic development. Disenchantment with the universal model that emerged from the Washington Consensus era led to a shift in focus to a more pluralist approach in which policy prescriptions became tailored to each country’s socio-political context. The authors suggest that the pendulum may have swung to the other extreme, and that the newly ascendant pluralist approach may overemphasize pluralism at the expense of core rule of law principles. This paper examines the rule of law building efforts pursued by the BRIC countries to shed light on their strikingly different processes of economic transition. The authors argue that formal, informal, and transitional institutions have played distinct roles in these divergent economic development narratives. While informal and transitional institutions have facilitated growth during initial and intermediate phases of development, a degree of formalization across some institutions is critical to support the long-term development of a market economy. The authors set out the core tenets approach, an exploratory concept that emphasizes a malleable set of fundamental rule of law principles which exist alongside transition institutions to build trust in formal institutions as an economy advances.

scholarly journals Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance and the Relationship between the Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbial Compositions under Long-Term Exposure to Tetracycline and Sulfamethoxazole

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingbing Du ◽  
Qingxiang Yang ◽  
Ruifei Wang ◽  
Ruimin Wang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Aerobic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bacterial Groups ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

The removal of antibiotics and widespread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have received continuous attention due to the possible threats to environment. However, little information is available on the evolution of antibiotic resistance and the relationship between ARGs and microbial communities under long-term exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. In our study, two laboratory-scale anoxic-aerobic wastewater treatment systems were established and operated for 420 days to investigate the evolution of antibiotic resistance under exposure of 5 mg·L−1 tetracycline (TC) or 5 mg·L−1 TC and 1 mg·L−1 sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The average removal rates of TC and SMX were about 59% and 72%, respectively. The abundance of the main ARGs responsible for resistance to TC and SMX increased obviously after antibiotics addition, especially when TC and SMX in combination (increased 3.20-fold). The tetC and sul1 genes were the predominant genes in the development of TC and SMX resistance, in which gene sul1 had the highest abundance among all the detected ARGs. Network analysis revealed that under antibiotic pressure, the core bacterial groups carrying multiple ARGs formed and concentrated in about 20 genera such as Dechloromonas, Candidatus Accumulibacter, Aeromonas, Rubrivivax, in which intI1 played important roles in transferring various ARGs except sul3.

Recent Patents on the Structure of Medical Endoscope

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Dong Bao ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Dong-Bo Qi ◽  
Wei Wen ◽  
He-Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medical Endoscope ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanical Structure ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Further Development

Background: Among the core components of Medical Equipment, the Medical Endoscope is the core functional component of medical equipment, which has become the key research around the world. Objective: By comparing and discussing the patents of the medical endoscope, some valuable conclusions have been drawn to predict the future research and development of the Medical Endoscope. Methods: By analyzing the patent features of the medical endoscope in the mechanical structure, image display, and endoscope system, the function of the medical endoscope on the detection of human internal tissues has been explained. In combination with the key technology of the Medical Endoscope, patents related to the medical endoscope have been studied. Results: With the rapid development of technology in the medical industry and the need for practical applications, there is an increase in the requirements for medical endoscopes. Medical endoscopes have carried out a lot of innovations in mechanical structure, image imaging, and endoscope systems. By comparing the characteristics of various patents of medical endoscopes, the main problems of current medical endoscopes, such as complicated structure and poor lighting imaging effect, are analyzed and summarized. The further development trend of medical endoscopes has also been discussed. Conclusion: By improving and optimizing the mechanical structure of the medical endoscope, the lighting method and the three directions of the system, the performance of the medical endoscope can be improved, the loopholes in the current technology can be solved, and it will be more practical.

Contemporary Methodological Perspectives in Educational Research on ‘Teachers’ practice’: Assumptions and Shortcomings for ‘Effective Practices’

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Penalva
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Effective Practices ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
The Core ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Naturalistic Methodology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development

In the context of the major influence that ‘effectiveness’ is having internationally, paper studies the contemporary methodological perspectives in educational research when considering teachers’ practice. It shows that current trends can be boiled down to: (1) naturalistic methodology, (2) descriptive methodology, and (3) the nonmethodological solution. It states two main conclusions: first, there is a neat continuity with traditional methodologies, which were in decline long ago; second, contemporary perspectives in educational research fail to provide a consistent methodological model for ‘effective practices’. The author finally draws some conclusions and makes some suggestions for the further development of methodology in educational research and teachers’ practice. This study is noteworthy for teachers’ practice, collaborations and partnerships, and also for the relationship amongst research/practice/policy, which is at the core of the implementation of educational systems.

scholarly journals Political party strength and electoral violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Fjelde
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Electoral Violence ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Political Agents ◽  
Party Strength ◽  
The Relationship

Existing research on the causes of electoral violence has focused on structural determinants and election-specific characteristics but has paid less attention to the role of political agents that contest elections. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationship between the organizational strength of political parties and the risk of electoral violence. The study argues that strong political parties enhance the prospect for peaceful electoral dynamics for two reasons. First, having strong party organizations reduce incentives for violent electoral manipulation because these organizations enable more cost-efficient ways to mobilize voters. Second, strong party organizations constrain political actors from deploying electoral violence, both at the leadership and grassroot levels. The relationship between political party strength and electoral violence is studied by combining global data on the overall strength of political parties in the polity with data on violence across all national elections from 1946 to 2010. The statistical analysis accounts for a number of potentially confounding variables related to formal political institutions and election-specific characteristics. The results point to a statistically significant and substantively important association between strong political parties and a reduced risk of violent electoral conflict.

Political parties and policy analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Albert ◽  
Raymond J. La Raja
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Policy Ideas ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
The Relationship

The role of political parties in developing public policy is a thoroughly understudied topic. We argue that, to understand the role of formal party organizations in the policy process, researchers must examine the relationship between parties and ideologically similar but informally affiliated groups – called the ‘extended party network’ (EPN) – such as interest groups and think tanks. We show that parties are focused on electoral pursuits and should thus be viewed as demanders of policy ideas. The organizations in their extended network, however, have the resources and incentives to invest in developing public policy ideas. We argue that groups in the EPN supply their preferred party with policy ideas, and formal party actors filter these ideas and choose a policy proposal acceptable to these supporters. Conceiving of parties beyond their formal organizations should therefore clarify their role in the policy process.

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