Serpent Mound

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Rosemary A. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Engineering Knowledge ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marker Design ◽  
Us Midwest ◽  
Archaeological Models

This chapter explores the second major element of the marker design, which called for a massive earthen berm, supported by citing mounds of the US Midwest, including Monk’s Mound at Cahokia and the Great Serpent Mound. It explores how the engineering knowledge needed to construct these mounds is underestimated by the markers’ experts, and how the archaeological sites treated as simple actually have complex histories of development, including repair and changes. It relates the dismissive treatment of this indigenous technology to earlier commentaries that questioned the creation of earthworks by Native Americans. It explores the concept of common sense and the kinds of expert opinion that were represented in the history of developing proposals for markers, and the special role given to meaning in identifying appropriate archaeological models to use. It is followed by an interlude considering Robert Smithson’s Spiral Jetty as a model for a monumental earthwork subject to entropy.

Migration and Modernities

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Geographic Boundaries ◽  
The Us ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Migration and Modernities recovers a comparative literary history of migration by bringing together scholars from the US and Europe to explore the connections between migrant experiences and the uneven emergence of modernity. The collection initiates transnational, transcultural and interdisciplinary conversations about migration in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, demonstrating how mobility unsettles the geographic boundaries, temporal periodization, and racial categories we often use to organize literary and historical study. Migrants are by definition liminal, and many have existed historically in the spaces between nations, regions or ethnicities. In exploring these spaces, Migration and Modernities also investigates the origins of current debates about belonging, rights, and citizenship. Its chapters traverse the globe, revealing the experiences — real or imagined — of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century migrants, from dispossessed Native Americans to soldiers in South America, Turkish refugees to Scottish settlers. They explore the aesthetic and rhetorical frameworks used to represent migrant experiences during a time when imperial expansion and technological developments made the fortunes of some migrants and made exiles out of others. These frameworks continue to influence the narratives we tell ourselves about migration today and were crucial in producing a distinctively modern subjectivity in which mobility and rootlessness have become normative.

Native Americans in Cold War Public Diplomacy: Indian Politics, American History, and the US Information Agency

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Andrew Denson
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Indian Politics ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

This essay examines the depiction of Native Americans by the US Information Agency (USIA), the bureau charged with explaining American politics to the international public during the Cold War. In the 1950s and 1960s, the USIA broadcast the message that Americans had begun to acknowledge their nation's history of conquest and were working to redress old wrongs through an activist government. That message echoed the agency's depiction of the African American Civil Rights Movement and allowed the USIA to recognize Indian resistance to assimilation. It offered little room for tribal nationhood, however, during these early years of the modern American Indian political revival.

Common Sense and Ideal Theory in Seventeenth-Century Scottish Philosophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gellera
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Direct Realism ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Epistemological Views

In the nineteenth century James McCosh and many others identified the Common Sense school with “Scottish philosophy” tout court: the supposedly collective “Scottish” reply to Hume was the rejection of skepticism and Ideal Theory. This chapter addresses the anticipations of the Common Sense school and its broader place in the history of Scottish philosophy. The seventeenth-century Scottish philosophers reacted to Cartesian skepticism with epistemological views which anticipate Thomas Reid: direct realism and perception as a faculty of judgment. Common sense-like views seem to have been a popular strategy against skepticism already before the Common Sense school, thus providing additional evidence for McCosh’s claim of the special role of common sense in the history of Scottish philosophy.

One Symptom of Originality: Race and the Management of Labour in the History of the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Roediger ◽  
Elizabeth Esch
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Engineering Knowledge ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Managerial Knowledge ◽  
Racial Knowledge ◽  
Managerial Innovation

AbstractIn the labour-history of the US, the systematised management of workers is widely understood as emerging in the decades after the Civil War, as industrial production and technological innovation changed the pace, nature and organisation of work. Though modern management is seen as predating the contributions of Frederick Taylor, the technique of so-called 'scientific management' is emphasised as the particularly crucial managerial innovation to emerge from the US, prefiguring and setting the stage for Fordism. This article argues that the management of labour in the US has roots in the particularities of a society which racialised its labour-systems – slave and free – and thus made 'racial knowledge' central to managerial knowledge. Rather than transcending the limits of racial knowledge, the authors argue that scientific management relied on experts to know and develop 'the races' not only for the purpose of accumulating capital but also for the organisation of modern production through the first decades of the twentieth century. Such 'knowledge' became central to the export of managerial and engineering knowledge from the US to the world.

Looted Antiquities, Art Museums and Restitution in the United States since 1970

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia La Follette
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Museum Displays ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Us Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transnational Trade

US attitudes towards restitution and the problem of looted antiquities have shifted since 1970, as pressure builds to change norms for the acquisition of unprovenanced artefacts that have fueled a transnational trade in stolen objects and the depredation of archaeological sites worldwide. This article traces several triggers for change and initial steps towards a revised policy while also cataloguing areas of resistance. It examines the mechanisms of US government policy for international heritage protection and suggests that domestic legislation of the 1990s protecting the heritage of Native Americans has played a significant role in changing museum attitudes and policies. The new transparency for indigenous artifacts has produced museum displays that address their ownership history, larger social context and the distinctly different values assigned them by various groups. For classical antiquities, in contrast, attention to aesthetics still trumps such vital contextual information. This article suggests a different approach, one that showcases the biography of the object, its various lives or contexts, and the way different stakeholders have valued it over time. By drawing attention to restitution and the looting of heritage sites, such an approach better explains the history of the work of art and the continued importance of antiquity today.

scholarly journals The genetic ancestry of African, Latino, and European Americans across the United States

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bryc ◽  
Eric Y. Durand ◽  
J. Michael Macpherson ◽  
David Reich ◽  
Joanna L. Mountain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Ancestry ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Spanish Colonization ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Relocation

AbstractOver the past 500 years, North America has been the site of ongoing mixing of Native Americans, European settlers, and Africans brought largely by the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, shaping the early history of what became the United States. We studied the genetic ancestry of 5,269 self-described African Americans, 8,663 Latinos, and 148,789 European Americans who are 23andMe customers and show that the legacy of these historical interactions is visible in the genetic ancestry of present-day Americans. We document pervasive mixed ancestry and asymmetrical male and female ancestry contributions in all groups studied. We show that regional ancestry differences reflect historical events, such as early Spanish colonization, waves of immigration from many regions of Europe, and forced relocation of Native Americans within the US. This study sheds light on the fine-scale differences in ancestry within and across the United States, and informs our understanding of the relationship between racial and ethnic identities and genetic ancestry.

‘Common Sense’ Energy Security in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonna Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Security Practices ◽  
History Of

Chapter 3 examines ‘common sense’ energy security practices in the US. It discusses the role and history of energy and energy policy-making, before looking directly at how energy security has been practised in US policy since 2004. It then analyses how energy security was constructed in official discourse in the same time period, drawing out four key themes and the centrality of continued and increased domestic fossil fuel production to these themes. Together, it suggests, these practices create a ‘common sense’ understanding of energy security which has become accepted and difficult to challenge. The chapter concludes by showing some of the implications of this ‘common sense’, demonstrating that it produces an energy security paradox.

Strategies for Survival of the World — Risk Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovo Lojanica ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
National Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Iso 31000 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Level

All management standards have requirements for different aspects of improvements on the personal level, family level, company level, in business and life. What is about national level and country level? Is it possible for today’s generations to learn history of nations and of civilizations? If it is — ok, let’s apply it on actual time and people to have less problems and difficulties — especially if is actual in field of risk management. Majority of people are occupied by today’s problems. They don’t consider past and future challenges. People from each country strive for better quality, better and cleaner environment, higher safety etc. historically and today. But could we remember: How did Genghis Khan conquer many regions and how was he defeated? How did Mayas and Aztecs die out? How were Native Americans in North America drastically reduced in numbers? How did the Roman Imperium vanish? How was the Ottoman Imperium established and how it vanished? How many people were killed in the wars in XX century, etc? In all these catastrophic changes risks were not considered in an adequate way. Requirements of risk management — Principles and guidelines — ISO 31000:2009 are very consultative. They could be used on country level, national level, regional level, continental and intercontinental level.

THE UNITY OFTHEME AND IDEA IN FURQAT'S WORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Latofat Tajibayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Xix Century

This article discusses the importance of Furkat's work in the semantic renewal of classical literature. Furkat's work, which played a special role in the development of enlightenment literature, has a strong place in the history of culture in the second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century. Critical thinking prevailed in the poet's lyrics, which glorified universal ideas. The expression of social consciousness in an objective and truthful way, the stabilization of realistic principles, begins with Furkat's poetry.

From Competition to Cooperation: A History of Canada–US National Park Relations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Young ◽  
Alan MacEachern ◽  
Lary Dilsaver
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

This essay explores the evolving international relationship of the two national park agencies that in 1968 began to offer joint training classes for protected-area managers from around the world. Within the British settler societies that dominated nineteenth century park-making, the United States’ National Park Service (NPS) and Canada’s National Parks Branch were the most closely linked and most frequently cooperative. Contrary to campfire myths and nationalist narratives, however, the relationship was not a one-way flow of information and motivation from the US to Canada. Indeed, the latter boasted a park bureaucracy before the NPS was established. The relationship of the two nations’ park leaders in the half century leading up to 1968 demonstrates the complexity of defining the influences on park management and its diffusion from one country to another.

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