Film Comedy in Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-242
Author(s):  
William V. Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Political Humor ◽  
Ousmane Sembene ◽  
Black Africa ◽  
Pan Africanism ◽  
The World ◽  
Djibril Diop Mambety ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Sub Saharan

The rich oral traditions of storytelling in Black Africa have evolved into cinematic forms, adapting social satire and political humor to the realities of modern life. After a brief history of the region and its early encounters with the medium of motion pictures, this chapter introduces concepts like négritude, the griot storyteller, pan-Africanism, and Afropolitanism to explain how African beliefs and sub-Saharan cinema differ from others in the world and how African filmmakers like Ousmane Sembène and Djibril Diop Mambéty, Jean-Pierre Bekolo and Adama Drabo, Henri Duparc and Benoît Lamy, Flores Gomes and Fanta Régina Nacro have fashioned a cinema that reflects the way Africans see themselves and their place in the world.

Christianity in the Twentieth Century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Different Parts

This book charts the transformation of one of the world's great religions during an age marked by world wars, genocide, nationalism, decolonization, and powerful ideological currents, many of them hostile to Christianity. The book traces how Christianity evolved from a religion defined by the culture and politics of Europe to the expanding polycentric and multicultural faith it is today—one whose growing popular support is strongest in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, China, and other parts of Asia. The book sheds critical light on themes of central importance for understanding the global contours of modern Christianity, illustrating each one with contrasting case studies, usually taken from different parts of the world. Unlike other books on world Christianity, this one is not a regional survey or chronological narrative, nor does it focus on theology or ecclesiastical institutions. The book provides a history of Christianity as a popular faith experienced and lived by its adherents, telling a compelling and multifaceted story of Christendom's fortunes in Europe, North America, and across the rest of the globe. It demonstrates how Christianity has had less to fear from the onslaughts of secularism than from the readiness of Christians themselves to accommodate their faith to ideologies that privilege racial identity or radical individualism.

Power Lies in the Barrel of a Gun: Diplomacy Without Strategic Military Capability Is Futile

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-99
Author(s):  
Moorosi Leshoele
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Military Capability ◽  
Black Africa ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pipe Dream

Abstract The United States of America invests heavily on their military capability and it is estimated that it spends, alone, approximately 40 per cent of what the whole world spends on military. Four of the other super powers that make up the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UN-SC) also spend a significant percentage of their national budgets on military. Chinweizu has for a long time argued that Africa needs a well-resourced African Standby Force (or the Black Africa League) that will protect the interests of the continent so as to prevent the history of Africans enslavement and colonialism repeating itself. This article seeks to analyse Africa’s investment on its military defense capability vis-à-vis the five permanent members of the UN-SC and North Korea, by critiquing two case studies of two of the continent’s economic giants – South Africa and Egypt. Realist and Sankofa perspectives are used as the prisms through which the article was researched. In line with Chinweizu’s observation, the article argues that without serious political will and dedication to building Africa’s nuclear weapons capability and ensuring that Africa is economically self-reliant, diplomatic engagements with the rest of the world as (un)equal partners will remain a pipe dream and the looting of Africa’s mineral wealth will continue unabated. It is clear that given the reality of the African Holocust if African countries fail to collectively defend themselves, Africa will continue to be a political football for the rest of the world.

The Age of Mass Child Removal in Spain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich

This book analyses the ideas and practices that underpinned the age of mass child removal. This era emerged from growing criticisms across the world of ‘dangerous’ parents and the developing belief in the nineteenth century that the state could provide superior guardianship to ‘unfit’ parents. In the late nineteenth century, the juvenile court movement led the way in forging a new and more efficient system of child removal that severely curtailed the previously highly protected sovereignty of guardians deemed dangerous. This transnational movement rapidly established courts across the world and used them to train the personnel and create the systems that frequently lay behind mass child removal. Spaniards formed a significant part of this transnational movement and the country’s juvenile courts became involved in the three main areas of removal that characterize the age: the taking of children from poor families, from families displaced by war, and from political opponents. The study of Spanish case files reveals much about how the removal process worked in practice across time and across democratic regimes and dictatorships. It also affords an insight into the rich array of child-removal practices that lay between the poles of coercion and victimhood. Accordingly, the book further offers a history of some of most marginalized parents and children and recaptures their voice, agency, and experience. It also analyses the removal of tens of thousands of children from General Franco’s political opponents, sometimes referred to as the lost children of Francoism, through the history and practice of the juvenile courts.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Art Music ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Musical Canon

This book considers the history of aesthetics by taking into account not only theories of the arts but also the rich fabric of practices relating to the world of performing bodies onstage and the music that sounded alongside them and was made by them—the works of art, music, and theater that were conspicuously about art-objecthood. The introduction sketches the broader fashion for animated statues described in the book, asking what readers can hope to gain from a detailed account of this historical phenomenon that was situated at (or near) the emergence of modern aesthetic thought, as well as the birth of a musical canon.

scholarly journals Glass Beads, Markers of Ancient Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa: Methodology, State of the Art and Perspectives

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2343-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Koleini ◽  
Philippe Colomban ◽  
Innocent Pikirayi ◽  
Linda C. Prinsloo
Keyword(s):  
Glass Production ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Sub Saharan

Glass beads have been produced and traded for millennia all over the world for use as everyday items of adornment, ceremonial costumes or objects of barter. The preservation of glass beads is good and large hoards have been found in archaeological sites across the world. The variety of shape, size and colour as well as the composition and production technologies of glass beads led to the motivation to use them as markers of exchange pathways covering the Indian Ocean, Africa, Asia, Middle East, the Mediterranean world, Europe and America and also as chronological milestones. This review addresses the history of glass production, the methodology of identification (morphology, colour, elemental composition, glass nanostructure, colouring and opacifying agents and secondary phases) by means of laboratory based instruments (LA-ICP-MS, SEM-EDS, XRF, NAA, Raman microspectroscopy) as well as the mobile instruments (pXRF, Raman) used to study glass beads excavated from sub-Saharan African sites. Attention is paid to the problems neglected such as the heterogeneity of glass (recycled and locally reprocessed glass). The review addresses the potential information that could be extracted using advanced portable methods of analysis.

History

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Owens
Keyword(s):  
Classical Tradition ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
General Study ◽  
Linguistic History ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Arabic Speaking

This article discusses the history of the Arabic language. It argues that Arabic should have a privileged place within historical linguistics. It is one of the few languages in the world for which a wealth of data exists both in the far-flung contemporary Arabic-speaking world and in a rich Classical tradition attested beginning 1400 years ago. Issues of maintenance and change, central concepts in historical linguistics, can be interpreted against a rich set of data. That they have not resides in the fact that basic concepts of historical linguistics have rarely been systematically applied to the language. Doing so will not only open new vistas to understanding the rich linguistic history of the language but also promises to contribute to the general study of historical linguistics.

scholarly journals Representing African cities in Wikipedia

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-396
Author(s):  
Brendan Luyt
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Amorphous Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Work ◽  
Sub Saharan

The role played by representations in the lives of cities endows the study of their production and distribution in various media with importance. Today, the Internet, that amorphous network linking much of the world, is a powerful new media for the imagination of city spaces and hence in need of investigation. In this article, I focus on the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia, one of the most popular websites on the Internet. My aim is to explore the representations of two of the largest sub-Saharan African cities, Lagos and Kinshasa, in their respective Wikipedia articles. Wikipedia has been described as the encyclopaedia anyone can edit, suggesting that it is open to multiple perspectives on any particular topic. Given the history of how Africa in general has been either marginalized or conjured as an exotic or miserable “other” by much media work this potential for wider range of representations should not be overlooked. Does Wikipedia live up to its reputation in the case of Kinshasa and Lagos?

History of acute polyradiculoneuropathy (part 2)

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (19) ◽  
pp. 836-840
Author(s):  
Stéphane Mathis ◽  
Antoine Soulages ◽  
Gwendal Le Masson ◽  
Jean-Michel Vallat
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Great War ◽  
The World ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Rich History

First reported by Guillain, Barré, and Strohl during the Great War, the concept of “Guillain-Barré syndrome” (GBS) progressively emerged as a clinical entity in its own right. Despite many debates about its clinical and pathophysiologic characteristics, GBS is now recognized as a disease throughout the world. We describe here the main steps of the rich history of GBS, from 1916 to the present.

scholarly journals Beyond programmatic versus patrimonial politics: contested conceptions of legitimate distribution in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-436
Author(s):  
Portia Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
A Priori ◽  
African Politics ◽  
Private Goods ◽  
South West ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich

AbstractThis article argues against the long-standing instinct to read African politics in terms of programmatic versus patrimonial politics. Unlike the assumptions of much of the current quantitative literature, there are substantive political struggles that go beyond ‘public goods good, private goods bad’. Scholarly framings serve to obscure the essentially contested nature of what counts as legitimate distribution. This article uses the recent political history of the Lagos Model in south-west Nigeria to show that the idea of patrimonial versus programmatic politics does not stand outside of politics but is in itself a politically constructed distinction. In adopting it a priori as scholars we commit ourselves to seeing the world through the eyes of a specific, often elite, constituency that makes up only part of the rich landscape of normative political contestation in Nigeria. Finally, the example of a large-scale empowerment scheme in Oyo State shows the complexity of politicians’ attempts to render distribution legitimate to different audiences at once.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Emily Suzanne Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Family Values ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Christian Women ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Conservative Christian ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Central Characters

The legacies of the New Christian Right are readily apparent in modern US politics and culture, especially in the still-salient rhetoric of “family values.” Yet despite a long history of women’s leadership in this movement, prominent conservative Christian women still seem like paradoxical anomalies to many Americans. This book explores the world that these women come from. It is the story of the rich proliferation of conservative Christian women’s political and cultural authority within a still-growing subculture of evangelicals that now reaches into almost every niche of American cultural life. The conclusion draws connections between modern developments and the history that is the focus of this book’s early chapters. It also brings the stories of the book’s central characters up to the present, tracing later developments in their lives and careers to answer the question: “Where are they now?”

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