Taiwan

Main Method ◽

Political Issues ◽

Intelligence Gathering ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Electoral Campaign ◽

Rich History

Taiwan is a country with a rich history and cultural ties to mainland China. Though there has been much research and effort dedicated to propaganda and censorship in the People’s Republic of China over the years, less attention has been paid to the digital propaganda sphere in Taiwan. This report explores computational propaganda in Taiwan and finds that digital propaganda in Taiwan can be divided into two types: (1) internal propaganda on domestic political issues and campaigns, and (2) cross-Strait propaganda—emanating from the mainland and promoting reunification of the two countries. Furthermore, recent computational and social research points to manual propaganda being the main method used in campaigns in both countries. The use of two political bots in Taiwan, an anti-fake news bot and an intelligence-gathering crawler bot used in a 2014 electoral campaign, is explored in detail.

Spatial-temporal distribution of human brucellosis in mainland China from 2004 to 2017 and an analysis of social and environmental factors

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-019-0839-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cheng Peng ◽

Yan-Jun Li ◽

De-Sheng Huang ◽

Peng Guan

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Mainland China ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression ◽

Health Science ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Human Brucellosis ◽

Republic Of China

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the changing distribution of human brucellosis between 2004 and 2017 in mainland China and seek scientific evidence of the relationship between socio-economic, environmental, and ecological factors and human brucellosis incidence. Methods The annual numbers of brucellosis cases and incidence rates from 31 provinces in mainland China between 2004 and 2017 were obtained from the Data-Center for China Public Health Science. The number of monthly brucellosis cases in 2018 was obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The electronic map of the People’s Republic of China was downloaded from the National Earth System Science Data Sharing Platform. Human population density, gross domestic product (GDP), and an inventory of cattle and sheep at the end of each year from 2004 to 2017 were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Annual rainfall data from 31 provinces in the People’s Republic of China from 2004 to 2017 were collected from the China Meteorological Data Service Center. The risk distribution and changing trends of human brucellosis were mapped with ArcGIS. A cluster analysis was employed to identify geographical areas and periods with statistically significant incidence rates. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine possible factors that were significantly correlated with the presence of human brucellosis cases. Results Human brucellosis cases have spread throughout the whole country. Human brucellosis cases occurred mostly from March to August and were concentrated from April to July. The inventory of sheep, GDP, and climate were significantly correlated with the presence of brucellosis cases in mainland China. Conclusions The geographical expansion of human brucellosis in mainland China was observed, so did the high-incidence clusters between 2004 and 2017. Most of the cases were reported during the early spring to early summer (February–August). Results from the multivariate linear regression suggested that the inventory of sheep, GDP, and climate were significantly associated with the incidence of human brucellosis in mainland China.

Mathematics Education: The People's Republic of China

Mathematics Teacher ◽

10.5951/mt.66.2.0113 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 113-120

Author(s):

Frank Swetz

Keyword(s):

Language Proficiency ◽

Chinese Language ◽

Mainland China ◽

Technological Advancement ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Language And Mathematics ◽

And Mathematics ◽

Educational Campaigns

The People's Republic of China has attempted to use education as the main avenue for ideological, sociological, and technological advancement. In the educational campaigns that have taken place on mainland China since 1949, two disciplines have always received primary attention: the Chinese language and mathematics. Improved language proficiency was necessary for the processes of indoctrination, while mathematics provided a base for the scientific studies so vital to an industrial competency.

An electrophoretic comparison of Schistosoma japonicum (Trematoda) from different provinces in the People's Republic of China suggests the existence of cryptic species

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182099004837 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 119 (4) ◽

pp. 375-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

N. B. CHILTON ◽

Q. BAO-ZHEN ◽

H. O. BØGH ◽

P. NANSEN

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Schistosoma Japonicum ◽

Species Complex ◽

Mainland China ◽

Single Species ◽

Electrophoretic Study ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Animal Hosts

Schistosoma japonicum from the People's Republic of China is considered to represent a single species comprising either 1 or 4 ‘strains’. We conducted an allozyme electrophoretic study to examine the extent of genetic variation in S. japonicum from mainland China. The allelic profiles of S. japonicum from 7 provinces were established at 16 enzyme loci. S. japonicum from Sichuan had 3–5 (19–31%) fixed differences compared with those from Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Yunnan, suggesting that S. japonicum in mainland China represents a species complex. In addition, genetic markers were also established for different laboratory-maintained populations of S. japonicum which has significant implications for studying the biology of these organisms in human and animal hosts, and for the control and surveillance of human schistosomiasis in China.

The Case for Recognizing Peking Now—or in 1992

Worldview ◽

10.1017/s0084255900023019 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 4-8

Author(s):

Gerald F. Hyman

Keyword(s):

American Foreign Policy ◽

Mainland China ◽

The United States ◽

General Question ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Republic Of China ◽

The Government ◽

The Right

If Secretary of State Vance's “exploratory” trip to China proved nothing else, it demonstrated once again that because our relations with Taiwan are the main obstacles to recognizing the People's Republic of China, it is Taiwan, not mainland China, that poses the main problem for American foreign policy in Asia. To a man the Chinese reiterated their conditions for establishing relations: abrogate the Mutual Defense Treaty of 1954; break diplomatic relations with Taiwan; and withdraw the American military personnel from the island. With respect to the general question of Taiwan, they all referred back to the PRC section of the Shanghai Communique (published jointly with our own):The Taiwan question is the crucial question obstructing the normalization of relations between China and the United States; the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government of China; Taiwan is a province of China which has long been returned to the motherland; the liberation of Taiwan is China's internal affair in which no other country has the right to interfere; and all U.S. forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan. The Chinese Government firmly opposes any activities which aim at the creation of “one China, two governments,” “two Chinas” and “independent Taiwan” or advocate that “the status of Taiwan remains to be determined” [The “Shanghai Communique,” February 27, 1972].

The Cold War Comes to Chinatown

Paisanos Chinos ◽

10.1525/california/9780520290198.003.0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Fredy González

Keyword(s):

Cold War ◽

Mainland China ◽

Republic Of China ◽

The Republic Of China ◽

The Republic ◽

The Cold War

As the Cold War dragged on and the Republic of China failed to effect its reconquest of mainland China, not all Chinese Mexicans continued to support the Republic of China. Some defected to support the People’s Republic of China, or openly traveled to mainland China or expressed their reservations about the ROC. For this, they were exposed as subversives and surveilled by the ROC, Mexican, and US governments. This chapter illustrates how transnational causes could have local repercussions, as some Chinese Mexicans began to chafe under their relationship with the ROC.

APPLICABLE LAWS TO ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS UNDER CURRENT ARBITRATION LAW AND PRACTICE IN MAINLAND CHINA

International and Comparative Law Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0020589314000207 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 741-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fan Yang

Keyword(s):

Mainland China ◽

International Arbitration ◽

Mainland Chinese ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Chinese Law ◽

Judicial Practice ◽

The Law ◽

Consistent Approach

AbstractThis article examines the recent development of mainland Chinese law and judicial practice regarding the law applicable to arbitration agreements. It identifies potential changes to mainland Chinese law and practice that may help to further develop the People's Republic of China (PRC) into a truly international-arbitration-friendly jurisdiction. It argues that in the absence of explicit statutory provisions and a consistent approach in the People's Courts to the determination of the place of arbitration and the law applicable to arbitration agreements, it is important for parties negotiating arbitration clauses with a seat in China and/or for contracts involving mainland Chinese elements to explicitly designate the place of arbitration as well as the law governing their arbitration agreements.

Retrospective Serological Investigation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Antibodies in Recruits from Mainland China

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.12.4.552-554.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 552-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sumeng Yu ◽

Maofeng Qiu ◽

Zeliang Chen ◽

Xiaobo Ye ◽

Yaling Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Nucleocapsid Protein ◽

Mainland China ◽

Sars Coronavirus ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Serological Investigation ◽

Military Recruits

ABSTRACTDifferent assays were used to analyze 1,621 serum specimens collected from military recruits from the People's Republic of China in 2002 for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus antibodies. The results demonstrated that the subjects either had rarely been exposed to the virus before the 2003 SARS outbreak or had not been exposed but the nucleocapsid protein cross-reacted with other antibodies in humans.

The People's Republic of China (Mainland China)

Schooling in East Asia ◽

10.1016/b978-0-08-026804-0.50011-9 ◽

1983 ◽

pp. 136-187

Author(s):

John N. Hawkins

Keyword(s):

Mainland China ◽

Republic Of China ◽

China Mainland

Central Control, Localized Interests, and Interprovincial Conflict in the People’s Republic of China

Subnational Hydropolitics ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190864101.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Scott M. Moore

Keyword(s):

Water Resource Management ◽

Central Government ◽

Mainland China ◽

Local Policy ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Local Officials ◽

Policy Objectives ◽

Territorial Government

From a comparative perspective, the People’s Republic of China represents perhaps the world’s most distinctive combination of political centralization and fiscal and administrative decentralization. The basic unity of the state, referred to as Dayitong (大一统), has long been seen as the organizing principle of governance in mainland China and underpins the modern system whereby decision- making is tightly concentrated at the central government level (Wang 2009). At the same time, however, the practical challenges of governing a large and diverse territory have historically led Chinese officials to delegate substantial administrative powers to subnational levels of government. Moreover, in economic terms China is one of the most decentralized countries in the world, with revenue and expenditure powers largely in the hands of local officials (Dziobek, Mangas, and Kufa 2011). Chinese officials are thus caught in an institutional matrix known as tiao-kuai (条- 块), in which they are responsible both to line control by functional bureaucracies, such as the various central government ministries, as well as to territorial government leaders, including mayors and provincial governors, and to equivalent officials within the parallel Chinese Communist Party (CCP) structure. The CCP effectively controls all important political appointments, creating a potent mechanism to ensure the coherence of central and local policy objectives (Mertha 2008). This matrix is intended to ensure that subnational officials pursue priorities set by the central government but also to provide them with the flexibility to implement these policies according to individual local circumstances. In practical terms, this flexibility also translates into autonomy in a wide range of policy areas, including water resource management. Like their counterparts in more politically decentralized countries, China’s subnational officials therefore also confront the dilemma of autonomy, and they sometimes attempt to resolve it through conflict with neighboring jurisdictions (Moore 2014a).

The Chinese Intrigue in Kalimpong

Beyond Pan-Asianism ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190129118.003.0015 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 410-459

Author(s):

Tansen Sen

Keyword(s):

West Bengal ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Intelligence Gathering ◽

Republic Of China ◽

A Site ◽

Diverse Groups ◽

India And China ◽

Volume Of Trade

This chapter focuses on Kalimpong, a small Himalayan town located in northern West Bengal, India. In the mid-1940s, the British intelligence officials in India identified trade through Kalimpong into Tibet as an activity that required surveillance and inspection. These officials produced detailed records on the types of commodity traded, volume of trade, diverse groups traders, and smuggling of goods. Such surveillance and intelligence gathering continued after the establishment of independent India in 1947. The intelligence officials paid special attention to individuals in Kalimpong suspected as spies for the Chinese government, both the Kuomintang and the People’s Republic of China. Using these intelligence records, the chapter analyses the portrayal of Kalimpong as a site of covert and clandestine activity. It spotlights several individuals who were identified as ‘Chinese agents’, the complicated and problematic nature of intelligence gathering and recording, the arbitrariness of the categories ‘Chinese’, ‘Tibetan’, and ‘Indian’ in a place such as Kalimpong, and the ways in which the changing geopolitical relationship between India and China in the late 1950s impacted Kalimpong and its Chinese residents.