How effective have protests been?

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Richard Youngs
Keyword(s):  
Single Factor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Partial Success

Chapter 4 assesses the results of recent mass protests. It distinguishes cases of success, partial success, and failure. It then evaluates competing explanations for this variation in outcomes, suggesting that no single factor on its own can account for the difference in protest impact.

Studies in crop variation: V. The relation between yield and soil nutrients

1928 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
BH Balmukand
Keyword(s):  
General Character ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Direct Interpretation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Physical Quantities ◽  
Quantitative Response ◽  
Simultaneous Variation

The study of the relation of plant-growth to environmental factors has led to much research directed to the elaboration of General Formulae expressing the quantitative response of the experimental plant or crop to the quantity of the nutrients with which it is supplied. For variations of a single nutrient only many different mathematical expressions will serve to describe the facts to the accuracy with which these are usually ascertained by experiment; the practical value of such formulae is, however, much impaired if the parameters or constants which they involve change their value from experiment to experiment. If, on the contrary, we can obtain formulae of a general character which represents satisfactorily not only the response to variation of a single factor, but the response to simultaneous variation of two or more different factors, then we have reason to believe that the parameters of such formulae will not depend upon the casual or non-essential conditions of the experiment, but will be capable of direct interpretation as physical quantities. We have shown that the Resistance Formula does fit the data of several two-factor experiments and the agreement of the three values of an determined from the three potato crops as well as the agreement of the difference in the values of k on a dunged and undunged plot with the potash expected to be available from the ten tons of dung shows that this expectation is so far justified. The parameters of the Resistance Formula are capable of a direct and definite physical interpretation; for each nutrient there are two constants; one represents the importance of the nutrient considered to the crop concerned, and may be expected to vary from crop to crop and from variety to variety, and so to afford a direct comparison between varieties of their manurial needs, while the second represents the amount of nutrient available in the unmanured soil.

Alkoholkonsumtionens mörkertal i Sverige 1960–1994

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thor Norström
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Error Term ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Alcohol Sales

The aim of the study was to estimate the trend in unregistered alcohol consumption in Sweden during the period 1960–1994. The estimation was based on the discrepancy between the observed trend in alcohol related harms (alcohol-related mortality, assault, homicide, and drunk driving) and the trend expected from registered alcohol sales. The impact of alcohol sales on these indicators were estimated by means of ARIMA-analyses, and then the error term series was calculated for each indicator, meaning the difference between the observed and the expected trends in harm rates. A factor analysis of the four error-term series yielded one single factor which was interpreted as the unregistered alcohol consumption. According to the outcome this would have increased linearly by about 80% during the study period. Some comparisons are made with other data; for example it is noted that the trend in travelling abroad reasonably matches the trend in estimated unregistered consumption.

The Measurement of Dementia∗

1942 ◽  
Vol 88 (371) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
Wide Scatter ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Partial Success ◽  
Vocabulary Score

Hitherto two methods have been commonly used to measure dementia—by means of numerical measures of scatter, and by means of the discrepancy between scores on vocabulary and other tests. In the present investigation the value of the most popular techniques with both methods was examined, and a new short measure of dementia was evolved.Subjects taking the Stanford Binet and similar tests rarely pass abruptly from complete success at and below a certain M.A. level to complete failure at the next and subsequent levels. For example, a subject with a total M.A. of eleven years may succeed in all the subtests at and below the VIII year level and fail all the subtests above the XIV year level, while between these two levels he succeeds in some and fails others. The range of partial success and failure is called the “scatter.” Many psychometrists believe that unusually wide scatter indicates psychopathy or intellectual deterioration. The various methods for measuring scatter are conveniently summarized by Harris and Shakow (1937).A long-standing observation on the results of intelligence tests in dementia is that vocabulary ability remains comparatively unimpaired until a late stage when the subject is unable to solve other tests. Therefore, it has been claimed, vocabulary score may be taken as a measure of the subject's pre-morbid intelligence, and the discrepancy between his vocabulary ability and ability on other tests as a reflection of the difference between his former and present intelligence, thus providing a measure of his dementia. The Babcock test is the best known of several techniques, based on this principle, for the measurement of dementia.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS IN THE CHICK EMBRYO-INFLUENZA VIRUS SYSTEM

1949 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Henle
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Allantoic Cavity ◽  
Partial Success

Upon injection of active influenza A or B virus into the allantoic cavity of the developing chick embryo, an average of only 70 per cent of the agent was adsorbed onto the tissue, as measured by the difference between the quantity of virus injected and that found free in the allantoic fluid of the injected eggs during the constant period. The degree of adsorption was similar, regardless of whether 109 or 102 ID50 of active virus was injected. Attempts to demonstrate the adsorbed virus in suspensions of the infected tissue met with partial success only in that not more than 1 to 5 per cent of the amount calculated to be adsorbed was actually found. All efforts to increase the yield of virus have failed. These results led to the suggestion that the seed virus, which participates in the propagation, becomes altered in such a way that it no longer may be demonstrated by infectivity titrations, whereas the active virus found represents superficially adsorbed virus, which does not multiply.

What Explains the Difference in Leverage between Banks and Nonbanks?

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 2677-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Berg ◽  
Jasmin Gider
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Asset Risk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Structure Choice ◽  
Capital Structure Choice ◽  
Diversified Portfolio

Banks have much more leverage than nonbanks. In this article, we use a joint sample of banks and nonbanks between 1965 and 2013 to analyze the determinants of this leverage difference. We find that a single factor, asset risk, is able to explain up to 90% of this difference. Banks’ assets consist of a diversified portfolio of nonbank debt. Therefore, banks have much lower asset risk than do nonbanks. Because asset risk is a major determinant of capital structure choice, this factor is able to explain a large fraction of the difference between bank and nonbank leverage.

scholarly journals On the Effect of Background Music Preference on Emotions During Walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Music Preference ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To study the influence of background music preference on emotion during walking. Method: The experiment is a single factor research design, and the independent variable is the type of background music (preferred, disliked, no background music). The subjects performed three 20-minute walking tasks with no background music, favorite background music, and disliked background music during the experiment. After the experiment, the positive and negative affect scales (PANAS) were filled to compare the difference between positive and negative emotion in the three tasks through statistical analysis. Result: It was found that people’s preference for background music affected the foreground work emotions. Subjects’ positive emotions increased under the background music they liked, and their negative emotions aggravated under the background music they disliked.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on the mortality rates for the resident population of the Umbria region in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bietta ◽  
Mattia Morini ◽  
Asiya Kamber Zaidi ◽  
Francesco Cozzolino ◽  
Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
Umbria Region ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Temperature Standard ◽  
Health Registry

The mortality figures related to the coronavirus pandemic has been the topic of debate lately. Several hypothesis are made regarding the expected number of deaths in a region but there are various factors governing the same. In this paper, we have discussed the mortality figures in the Umbria region after analyzing the data from the national Health registry between December 2019 to April 2020; the period of infection and its comparison with the data from previous five years. The factors governing these figures were studied including temperature, standard mortality rates, territorial distribution, death due to all cases as well as the non-COVID deaths. A sharp increase in mortality figures was observed for the month of march and low temperature also had a role to play. However the difference when compared to previous 5 years was not significant as was expected at the start of the study. A single factor cannot be responsible for the total mortality figures in a region as is frequently predicted.

Optimization of K-Means Clustering Segmentation in Head CT Images

2013 ◽  
Vol 411-414 ◽  
pp. 1247-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Qiang Ma ◽  
Xiao Juan Wang ◽  
Xiao Lan Li
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Operation System ◽  
Head Ct ◽  
Thoracic Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability

We optimized the k-clustering program with MATLAB language in order to improve the stability and quality of k-clustering algorithm in medical CT image segmentation. One hundred and sixty-five head nodule thoracic computed tomography scans are used to test the proposed method and compare with the k-means function of the MATLAB R2012a Statistics Toolbox. We analyzed the difference of the two kinds program running time using single factor variance analysis method and observed the stability and quality of the images segmentation. The experimental results show that the optimized k-means clustering algorithm programming has higher stability and quality of segmentation. In the environment of Windows operation system and hardware of personal computer configuration, the segmenting times are about only one second, significantly lower than the original segmentation procedures. These can eliminate the feeling of waiting and improve the users comfort and efficiency.

scholarly journals The effect of fertilization on the yield components of winter wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Péter Jakab ◽  
Ágnes Jusztin ◽  
Anita Baranyi ◽  
Margit Hódiné Szél
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Meadow Soil ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Set Up

We investigated the effect of fertilization on the yield components of winter wheat in the crop-year 2016/2017. The experiment was set up in three replications on the area of the SZTE Tangazdaság Ltd. in Hódmezővásárhely. The soil was meadow soil. The forecrop was sunflower. Six fertilizer treatments were used besides the control: N80PK30, N100PK30, N130PK30, N150PK30, N170PK0 and N170PK50 kg/ha active ingredients. Experimental results were processed using single factor ANOVA. The number of spikes/m2 was 564.67 in the control treatment. In the N100PK30 and N130PK30 treatments we measured significantly higher values of 567.67 and 677.33 spikes/m2. The number of kernels per spike was 36.5 in the non-fertilized parcels. We reached the highest value of 43.77 kernels in the N130PK30 treatment. The difference was not significant. The thousand kernel weight changed slightly due to the fertilization. We measured 31.08 g in the control treatment. We got the maximum value of 32.71 g in the N130PK30 treatment. The difference was not statistically justified. Our scientific results showed, that the N130PK30 kg/ha fertilizer level was the optimum for the winter wheat in 2016/2017.

scholarly journals Genetic studies on mutations in species A and B of the Anopheles gambiae complex

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sex Linkage ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Gambiae Complex ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae Complex ◽  
The Difference

1. A number of mutants affecting changes in the pigment of larval and adult An. gambiae are reported.2. Two other pigment characters are also described. One of these, diamond, is probably inherited as a single factor.3. Two of the mutants are sex-linked and the experimental results show An. gambiae to have a Drosophila form of sex-linkage.4. The sex-linked white-eye mutant is shown to be epistatic to the gene for collar and the characters diamond and red stripe.5. Attention is drawn to the difference in sex-linkage between An. gambiae, and C. pipiens and Ae. aegypti which may indicate different methods of sex-determination.

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