Alkoholkonsumtionens mörkertal i Sverige 1960–1994

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thor Norström
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Error Term ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Alcohol Sales

The aim of the study was to estimate the trend in unregistered alcohol consumption in Sweden during the period 1960–1994. The estimation was based on the discrepancy between the observed trend in alcohol related harms (alcohol-related mortality, assault, homicide, and drunk driving) and the trend expected from registered alcohol sales. The impact of alcohol sales on these indicators were estimated by means of ARIMA-analyses, and then the error term series was calculated for each indicator, meaning the difference between the observed and the expected trends in harm rates. A factor analysis of the four error-term series yielded one single factor which was interpreted as the unregistered alcohol consumption. According to the outcome this would have increased linearly by about 80% during the study period. Some comparisons are made with other data; for example it is noted that the trend in travelling abroad reasonably matches the trend in estimated unregistered consumption.

scholarly journals Validation of the German version of the Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) to assess the impact of disease on the partner or family member

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne A. Elsner ◽  
Sam S. Salek ◽  
Andrew Y. Finlay ◽  
Anna Hagemeier ◽  
Catherine J. Bottomley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Family Members ◽  
German Version ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) assesses the impact of a patient’s chronic illness on the quality of life (QoL) of the patient’s partner or family members. The aim of the study was to translate, explore the structure of and validate the FROM-16. Methods The questionnaire was translated from English into German (forward, backward, four independent translators). Six interviews with family members were conducted to confirm the questionnaire for linguistic, conceptual, semantic and experiential equivalence and its practicability. The final German translation was tested for internal consistency, reproducibility and test validity. Criterion validity was tested by correlating the scores of the FROM-16 and the Global Health Scale (GHS). Principal component analysis, factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the questionnaire’s structure and its domains. Reliability and reproducibility were tested computing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) using one sample t-test for testing the hypothesis that the difference between the scores was not different from zero. Results Overall, 83 family members (61% female, median age: 61 years) completed the questionnaire at two different times (mean interval: 22 days). Internal consistency was good for the FROM-16 scores (Cronbach’s α for total score = 0.86). In those with stable GHS, the ICC for the total score was 0.87 and the difference was not different from zero (p = 0.262) indicating reproducible results. A bi-factor model with a general factor including all items, and two sub-factors comprising the items from the original 2-factor construct had the best fit. Conclusions The German FROM-16 has good reliability, test validity and practicability. It can be considered as an appropriate and generic tool to measure QoL of a patient’s partner or family member. Due to the presence of several cross-loadings we do not recommend the reporting of the scores of the two domains proposed for the original version of FROM-16 when using the German version. Thus, in reporting the results emphasis should be put on the total score. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered: DRKS00021070.

Getting the cues of elder abuse: an identification through dependency and modernization

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-139
Author(s):  
Naval Bajpai ◽  
Kushagra Kulshreshtha ◽  
Prince Dubey ◽  
Gunjan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Purpose In the present era of modernization, the social group members interact with each other with selfish and unselfish intents. However, the unselfish means and ends build a long term relationship among people. On the other hand, selfish ends bud out unethical means such as abuses, violence and fights. The situation becomes tough when the same becomes evident among the family relationship and as a consequence the elderly are being treated unfairly. Out of such cases, some are reported and the majority of them remain unreported, which eventually becomes the cause of concern for the social welfare agencies. Thus, this paper aims to examine the elder abuse (EA) tendency in metro, non-metro and religious cities. Design/methodology/approach For this study, a mixed-method approach is used to develop survey instruments, validate findings using qualitative and quantitative data sources for better generalization of results. The present study explored and confirmed the related factors using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis for the establishment of a valid scale of EA. Further, the difference of perceptions among the elders for abuse across the metro, non-metro and religious cities was statistically checked using the ANOVA and post hoc techniques. Findings The present study identified the traces of EA and created a comprehensive understanding of it. The present study manifests the prevailing practices of EA in society by discussing the demerits of dependency and modernization. Moreover, the present study assesses the pervasiveness and the repercussion of dependency and the impact of modernization on EA followed by a discussion on how the victim elders may handle the situation. In the present study, a scale is developed to identify EA because of the dependency of the elderly and the modernization of society. Originality/value Some exclaiming thoughts such as the dependency of elders elevate the chances of EA on one side, while modernization of society hampers the social/family bonding leading to EA. The inconsistent development across the region has created modernization as a significant factor for EA. The level and depth of modernization across locations such as metro, non-metro and religious cities are the cause for varying degrees of EA. Based on the literature review, the present study has sensed the presence of EA in society at large by developing a scale for the aforesaid purpose.

Research on Self-Propelled High Spray Machine Steel Stamping Forming

2013 ◽  
Vol 670 ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
R.H. Zhang ◽  
H. Miao
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Machine Steel ◽  
Single Factor Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Process Combination

In this paper through simulation a single factor analysis and research four parameters of Self-propelled high Spray Machine steel stamping forming ,including die gap(), die radius(r), friction coefficient(f) and drawbead height(h), on the impact of sheet forming. Considering the defects of steel forming in the actual production, the most important parameters is determined and four parameters and three level orthogonal experiments are carried out. The drawbead height (h) is the most important parameter affecting in steel forming that should be strictly controlled in the actual production. The die gap () is secondary. The die radius (r) and the friction coefficient (f) affect the least. In order to improve the quality of stamping, the3r2f3h3 process combination should be adopted, which provided some theoretical guidance in actual production

Impact of rheological properties of oil on pipeline operation energy efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Fedorov ◽  
◽  
Marat R. Lukmanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Correct Determination ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pumping Units ◽  
Electrical Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Variations in the performance of process modes and the efficiency of major pump units due to a mismatch between the planned and actual values of oil’s rheological properties leads to a deviation in actual electrical consumption compared to the planned level. A reduction formula makes it possible to quickly identify such deviations in the mid- and long-term (over the course of a month/year), with factor analysis determining the causes thereof. Such analysis should be carried out on the basis of variations in the properties of the materials and changes to the efficiency of pumping units due to shifts in their operating point. The role of variation of geodetic elevations at the beginning and end of process sections of major pipelines in determining the impact of changes in oil properties on consumed electrical power is considered. It has been found that the shorter the section and the greater the difference in geodetic elevations, the lower the share of energy consumed due to the changes in oil viscosity as a proportion of the total energy consumption in the pumping process mode. The experimental results point to the need to expand the list of parameters for conducting factor analysis and lead to the conclusion that a correct determination of the causes of deviation in actual power consumption from the planned values is only possible after hydraulic calculations of the process modes of the pipeline operation have been made.

scholarly journals Ride-Hailing Services and Alcohol Consumption: Longitudinal Analysis (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Burtch ◽  
Brad N Greenwood ◽  
Jeffrey S McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is associated with a wide range of adverse health consequences and a leading cause of preventable deaths. Ride-hailing services such as Uber have been found to prevent alcohol-related motor vehicle fatalities. These services may, however, facilitate alcohol consumption generally and binge drinking in particular. OBJECTIVE The goal of the research is to measure the impact of ride-hailing services on the extent and intensity of alcohol consumption. We allow these associations to depend on population density as the use of ride-hailing services varies across markets. METHODS We exploit the phased rollout of the ride-hailing platform Uber using a difference-in-differences approach. We use this variation to measure changes in alcohol consumption among a local population following Uber’s entry. Data are drawn from Uber press releases to capture platform entry and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems (BRFSS) Annual Survey to measure alcohol consumption in 113 metropolitan areas. Models are estimated using fixed-effects Poisson regression. Pre- and postentry trends are used to validate this approach. RESULTS Ride-hailing has no association with the extent of alcohol consumption in high (0.61 [95% CI –0.05% to 1.28%]) or low (0.61 [95% CI –0.05% to 1.28%]) density markets, but is associated with increases in the binge drinking rate in high-density markets (0.71 [95% CI 0.13% to 1.29%]). This corresponds to a 4% increase in binge drinking within a Metropolitan Statistical Area. CONCLUSIONS Ride-hailing services are associated with an increase in binge drinking, which has been associated with a wide array of adverse health outcomes. Drunk driving rates have fallen for more than a decade, while binge drinking continues to climb. Both trends may be accelerated by ride-hailing services. This suggests that health information messaging should increase emphasis on the direct dangers of alcohol consumption and binge drinking.

scholarly journals Estimates of alcohol-related mortality in Serbia (2016-2018)

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

The impact of alcohol on mortality is not negligible, not globally and especially not in Europe. Alcohol as a mortality factor in Serbia has not yet been specifically analysed, chiefly due to a lack of data. The cultural pattern and results from surrounding countries - as well as research on the extent of alcohol consumption in Serbia - all suggest that alcohol-related mortality represents a significant share of total mortality, especially when it comes to men. The results of the study on alcohol abuse or excessive consumption in this paper do not confirm that this mortality factor places a significant burden on the population. This paper provides estimates of alcohol-related mortality using guidelines from the World Health Organization. Analysis of the direct impact and estimates of the indirect impact of alcohol on mortality in Serbia (2016-2018) show that the average number of deaths is about 2,500 annually. The number of alcohol-related deaths is highest in the later years of life, while the proportion of alcohol-related deaths is highest in early adulthood. Men are more likely to consume alcohol, so their mortality is higher as a consequence. Men die from alcohol-related causes at a rate almost four times higher than that of women, and they have more deaths caused by alcohol than women across all age groups. The overall alcohol-related mortality rate for men is 56.6 per 100,000, while for women it is significantly lower at 14.2 per 100,000. The most common cause of alcohol-related mortality is in the form of digestive system diseases (about 26% of all alcohol-related deaths in Serbia), followed by tumours and violence (24% and 23% respectively). From region to region (NUTS 2), significant differences in alcohol-related mortality can be noted. Every third death due to alcohol occurs in Vojvodina, which leads the way for both sexes. There, values for men are as much as 60% higher than those in the Sumadija and Western Serbia regions, while those values are about 30% higher for women. Standardised alcohol-related death rates are highest in the north of Vojvodina, in the districts of North Backa and North Banat (NUTS 3). Moravicki, Sumadija, and Pirot districts have values that are about 30% lower than average for Serbia. Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the preventable mortality factors that can be addressed with appropriate prevention measures. Some good reasons to avoid alcohol abuse include longer lifespan, lower likelihood of depression, significantly lower likelihood of committing suicide, and lower likelihood of dying from liver disease. Those who drink less are also less likely to be involved in a car accident or have to deal with the police. When consumed in excess, alcohol disrupts family relationships, leads to obesity, damages the brain, and causes sexual dysfunction.

Validation of the Impact of Event Scale on a Sample of American Vietnam Veterans

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Hendrix ◽  
Anthony P. Jurich ◽  
Walter R. Schumm
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
General Level ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

The goal of the present report is to validate the Impact of Event Scale for use as a measure of the enduring nature of reactions to combat stress by 60 American Vietnam veterans. Validity was supported through significant correlations with measures of abusive violence and combat exposure. From factor analysis a single factor (general level of distress) supported the validity of the scale and thereby further use with Vietnam veterans.

Measuring Impact of Stress in Sandwich Generation Caring for Demented Parents

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence M. Solberg ◽  
Lauren B. Solberg ◽  
Emily N. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sandwich Generation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Caregivers ◽  
The Impact

Stress in caregivers may affect the healthcare recipients receive. We examined the impact of stress experienced by 45 adult caregivers of their elderly demented parents. The participants completed a 32-item questionnaire about the impact of experienced stress. The questionnaire also asked about interventions that might help to reduce the impact of stress. After exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 32-item questionnaire to 13 items. Results indicated that caregivers experienced stress, anxiety, and sadness. Also, emotional, but not financial or professional, well-being was significantly impacted. There was no significant difference between the impact of caregiver stress on members from the sandwich generation and those from the nonsandwich generation. Meeting with a social worker for resource availability was identified most frequently as a potentially helpful intervention for coping with the impact of stress.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Impact of Event Scale - Revised

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Orazem ◽  
Claire Hebenstreit ◽  
Daniel King ◽  
Lynda King ◽  
Arieh Shalev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Impact
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