scholarly journals Anti-Malarial Drug Development and Diffusion in an Era of Multidrug Resistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-287
Author(s):  
Freek de Haan ◽  
Ellen H.M. Moors
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
And Diffusion

The ability to ensure healthy lives and well-being (SDG3, healthy lives) is dependent on accessible and affordable healthcare for everyone in need. However, people in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) often lack access to health interventions such as innovative medicines to treat medical needs. This chapter develops a sustainable drug development and diffusion framework for LMICs. The framework is applied to evaluate a global health threat that challenges the achievement of SDG3 targets: the emergence of multidrug resistance to anti-malarial medicines. Malaria is a poverty-related infectious disease that is caused by parasites and transmitted through mosquitos. Malaria is well treatable and effective drugs do exist, but they often fail to reach the infected patients. These days, the first-line anti-malarial medicines are becoming less effective because of multidrug resistance. This requires urgent and coordinated action at the levels of drug development, diffusion, and utilization. The integrated framework evaluates this emerging health threat by discussing four themes: availability, affordability, accessibility, and acceptability. Moreover, the interdependence between those themes is assessed. Finally, policy implications are proposed to address this global health challenge and to proceed toward a sustainable system of drug development and diffusion in LMICs.

scholarly journals Call to Action for Nurses/Nursing

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahirose S. Premji ◽  
Jennifer Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Global Partnerships ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
New Vision

The 13 million nurses worldwide constitute most of the global healthcare workforce and are uniquely positioned to engage with others to address disparities in healthcare to achieve the goal of better health for all. A new vision for nurses involves active participation and collaboration with international colleagues across research practice and policy domains. Nursing can embrace new concepts and a new approach—“One World, One Health”—to animate nursing engagement in global health, as it is uniquely positioned to participate in novel ways to improve healthcare for the well-being of the global community. This opinion paper takes a historical and reflective approach to inform and inspire nurses to engage in global health practice, research, and policy to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. It can be argued that a colonial perspective currently informs scholarship pertaining to nursing global health engagement. The notion of unidirectional relationships where those with resources support training of those less fortunate has dominated the framing of nursing involvement in low- and middle-income countries. This paper suggests moving beyond this conceptualization to a more collaborative and equitable approach that positions nurses as cocreators and brokers of knowledge. We propose two concepts, reverse innovation and two-way learning, to guide global partnerships where nurses are active participants.

The Effect of Economic Development on Women’s Well-Being in the Developing Economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-421
Author(s):  
Azmat Gani ◽  
Alia Al-Fori
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract This study aims to investigate the effect of economic development, measured by per capita incomes, on women’s well-being by relating a country’s per capita GDP with several dimensions that affect women’s affluence and well-being within the economic, social, and political context. The analysis is based on the theoretical framework of the modernisation-neoclassical approach. Regression analysis is conducted on data from a sample of the countries in the low- and middle-income category to determine the effect of economic development on several indicators of women’s well-being. The results provide strong evidence that economic growth was associated with improvements in some economic and social indicators of women’s well-being in low- and middle-income countries. However, the results do not reveal any strong association between economic development and women’s political participation. Some policy implications are drawn.

Social Protection, Adolescent Well-Being, and Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Verma
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Social Protection Systems ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Effective social protection policies are crucial to realizing adolescents’ rights, ensuring their well-being, breaking the cycle of poverty and vulnerability, and helping them realize their full developmental potential. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have extended social security coverage to ensure basic protections—while continuing to develop social protection systems. Social protection for LMIC adolescents in the context of gross violations of their basic rights is examined. Prevalence, consequences of protection rights violations, and the role and impact of social protection programs in ensuring enhanced opportunities for development and well-being among young people are discussed. Results demonstrate direct impacts (e.g., increased income, consumption, goods and services access; greater social inclusion; reduced household stress). LMICs need integrated social protection policy and program expansion if the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to be realized. With adolescent-centered policies and investments, governments can help adolescents realize their rights to a fulfilling and productive life.

scholarly journals Evidence for Better Lives Study: a comparative birth-cohort study on child exposure to violence and other adversities in eight low- and middle-income countries - foundational research (study protocol)

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e034986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Valdebenito ◽  
Aja Murray ◽  
Claire Hughes ◽  
Adriana Băban ◽  
Asvini D Fernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Foundational Research

IntroductionViolence against children is a health, human rights and social problem affecting approximately half of the world’s children. Its effects begin at prenatal stages with long-lasting impacts on later health and well-being. The Evidence for Better Lives Study (EBLS) aims to produce high-quality longitudinal data from cities in eight low- and middle-income countries—Ghana, Jamaica, Pakistan, the Philippines, Romania, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Vietnam—to support effective intervention to reduce violence against children. EBLS-Foundational Research (EBLS-FR) tests critical aspects of the planned EBLS, including participant recruitment and retention, data collection and analysis. Alongside epidemiological estimates of levels and predictors of exposure to violence and adversity during pregnancy, we plan to explore mechanisms that may link exposure to violence to mothers’ biological stress markers and subjective well-being.Methods and analysesEBLS-FR is a short longitudinal study with a sample of 1200 pregnant women. Data are collected during the last trimester of pregnancy and 2 to 6 months after birth. The questionnaire for participating women has been translated into nine languages. Measures obtained from mothers will include, among others, mental and physical health, attitudes to corporal punishment, adverse childhood experiences, prenatal intimate partner violence, substance use and social/community support. Hair and dry blood spot samples are collected from the pregnant women to measure stress markers. To explore research participation among fathers, EBLS-FR is recruiting 300 fathers in the Philippines and Sri Lanka.Ethics and disseminationThe study received ethical approvals at all recruiting sites and universities in the project. Results will be disseminated through journal publications, conferences and seminar presentations involving local communities, health services and other stakeholders. Findings from this work will help to adjust the subsequent stages of the EBLS project.

scholarly journals Global health in low-income and middle-income countries: a framework for action

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e899-e900
Author(s):  
Isaac Olufadewa ◽  
Miracle Adesina ◽  
Toluwase Ayorinde
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

scholarly journals The burgeoning role of global health diplomacy to alleviate suffering of cancer patients in low- and middle-income countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-233
Author(s):  
Melissa Adomako ◽  
Alaei Kamiar ◽  
Abdulla Alshaikh ◽  
Lyndsay S Baines ◽  
Desiree Benson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Global Health Diplomacy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Diplomacy ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
And Control ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract The science of global health diplomacy (GHD) consists of cross-disciplinary, multistakeholder credentials comprised of national security, public health, international affairs, management, law, economics and trade policy. GHD is well placed to bring about better and improved multilateral stakeholder leverage and outcomes in the prevention and control of cancer. It is important to create an evidence base that provides clear and specific guidance for health practitioners in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) through involvement of all stakeholders. GHD can assist LMICs to negotiate across multilateral stakeholders to integrate prevention, treatment and palliative care of cancer into their commercial and trade policies.

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