Soldiers and Nationalism : The Glory and Transience of a Hard-Won Territorial Identity

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertjan Dijkink
Keyword(s):  
National Character ◽  
Heinrich Heine ◽  
German Market ◽  
Territorial Identity ◽  
German Art ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Manor House ◽  
The Right ◽  
Military Campaign ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Anton von Werner’s Im Etappenquartier vor Paris (In quarters before Paris) is based on a sketch done by the painter during the German military campaign against France in October 1870. German soldiers amuse themselves with songs at the piano in a requisitioned manor house near Paris (Brunoy). Attracted by the music, the French concierge and child appear in the doorway. Some mundane activities to further enhance the atmosphere are in progress: lamps are lighted and a fire is kindled in the fireplace. We even know the song that is performed: Schubert’s “Am Meer” (By the sea), with words by Heinrich Heine. Nothing yet anticipates the disillusioned statement of George Steiner that became characteristic of late-twentieth-century reflection on war and culture: “We know now that a man can read Goethe or Rilke in the evening, that he can play Bach and Schubert, and go to his day’s work at Auschwitz in the morning.” In Werner’s painting, war still seems to be an innocent affair that first of all produces mud-stained boots. These boots and the sphere of fraternization that even encompasses the French housekeeper were meant to evoke the impression of sincerity in German soldiers, according to a German art historian. Ultimately converted into a painting, the picture became really popular when it was sold on the German market as a small tapestry after 1895. As the German writer and critic Ludwig Pietsch wrote at the time, “[Such pictures show] the good-natured and sentimental nature of the national character [. . .] which even in the rough and wild times of war and in the midst of an irreconcilable enemy cannot be denied.” Not surprisingly, the French reading of this picture (once or twice on exhibition in Paris) is somewhat different: “The attitudes of the lumpish soldiers with their blusterous posture, their heavy mud-stained boots, are completely in contrast to the refinement of the furniture. The conquerors behave somewhat like vandals. At the right in the doorway, the maid, on whom an officer seems to have designs, watches the scene accompanied by her daughter, who is hardly able to hide her fear.”

scholarly journals Comparison Between the Anterior Ventricular Wall Thickness, Left and Right, and Considerations on Trabecular System of the Two Ventricles

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Gheorghiţescu Jancă Ruxandra ◽  
Iliescu Dan Marcel ◽  
Bordei Petru ◽  
Popescu-Chiriloaie Cristina ◽  
Tobă Marius
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Ventricular Wall ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
Anatomical Terminology ◽  
Ventricular Wall Thickness ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Abstract In recent decades (late twentieth century), have been reported multiple anatomical variations in relation to the concepts described classic, so what once was described as an anatomical variant in some cases has become predominant, not quite often proposing a revision of international anatomical terminology. This article is specifically addressed on the morphology of the papillary muscles of the two ventricles, describing the differences between the left and the right anterior ventricular walls.

Democracy and the Cartelization of Political Parties

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Katz ◽  
Peter Mair
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Party System ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Managerial Competence ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Right ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Political parties have long been recognized as essential institutions of democratic governance. Both the organization of parties, and their relationships with citizens, the state, and each other have evolved since the rise of liberal democracy in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Going into the twenty-first century, it appears that parties are losing popular support, putting both parties, and potentially democracy, in peril. This book traces the evolution of parties from the model of the mass party, through the catch-all party model, to argue that by the late twentieth century the principal governing parties (and their allied smaller parties—collectively the political “mainstream”) were effectively forming a cartel, in which the form of competition might remain, and indeed even appear to intensify, while its substance was increasingly hollowed out. The spoils of office were increasingly shared rather than restricted to the temporary winners; contentious policy questions were kept off the political agenda, and competition shifted from large questions of policy to minor questions of managerial competence. To support this cartel, the internal arrangements of parties changed to privilege the party in public office over the party on the ground. The unintended consequence has been to stimulate the rise of extra-cartel challengers to these cozy arrangements in the form of anti-party-system parties and populist oppositions on the left, but especially on the right.

After the Declaration of Perth: All Change!

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Kellas
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
British Society ◽  
Scottish National Party ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Right ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Scottish Politics

This chapter talks about the leading Scottish National Party (SNP) politicians and how they talk of ‘a British society in conjunction with a Scottish state’. It also reports that it is ‘difficult to imagine an independent Scotland pursuing an anti-English policy’. There is no clear conflict between Scotland and England. Rather, the shifting conflicts mostly appear within the British parties (and between these and the SNP). The unionists as Scottish nationalists and the nationalists as unionists are explored. Conservatives saw the Scottish Office as a bulwark against nationalism and devolution. The Liberal Democrats changed stance on two counts. They had long supported federalism, but settled for devolution when that was offered by Labour in the late 1970s. Socialism and nationalism were combined in the service of the Scottish Labour Party. The changes and paradoxes in Scottish politics are elaborated. Two methods of explanation are apparent. The first is structural, the second ideological. It looks as if the structural analysis carries more weight than the ideological one. Independence is more problematic than devolution. The democratic ideology of the late twentieth century legitimised the sovereignty of the voting public, and with it the right of national self-determination.

Against ‘Englishness’: English Culture and the Limits to Rural Nostalgia, 1850–1940

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mandler
Keyword(s):  
Folk Song ◽  
National Character ◽  
British Society ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Elite Culture ◽  
Country Life ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Dominant Classes ◽  
English Culture ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

OVER the last fifteen years, a substantial literature has welled up, practically from nowhere, purporting to anatomise ‘Englishness’. ‘Englishness’, this literature suggests, is not a true estimate of national character, an enduring national essence, but rather a historical construct that was developed towards the end of the nineteenth century by the ‘dominant classes’ in British society in order to tame or thwart the tendencies of their day towards modernism, urbanism and democracy that might otherwise have overwhelmed elite culture. These aspirations for social control determined the lineaments of the new ‘Englishness’. Nostalgic, deferential and rural, ‘Englishness’ identified the squire-archical village of Southern or ‘Deep’ England as the template on which the national character had been formed and thus the ideal towards which it must inevitably return. Purveyed by the ‘dominant classes’ to the wider culture by means of a potent array of educational and political instruments—ranging from the magazineCountry Lifeto the folk-song fad to the National Trust to Stanley Baldwin's radio broadcasts—‘Englishness’ reversed the modernising thrust of the Indus-trial Revolution and has condemned late twentieth-century Britain to economic decline, cultural stagnation and social division.

The Netherlands Antilles and Aruba, an Embarrassing Legacy of the Dutch Colonial era? Dutch Duties Revisited

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-193
Author(s):  
Frans A. Nelissen ◽  
Arjen J.P. Tillema
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
International Law ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Netherlands Antilles ◽  
Dutch Policy ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Right ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Dutch Colonial

Decolonization in the late twentieth century sometimes differs markedly from the classicalpost-war decolonizationphenomenon. While colonies were then fighting for their independence, today (ex) colonies might have to spend their energy on efforts to prevent being forced into independence. In the case of the Antilles and Aruba, the Dutch seem to view the islands as a somewhat embarrassing legacy of the Dutch colonial era and are seeking to sever all constitutional links with the islands although sofar the Netherlands Antilles have refused to discuss independence at all, while Aruba appears to have some second thoughts about its 1996-independence choice. The issue raises questions of international law, most of them concerning the right of all peoplestoself-determination. The authorsdescribeandanalyze Dutch policy and conclude that it is not in line with Dutch duties under international law.

Nine Centuries of Man

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history

Trey Ellis's Platitudes: Redefining Black Voices

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Quan Manh Ha
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
American Literature ◽  
African American Literature ◽  
Black Experience ◽  
Racial Issues ◽  
Black Voices ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
One Year ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Trey Ellis has emerged as a prominent African American writer of the late-twentieth century, despite the small number of his published works. “The New Black Aesthetic,” an essay that he first published in CaUaloo in 1989, one year after the publication of his first novel, Platitudes, stands as a manifesto that defines and articulates his perspective on the emerging black literary voices and culture of the time, and on “the future of African American artistic expression” in the postmodern era.1 According to Eric Lott, Ellis's novel parodies the literary and cultural conflict between such male experimental writers as lshmael Reed and such female realist writers as Alice Walker.2 Thus, Ellis's primary purpose in writing Platitudes is to redefine how African Americans should be represented in fiction, implying that neither of the dominant approaches can completely articulate late-twentieth-century black experience when practiced in isolation. In its final passages, Platitudes represents a synthesis of the two literary modes or styles, and it embodies quite fully the diversity of black cultural identities at the end of the twentieth century as it extends African American literature beyond racial issues. In this way, the novel exemplifies the literary agenda that Ellis suggests in his theoretical essay.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document