An Early Framework for a Cognitive Neuroscience of Visual Aesthetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Anjan Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Aesthetic Experiences ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Visual Aesthetics ◽  
The Rich

In the early 2000s, no framework within which to investigate the biology of aesthetics had been articulated. The author believes that a componential framework, as was common in cognitive psychology, applied to neuroaesthetics made sense. Such frameworks were commonly applied to complex cognitive domains, such as in language, emotion processing, or visual processing research. As such, the author proposes a “box and arrow” model which incorporated levels of visual processing, emotions, attention, and decision-making. The advantage of such a framework is that specific experiments could be placed in the context of testing hypotheses of parts of a larger system deployed for aesthetic processing. The framework has held up well over the years, although the author believes he did not sufficiently emphasize the role of the motor system and the rich contribution of semantics in aesthetic experiences.

scholarly journals Are ICTs Prerequisites for the Eradication of Poverty?

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
H P P Lötter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

I provide a philosophical analysis of the claim that ICTs are necessary preconditions for the eradication of poverty. What are the links between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and poverty? I first define technology and then give a brief depiction of ICTs. Thereafter I define poverty and give a brief expla-nation of its context and causes. Next I discuss the relationship between poverty and ICTs in three paradigm cases: [i] the role of ICTs in poor societies, [ii] the effect of poor ICT knowledge and skill of individuals in highly developed technological societies, and [iii] the impact of impoverished ICT knowledge and skills on the rich, powerful, and intelligent ones in society. I propose a procedure for decision making about the appropria-tion of ICTs by individuals and societies. I assess the claim that both access to ICTs and effective use of them are preconditions for the eradication of poverty.

scholarly journals Visualizing Data to Support Judgement, Inference, and Decision Making in Learning Analytics: Insights from Cognitive Psychology and Visualization Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakinah S.J. Alhadad
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Inference Making ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Data Visualizations ◽  
Effective Design

Understanding human judgement and decision making during visual inspection of data is of both practical and theoretical interest. While visualizing data is a commonly employed mechanism to support complex cognitive processes such as inference, judgement, and decision making, the process of supporting and scaffolding cognition through effective design is less well understood. Applying insights from cognitive psychology and visualization science, this paper critically discusses the role of human factors — visual attention, perception, judgement, and decision making — toward informing methodological choices when visualizing data. The value of visualizing data is discussed in two key domains: 1) visualizing data as a means of communication; and 2) visualizing data as research methodology. The first applies cognitive science principles and research evidence to inform data visualization design for communication. The second applies data- and cognitive-science to deepen our understanding of data, of its uncertainty, and of analysis when making inferences. The evidence for human capacity limitations — attention and cognition — are discussed in the context of data visualizations to support inference-making in both domains, and are followed by recommendations. Finally, how learning analytics can further research on understanding the role data visualizations can play in supporting complex cognition is proposed.

The Role of Affect in the Creation and Intentional Pursuit of Entrepreneurial Ideas

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Hayton ◽  
Magdalena Cholakova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Affect And Cognition ◽  
Attention Memory ◽  
The Creation

The creation and intentional pursuit of entrepreneurial ideas lies at the core of the domain of entrepreneurship. Recent empirical work in a number of diverse fields such as cognitive psychology, social cognition, neuroscience, and neurophysiology all suggest that dual processes involving affect and cognition have a significant impact on judgment and decision making. Existing cognitive models ignore this significant role. In this article we develop a framework for understanding the role of affect on idea perception and the intention to develop the entrepreneurial idea. We present a set of testable propositions that link affect to entrepreneurial idea perception through its influence on attention, memory, and creativity. A second set of propositions links affect to the intention to pursue these ideas further. We explore the boundary conditions and moderators of the proposed relationships, and discuss the implications of this framework for existing cognitive and psychological perspectives on entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Motor engagement relates to accurate perception of phonemes and audiovisual words, but not auditory words

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Michaelis ◽  
Makoto Miyakoshi ◽  
Gina Norato ◽  
Andrei V. Medvedev ◽  
Peter E. Turkeltaub
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Environmental Sounds ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Word ◽  
Interactive Network ◽  
Accurate Perception

AbstractA longstanding debate has surrounded the role of the motor system in speech perception, but progress in this area has been limited by tasks that only examine isolated syllables and conflate decision-making with perception. Using an adaptive task that temporally isolates perception from decision-making, we examined an EEG signature of motor activity (sensorimotor μ/beta suppression) during the perception of auditory phonemes, auditory words, audiovisual words, and environmental sounds while holding difficulty constant at two levels (Easy/Hard). Results revealed left-lateralized sensorimotor μ/beta suppression that was related to perception of speech but not environmental sounds. Audiovisual word and phoneme stimuli showed enhanced left sensorimotor μ/beta suppression for correct relative to incorrect trials, while auditory word stimuli showed enhanced suppression for incorrect trials. Our results demonstrate that motor involvement in perception is left-lateralized, is specific to speech stimuli, and it not simply the result of domain-general processes. These results provide evidence for an interactive network for speech perception in which dorsal stream motor areas are dynamically engaged during the perception of speech depending on the characteristics of the speech signal. Crucially, this motor engagement has different effects on the perceptual outcome depending on the lexicality and modality of the speech stimulus.

Effects of Anger and Sadness on Attentional Patterns in Decision Making: An Eye-Tracking Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Xing
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Persuasive Messages

Past research examining the effect of anger and sadness on decision making has associated anger with a relatively more heuristic decision-making approach. However, it is unclear whether angry and sad individuals differ while attending to decision-relevant information. An eye-tracking experiment ( N = 87) was conducted to examine the role of attention in links between emotion and decision making. Angry individuals looked more and earlier toward heuristic cues while making decisions, whereas sad individuals did not show such bias. Implications for designing persuasive messages and studying motivated visual processing were discussed.

Facial Attractiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Mitrovic ◽  
Juergen Goller
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Visual Aesthetics ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich

Facial attractiveness is one of the most ubiquitous forms of beauty that people encounter and value. It is a unique category in visual aesthetics because of its deep biological foundation and essential significance for social interactions. This chapter gives an overview and discusses the rich history of facial attractiveness research from four perspectives. First, the face itself is discussed, asking what makes a face attractive, with reference to local features such as eye color and spatial configurations, and global characteristics like symmetry and averageness. Attention then turns to the face bearer, and a distinction is drawn between facial attractiveness and personal characteristics like mate quality, familiarity, and the “what is beautiful is good” stereotype. Next, the chapter examines the role of the observer, and how individual characteristics explain differences in taste and effects of facial attractiveness on perception and cognition. Finally, some inherent limitations to this research are addressed.

scholarly journals Motivated Cognition: Effects of Reward, Emotion, and Other Motivational Factors Across a Variety of Cognitive Domains

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Madan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Motivated Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Approach Avoidance

A growing body of literature has demonstrated that motivation influences cognitive processing. The breadth of these effects is extensive and span influences of reward, emotion, and other motivational processes across all cognitive domains. As examples, this scope includes studies of emotional memory, value-based attentional capture, emotion effects on semantic processing, reward-related biases in decision making, and the role of approach/avoidance motivation on cognitive scope. Additionally, other less common forms of motivation–cognition interactions, such as self-referential and motoric processing can also be considered instances of motivated cognition. Here I outline some of the evidence indicating the generality and pervasiveness of these motivation influences on cognition, and introduce the associated ‘research nexus’ at Collabra: Psychology.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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