The Role of Affect in the Creation and Intentional Pursuit of Entrepreneurial Ideas

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Hayton ◽  
Magdalena Cholakova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Affect And Cognition ◽  
Attention Memory ◽  
The Creation

The creation and intentional pursuit of entrepreneurial ideas lies at the core of the domain of entrepreneurship. Recent empirical work in a number of diverse fields such as cognitive psychology, social cognition, neuroscience, and neurophysiology all suggest that dual processes involving affect and cognition have a significant impact on judgment and decision making. Existing cognitive models ignore this significant role. In this article we develop a framework for understanding the role of affect on idea perception and the intention to develop the entrepreneurial idea. We present a set of testable propositions that link affect to entrepreneurial idea perception through its influence on attention, memory, and creativity. A second set of propositions links affect to the intention to pursue these ideas further. We explore the boundary conditions and moderators of the proposed relationships, and discuss the implications of this framework for existing cognitive and psychological perspectives on entrepreneurship.

An Early Framework for a Cognitive Neuroscience of Visual Aesthetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Anjan Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Aesthetic Experiences ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Visual Aesthetics ◽  
The Rich

In the early 2000s, no framework within which to investigate the biology of aesthetics had been articulated. The author believes that a componential framework, as was common in cognitive psychology, applied to neuroaesthetics made sense. Such frameworks were commonly applied to complex cognitive domains, such as in language, emotion processing, or visual processing research. As such, the author proposes a “box and arrow” model which incorporated levels of visual processing, emotions, attention, and decision-making. The advantage of such a framework is that specific experiments could be placed in the context of testing hypotheses of parts of a larger system deployed for aesthetic processing. The framework has held up well over the years, although the author believes he did not sufficiently emphasize the role of the motor system and the rich contribution of semantics in aesthetic experiences.

scholarly journals Where to Go From Here? Toward a Model of 2-Year College Students’ Postsecondary Pathway Selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly R. Wickersham
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Postsecondary Pathways

Objective: Empirical work explaining student mobility, particularly postsecondary pathways among 2-year college students, remains limited. This study examines the underlying process that drives 2-year college students into one or more pathways as they navigate higher education. Method: Drawing upon survey, transcript, and interview data from one transfer-focused and two comprehensive community colleges in a Midwestern state, this study uses a grounded theory approach to develop a conceptual model to understand college students’ decision-making process when choosing among competing postsecondary pathways. Results: The resulting College Pathway (Re)Selection Model Among Beginning 2-Year College Students contained two categories—lifetime decision-making and short-term decision-making—that defined the purposes of students’ decisions as they navigate postsecondary education. Within the categories, 2-year college students described the role of payoff, fit, transferability, place, flexibility, and mobility in their decision-making process. Contributions: This study offers a new model that explains what shapes 2-year college students’ decisions and challenges notions of postsecondary pathways, student progress, success, and completion in the context of 2-year college students’ fluid lives and goals.

Why Won’t You Listen to Me? Measuring Receptiveness to Opposing Views

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3069-3094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Minson ◽  
Frances S. Chen ◽  
Catherine H. Tinsley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Opposing Party ◽  
Report Measure

We develop an 18-item self-report measure of receptiveness to opposing views. Studies 1a and 1b present the four-factor scale and report measures of internal, convergent, and discriminant validity. In study 2, more receptive individuals chose to consume proportionally more information from U.S. senators representing the opposing party than from their own party. In study 3, more receptive individuals reported less mind wandering when viewing a speech with which they disagreed, relative to one with which they agreed. In study 4, more receptive individuals evaluated supporting and opposing policy arguments more impartially. In study 5, we find that voters who opposed Donald Trump but reported being more receptive at the time of the election were more likely to watch the inauguration, evaluate the content of the inauguration speech in a more even-handed manner, and select a more balanced portfolio of news outlets for later consumption than their less receptive counterparts. We discuss the scale as a tool to investigate the role of receptiveness for conflict, decision making, and collaboration. This paper was accepted by Elke Weber, judgment and decision making.

Weather Forecasting by Humans—Heuristics and Decision Making

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Doswell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Weather Forecasters ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Considerable Insight

Abstract The decision-making literature contains considerable information about how humans approach tasks involving uncertainty using heuristics. Although there is some reason to believe that weather forecasters are not identical in all respects to the typical subjects used in judgment and decision-making studies, there also is evidence that weather forecasters are not so different that the existing understanding of human cognition as it relates to making decisions is entirely inapplicable to weather forecasters. Accordingly, some aspects of cognition and decision making are reviewed and considered in terms of how they apply to human weather forecasters, including biases introduced by heuristics. Considerable insight into human forecasting could be gained by applying available studies of the cognitive psychology of decision making. What few studies exist that have used weather forecasters as subjects suggest that further work might well be productive in terms of helping to guide the improvement of weather forecasts by humans. It is concluded that a multidisciplinary approach, involving disciplines outside of meteorology, needs to be developed and supported if there is to be a future role for humans in forecasting the weather.

scholarly journals Role of human factors in pediatric cardiac surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2016 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aklaque Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Pediatric Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Intended Action ◽  
Healthcare Improvement ◽  
Attention Memory

According to the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, “human factors” refers to the discipline of engineering that details the interface of people, equipment and the environment in which they work. Issues that impact human performance and increase the risk of error include factors that directly enable decision making, such as perception, attention, memory, reasoning, judgement and factors that directly enable decision execution, such as communication and the ability to carry out the intended action. 

scholarly journals Retrosplenial cortex is necessary for spatial and non-spatial latent learning in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Bottura de Barros ◽  
Liad J Baruchin ◽  
Marios C Panayi ◽  
Nils Nyberg ◽  
Veronika Samborska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Latent Learning ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Spatial Decision Making ◽  
The Creation

Latent learning occurs when associations are formed between stimuli in the absence of explicit reinforcement. Traditionally, latent learning in rodents has been associated with the creation internal models of space. However, increasing evidence points to roles of internal models also in non-spatial decision making. Whether the same brain structures and processes support the creation of spatially-anchored or non-spatial internal models via latent learning, is an open question. To address this question, we developed a novel operant box task that allows to test spatial and non-spatial versions of a flavour-based sensory preconditioning paradigm. We probed the role of the retrosplenial cortex, a brain area associated with spatial cognition and subjective value representation, in this task using precise, closed-loop optogenetic silencing during different task phases. We show that the retrosplenial cortex is necessary for both spatial and non-spatial latent learning in mice. We further demonstrate that the requirement of retrosplenial cortex is limited to the preconditioning phase of the task. Our results provide insight into the specific role of the retrosplenial cortex in latent learning, demonstrate that latent learning plays a general part in the creation of internal models, independent of spatial anchors, and provide a novel avenue for studying model-based decision making.

scholarly journals Fear from Afar, Not So Risky After All: Distancing Moderates the Relationship Between Fear and Risk Taking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewend Mayiwar ◽  
Fredrik Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship

A growing line of research has shown that individuals can regulate emotional biases in risky judgment and decision-making processes through cognitive reappraisal. In the present study, we focus on a specific tactic of reappraisal known as distancing. Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion and the emotion regulation literature, we examine how distancing moderates the relationship between fear and risk taking and anger and risk taking. In three pre-registered studies (Ntotal = 1,483), participants completed various risky judgment and decision-making tasks. Replicating previous results, Study 1 revealed a negative relationship between fear and risk taking and a positive relationship between anger and risk taking at low levels of distancing. Study 2 replicated the interaction between fear and distancing but found no interaction between anger and distancing. Interestingly, at high levels of distancing, we observed a reversal of the relationship between fear and risk taking in both Study 1 and 2. Study 3 manipulated emotion and distancing by asking participants to reflect on current fear-related and anger-related stressors from an immersed or distanced perspective. Study 3 found no main effect of emotion nor any evidence of a moderating role of distancing. However, exploratory analysis revealed a main effect of distancing on optimistic risk estimation, which was mediated by a reduction in self-reported fear. Overall, the findings suggest that distancing can help regulate the influence of incidental fear on risk taking and risk estimation. We discuss implications and suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals The role of social media in the creation of brand experiences

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (61) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Losada-Otálora ◽  
Iván D. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Brand Associations ◽  
Content Consumption ◽  
The Creation

The relationship between social media and brand experience remains unclear in spite of the strategic importance of social platforms in marketing. To narrow this gap of knowledge, this paper addresses three research objectives: first, defining what is brand experience on social media. Second, explaining how does brand experience come to life on social media? And, third, understanding how do social media create a brand experience. A set of propositions that comes from sense-making, marketing, and cognitive literature suggests that (a) brand experience on social media is the bundle of brand associations to attributes, emotions, or sensations that result from a sense-making process by which a consumer gives meaning to brand-related content consumption or creation on social media; (b) consumer encodes, stores, and retrieves brand experiences for declarative memory as brand associations to attributes, emotions, or sensations; (c) social media may trigger brand experience creation; however, these media may have challenging effects for brand experiences management (e.g., make difficult the creation of long-term brand experiences). Such a conceptual understanding of the role of social media at customer experience creation, paired with a set proposition for empirical work, provide a guide to future research into this field.

Episodic Inputs to Moral Cognition: The Role of Memory and Imagination in Shaping the Moral Mind

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Gaesser ◽  
Zoe Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Moral Cognition ◽  
Affective Processes

Research in psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy has proposed a multifaceted view of human cognition and morality, establishing that inputs from multiple cognitive and affective processes such as theory of mind, semantic knowledge, and language guide moral judgment and decision-making. However, the extant perspective of moral cognition has largely overlooked a critical role for episodic representation. The ability to remember or imagine a specific moment in the past or future, supported by the medial temporal lobe subsystem, plays a broadly influential role in how people think, feel, and behave. Yet existing research has only just begun to explore the influence of episodic representation on moral judgment and decision-making. Here, we evaluate the theoretical connections between episodic representation and moral judgment, review emerging empirical work revealing how episodic representation affects moral judgment and decision-making, and conclude by highlighting gaps in the literature and future directions to explore. We argue that a comprehensive model of moral cognition will require including contributions of the episodic memory system, further delineating its direct influence on morality as well as better understanding how this system engages and interacts with other mental processes to fundamentally shape human morality.

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