scholarly journals The Integrative Approach to Assessing and Managing Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-298
Author(s):  
Alex John London
Keyword(s):  
Component Analysis ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Clinical Equipoise ◽  
Adaptive Randomization ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Status ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Equal Concern

This chapter articulates the integrative approach to assessing and managing risk in research. This framework is grounded, not in role-related obligations, but in respect for the basic interests of persons. It models uncertainty as a property of a moderately idealized community of diverse experts, and it shows how studies that are designed to reduce conflict or uncertainty within such a community can reconcile the production of socially valuable information with respect for the status of research participants as free and equal. The merits of this approach relative to prominent alternatives, including component analysis, clinical equipoise, the non-exploitation view and the net risk view are elaborated at length. The merits off the integrative approach are demonstrated by showing how this framework allows trial that use response adaptive randomization to be designed in ways that respect a principle of equal concern and a series of related ethical requirements.

Culturally-Connected Integrated STEM Instruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 751-769
Author(s):  
Tiffany S. Powell
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
New York State ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Culturally Diverse Students ◽  
Integrated Stem ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stem Instruction ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Culturally Connected

This chapter provides an overview of integrative STEM instruction through the lens of culturally connected practices as a foundation for elementary learners. The integrative STEM model can be a catalyst for increasing the number of culturally diverse, competent contributors to the STEM field. At the heart of an integrative approach to STEM instruction, students are exposed to rich science, technology, engineering, and mathematics content in ways that propel culturally diverse students to dive into these once exclusive bodies of knowledge with zeal and confidence. The only way this can occur is by having teachers whose belief systems 1) support the importance of rigorous learning, 2) are willing to challenge the status quo, and 3) who are adequately versed in culturally responsive teaching approaches. Additionally, this chapter highlights the implementation of Wheel Instruction for Integrative STEM through two professional development cycles within an urban school district in the New York State Capital Region.

scholarly journals Partnering for change

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L.P. MacLeod ◽  
Neil Hanlon ◽  
Trish Reay ◽  
David Snadden ◽  
Cathy Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Health Authority ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Healthcare Transformation

Purpose Despite many calls to strengthen connections between health systems and communities as a way to improve primary healthcare, little is known about how new collaborations can effectively alter service provision. The purpose of this paper is to explore how a health authority, municipal leaders and physicians worked together in the process of transforming primary healthcare. Design/methodology/approach A longitudinal qualitative case study was conducted to explore the processes of change at the regional level and within seven communities across Northern British Columbia (BC), Canada. Over three years, 239 interviews were conducted with physicians, municipal leaders, health authority clinicians and leaders and other health and social service providers. Interviews and contextual documents were analyzed and interpreted to articulate how ongoing transformation has occurred. Findings Four overall strategies with nine approaches were apparent. The strategies were partnering for innovation, keeping the focus on people in communities, taking advantage of opportunities for change and encouraging experimentation while managing risk. The strategies have bumped the existing system out of the status quo and are achieving transformation. Key components have been a commitment to a clear end-in-view, a focus on patients, families, and communities, and acting together over time. Originality/value This study illuminates how partnering for primary healthcare transformation is messy and complicated but can create a foundation for whole system change.

scholarly journals Systematics and geographical distribution ofGalbaspecies, a group of cryptic and worldwide freshwater snails

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Alda ◽  
Manon Lounnas ◽  
Antonio A. Vázquez ◽  
Rolando Ayaqui ◽  
Manuel Calvopiña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
Almost All

AbstractCryptic species can present a significant challenge to the application of systematic and biogeographic principles, especially if they are invasive or transmit parasites or pathogens. Detecting cryptic species requires a pluralistic approach in which molecular markers facilitate the detection of coherent taxonomic units that can then be analyzed using various traits (e.g., internal morphology) and crosses. In asexual or self-fertilizing species, the latter criteria are of limited use. We studied a group of cryptic freshwater snails (genusGalba)from the family Lymnaeidae that have invaded almost all continents, reproducing mainly by self-fertilization and transmitting liver flukes to humans and livestock. We aim to clarify the systematics, distribution and phylogenetic relationships of these species with an integrative approach that includes morphology (shell and reproductive anatomy), molecular markers, wide-scale sampling across America, and data retrieved from GenBank (to include Old World samples). Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that the genusGalbaoriginated ca. 22 Myr ago and today comprises six clusters of species. Four of these clusters (G.truncatula,G.cubensis/viator,G.humilisandG.schirazensis) are morphologically cryptic and constitute species or species complexes with wide variation in their genetic diversity, geographic distribution and invasiveness. The other two clusters constitute a single species or a species complex (Galba cousini/meridensis) that demonstrate more geographically restricted distributions and exhibit an alternative morphology more phylogenetically derived than the cryptic one. Further genetic studies are required to clarify the status of bothG. cousini/meridensisandG.cubensis/viator. We emphasize that noGalbaspecies should be identified without molecular markers and that additional sampling is required, especially in North America, Eurasia and Africa to clarify remaining questions in systematics and biogeography. We also discuss several hypotheses that can explain crypsis inGalba, such as convergence and morphological stasis, and hypothesize a role for stabilizing selection in amphibious (rather than strictly freshwater) habitats.

scholarly journals A multigene and morphological analysis expands the diversity of the seabod shrimp Xiphopenaeus Smith, 1869 (Decapoda: Penaeidae), with descriptions of two new species

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abner Carvalho-Batista ◽  
Mariana Terossi ◽  
Fernando J. Zara ◽  
Fernando L. Mantelatto ◽  
Rogerio C. Costa
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

Abstract After being stable for nearly a century, the taxonomic history of the genus Xiphopenaeus has been marked by many changes in the last three decades. The taxonomic status of the Atlantic species has a low resolution, and many species are still undefined and grouped as cryptic species. Here we employed an integrative approach to define the species of Xiphopenaeus and the morphological characters needed to differentiate them. We combined the analyses of two molecular markers (COI and 16 S rDNA), scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Based on specimens from 17 localities from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, we detected five divergent genetic groups, three in the Atlantic (A1, A2, A3) and two in the Pacific (P1, P2). Male secondary sexual characters were able to differentiate four out of the five genetic groups. Group A1 corresponds to X. kroyeri, and A2 and A3 correspond to new species. We redescribed the genus and two new species are described and illustrated: Xiphopenaeus dincao nov. sp. (A2) and Xiphopenaeus baueri nov. sp. (A3). Since the holotype of X. riveti was missing and the specimen analysed from group P2 was a female, the status of the species of Xiphopenaeus from the Pacific remains unresolved.

Culturally-Connected Integrated STEM Instruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-137
Author(s):  
Tiffany S. Powell
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
New York State ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Culturally Diverse Students ◽  
Integrated Stem ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stem Instruction ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Culturally Connected

This chapter provides an overview of integrative STEM instruction through the lens of culturally connected practices as a foundation for elementary learners. The integrative STEM model can be a catalyst for increasing the number of culturally diverse, competent contributors to the STEM field. At the heart of an integrative approach to STEM instruction, students are exposed to rich science, technology, engineering, and mathematics content in ways that propel culturally diverse students to dive into these once exclusive bodies of knowledge with zeal and confidence. The only way this can occur is by having teachers whose belief systems 1) support the importance of rigorous learning, 2) are willing to challenge the status quo, and 3) who are adequately versed in culturally responsive teaching approaches. Additionally, this chapter highlights the implementation of Wheel Instruction for Integrative STEM through two professional development cycles within an urban school district in the New York State Capital Region.

CTNI-40. EVALUATING FEASIBILITY AND EFFICIENCY OF PHASE II ADAPTIVE PLATFORM TRIAL DESIGNS BASED ON THE INDIVIDUALIZED SCREENING TRIAL OF INNOVATIVE GLIOBLASTOMA THERAPY (INSIGhT) EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi68-vi69
Author(s):  
Rifaquat Rahman ◽  
Lorenzo Trippa ◽  
Eudocia Quant Lee ◽  
Isabel Arrillaga-Romany ◽  
Mehdi Touat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Experimental Therapy ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Adaptive Randomization ◽  
Common Control ◽  
The Status ◽  
Trial Efficiency ◽  
Screening Trial

Abstract BACKGROUND The Individualized Screening Trial of Innovative Glioblastoma Therapy (INSIGhT) is a phase II platform trial with Bayesian adaptive randomization and deep genomic profiling to more efficiently test experimental agents in newly diagnosed glioblastoma and to prioritize therapies for late-stage testing. METHODS In the ongoing INSIGhT trial, patients with newly diagnosed MGMT-unmethylated glioblastoma are randomized to the control arm or one of three experimental therapy arms (CC-115, abemaciclib, and neratinib). The control arm therapy is radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide, and primary endpoint is overall survival. Randomization has been adapted based on Bayesian estimation of biomarker-specific probability of treatment impact on progression-free survival (PFS). All tumors undergo detailed molecular sequencing, and this is facilitated with the companion ALLELE protocol. To evaluate feasibility of this approach, we assessed the status of this ongoing trial. RESULTS Since INSIGhT was activated 4.3 years ago, it has expanded to include 12 sites across the United States. A total of 247 patients have been enrolled. Randomization probabilities have been repeatedly adjusted over time based upon early PFS results to alter the randomization ratio from standard 1:1:1:1 randomization. All three arms have completed accrual and efficacy estimates are available based upon comparison to the common control arm in context of relevant biomarkers. There are 87 patients alive and in follow-up, and there are ongoing plans to add additional arms to evaluate further treatments in the future. CONCLUSION The INSIGhT trial demonstrates that a multi-center Bayesian adaptive platform trial is a feasible and effective approach to help prioritize therapies and biomarkers for newly diagnosed GBM. The trial has maintained robust accrual, and the simultaneous testing of multiple agents, sharing a common control arm and adaptive randomization serve as features to increase trial efficiency relative to traditional clinical trial designs.

scholarly journals Labour law implications of IV industrial revolution and digitalization of labour: Normative challenges and perspective of development

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sanja Stojković-Zlatanović
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

IV industrial revolution and digitalization of production and labour have a positive impact on economic and social development. However, consideration and analysis of the challenges of adapting the existing international legal framework in terms of guidelines for redefining national policies and responding to changes in the field of work are necessary to ensure decent working conditions and protection of the basic rights of employees. By applying the normative, comparative-legal, and axiological method, the paper aims to identify basic legal issues of the status of workers regarding changes caused by the IV industrial revolution. After determining the theoretical-conceptual framework of the so-called platform work, the advantages and disadvantages of using Internet technology in the field of work, as well as possible ways to eliminate them are pointed out. Furthermore, a special focus is on the application of the Internet of Things technology in the field of health and safety at work. The worker-oriented concept in terms of a holistic and integrative approach to the subject of the research should result in the establishment of basic legal assumptions of the regulatory and normative framework of new forms of work.

Punishment and Type of Feedback in a Simulated Commons Dilemma

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Harvey ◽  
Paul A. Bell ◽  
Andrej A. Birjulin
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Commons Dilemma ◽  
The Status ◽  
Common Resource ◽  
The Common

351 research participants in groups of three harvested resources from a slowly regenerating, shared pool in a computer-assisted game. Feedback after each round of play consisted of information about the status of the resource pool, information about the other participants' harvesting choices, or no feedback at all. Exploitation was either not punished or punished by individual or group. Analysis showed that either form of punishment improved harvests from the common resource but that feedback had no such influence.

Cyathea Sm. (Cyatheaceae) on Trindade Island (Brazil): An integrative approach

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 487 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
ALLAN LAID ALKIMIM FARIA ◽  
ALEXANDRE SALINO ◽  
MICHELINE CARVALHO-SILVA ◽  
MICHAEL STECH ◽  
EDUARDO TOLEDO DE AMORIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Molecular Variation ◽  
Habitat Suitability Modeling ◽  
Trindade Island ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scanning Electron

Trindade is a Brazilian oceanic island approximately 1,100 km from the American mainland. The Cyathea Sm. plants from Trindade were originally considered an endemic species, Cyathea copelandii Kuhn & Luerssen, but later included in Cyathea delgadii Sternb. Based on molecular data (trnL-trnF, trnG-trnR and rbcL-accD), morphometric analysis of leaf characters, scanning electron microscopy of indusia and spores, and habitat suitability modeling, the present study confirms the status of C. copelandii as a synonym of C. delgadii. Intraspecific molecular variation suggests phylogeographic structuring in C. delgadii and differentiation between the coastal Atlantic Forest domain and the Cerrado domain (savanna) in the interior of Brazil. The Trindade populations are more closely related to the Atlantic Forest populations, indicating a colonization of the island from the latter area.

Identification of common cladocerans and calanoids in two south Australian reservoirs using DNA barcoding and morphological analysis: an integrative approach

Crustaceana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 834-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sharma ◽  
M. Elias Gutierrez ◽  
T. Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
A Priori ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Valid identification of species of freshwater zooplankton is the first step to understand population structures, abundance, and diversity in the pelagic environment. While some Australian taxa can be easily identified morphologically, e.g.,Calamoecia ampulla(Searle, 1911), most other species of freshwater micrometazoans are difficult to identify without specialised training, resulting in limited and even incorrect identification of the various taxa. The use of DNA barcodes, for species identification and discrimination, has added a new dimension to the traditional phenotypic approach and allows researchers to understand the patterns of genetic variability and to overcome taxonomic difficulties in the identification of the species from different life history stages. We used mitochondrial gene cytochrome coxidase I (COI) to examine the species status of common planktonic microcrustaceans in two South Australian reservoirs. COI analyses indicated that the zooplankton specimens examined from the order Diplostraca and the class Maxillopoda, which were assigned binomial names a priori from the generaBosmina,Boeckella,Chydorus,CalamoeciaandDaphnia, possessed distinct COI sequences and nested cohesively within the genealogy, except for individuals ofCeriodaphniacf.cornutaand aCeriodaphniaspecies complex that formed 4 clusters. These clusters were not explicitly identified morphologically. The present study does improve and contribute to the understanding of the status of taxonomy and biogeography of micro-crustaceans in South Australia. This information is crucial for the application of these species in studies of local and regional environmental change over varying time scales. We recommend the integration of traditional morphology with DNA barcoding-based examination, to facilitate species identification, especially for applied research.

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