Depth in Staff

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Stephen Skowronek ◽  
John A. Dearborn ◽  
Desmond King
Keyword(s):  
Executive Branch ◽  
House Staff ◽  
First Year ◽  
White House ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
Trump Administration ◽  
At Will

This chapter considers depth in staff, exploring the role of White House officials tasked to bridge the president’s personal direction with the institutional presidency and the executive branch at large. These staffers are normally part of the presidential party, collectively representing the different wings of the president’s electoral coalition. In the Trump administration, the White House staff jostled for influence and favor throughout the president’s first year. Trump bristled at their efforts to establish regular processes and to control the flow of information. The president saw management of that sort as an impingement on his authority to act on his own instincts and to direct his subordinates at will. Differences over the issue of trade afford a brief, but sharp, illustration of the tension between an institutional presidency and the personal direction of a unitary executive.

Maxwell Taylor's Cold War

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Trauschweizer
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
White House ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Armed Services

Maxwell Taylor’s Cold Wartraces the Cold War career of Maxwell Taylor, a Kennedy White House insider and architect of American strategy in Vietnam. After 1945 Taylor led the U.S. Military Academy, commanded American forces in Berlin and Korea, guided the army through declining budget shares, emerged as a critic of President Eisenhower’s nuclear deterrence strategy, and, in the 1960s, served as military advisor at the White House, Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman, ambassador in South Vietnam, and advisor to Lyndon Johnson. Taylor remained a public critic of defense policy and civil-military relations into the 1980s. Through Taylor’s career we can investigate the evolution of the national security establishment from the vantage points of the military and the executive branch: what is the role of the armed services in national and international security strategies? Where do service interests and national interest intersect and what happens when there is less-than-complete overlap? What is the role of the JCS and their chairman? This has implications for historical and contemporary issues: civil-military relations, the question at what levels professional military advice needs to be heard, and the ramifications of the evolving challenges of war and balance of strategy and force structure for conventional warfare and counterinsurgency. These issues are linked in the hierarchies of a nationalsecurity state built for industrial wars of the twentieth century (between states), which now faces varied threats in the twenty-first century (from insurgents and terrorist groups) that were at least partly foreshadowed in the Vietnam War era.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ingo Trauschweizer
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
White House ◽  
Joint Chiefs Of Staff ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
Armed Services ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military

In 1984 officials in Washington debated reforming the defense establishment and who should advise presidents on strategy in times of crisis. Maxwell Taylor, former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), John F. Kennedy White House insider, and one of the architects of America’s war in Vietnam, told members of Congress that the JCS were divided by service interests and had never fulfilled their role as strategy advisors. He concluded the system should not be reformed—it should be torn down. The Goldwater-Nichols Act that resulted in October 1986 did not quite meet Taylor’s radical proposal of a complete restructuring even though it enhanced the powers of the JCS chairman. This book considers what shaped Taylor’s thinking. Through his career in the Cold War we can investigate critical questions from the vantage points of the military and the executive branch: What is the role of the armed services in national and international security strategies? Where do service interests and national interest intersect and what happens when there is less-than-complete overlap? What is the role of the JCS and their chairman? And how could the armed services prepare for vastly different challenges, ranging from nuclear war to conventional battle, counterinsurgency, and nation building?...

Moderating role of social support on first-year college student outcomes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Dickson ◽  
Colleen S. Conley ◽  
Kunal A. Patel ◽  
Daniel Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
College Student ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year College ◽  
College Student Outcomes ◽  
Moderating Role

The Fox Diet

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yochai Benkler ◽  
Robert Faris ◽  
Hal Roberts
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Justice Department ◽  
Fox News ◽  
The Core ◽  
Deep State ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
Conservative Media ◽  
The Right

This chapter focuses on the role of the dominant player in conservative media, Fox News, during the first year of Donald Trump’s presidency. It looks at three case studies to illustrate how Fox News used its position at the core of the right-wing media ecosystem repeatedly to mount propaganda attacks in support of Trump: the Michael Flynn firing in March 2017, when Fox adopted the “deep state” framing of the entire controversy; the James Comey firing and Robert Mueller appointment in May 2017; when Fox propagated the Seth Rich murder conspiracy; and in October and November, when the arrests of Paul Manafort and guilty plea of Flynn seemed to mark a new level of threat to the president, Fox reframed the Uranium One story as an attack on the integrity of the FBI and Justice Department officials in charge of the investigation.

1702–1703

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Harris
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
The Third

The third chapter traces the beginning of the partnership through the first year of Queen Anne’s reign, as Marlborough persuades Godolphin to return to office as Lord Treasurer and his ministerial partner, with the declared aim of ‘moderation’, that is, holding the balance between the Tories and Whigs on the basis of their support of the war. The role of Queen Anne’s husband Prince George is examined and Marlborough’s and Godolphin’s separate roles are explored, along with the significance of their extensive correspondence. Marlborough is unexpectedly successful in his first campaign, but his determination to obtain a grant from Parliament to support his dukedom jeopardizes Godolphin’s project for war-supply, and their rival Rochester contests control of the Treasury and therefore the war. Marlborough forces Rochester’s resignation and the partnership is confirmed when Marlborough’s only son dies shortly before he leaves for the Continent and he adopts Godolphin’s son as his heir.

Covert Action: United States Law in Substance, Process, and Practice

2010 ◽  
pp. 586-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Baker
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Covert Action ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Activity ◽  
The U.S

This article discusses covert action within the context of the U.S. law. The first section describes the main elements of the U.S. legal regime, including the definition of covert action and the “traditional activity” exceptions, the elements of a covert action finding, and the thresholds and requirements for congressional notification. The second section describes some of the significant limitations on the conduct of covert action. The third section discusses the nature of executive branch legal practice in this area of the law. And the last section draws conclusions about the role of national security law within the context of covert action.

scholarly journals Sperm Cryopreservation in American Flamingo (Phoenicopterus Ruber): Influence of Cryoprotectants and Seminal Plasma Removal

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
María Gemma Millán de la Blanca ◽  
Eva Martínez-Nevado ◽  
Cristina Castaño ◽  
Juncal García ◽  
Berenice Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Family ◽  
Second Year ◽  
American Flamingo ◽  
Phoenicopterus Ruber

The American flamingo is a useful model for the development of successful semen cryopreservation procedures to be applied to threatened related species from the family Phoenicopteridae, and to permit genetic material banking. Current study sought to develop effective sperm cryopreservation protocols through examining the influences of two permeating cryoprotectants and the seminal plasma removal. During two consecutive years (April), semen samples were collected and frozen from American flamingos. In the first year, the effect of two permeating cryoprotectants, DMA (dimethylacetamide) (6%) or Me2SO (dimethylsulphoxide) (8%), on frozen–thawed sperm variables were compared in 21 males. No differences were seen between DMA and Me2SO for sperm motility, sperm viability, and DNA fragmentation after thawing. In the second year, the role of seminal plasma on sperm cryoresistance was investigated in 31 flamingos. Sperm samples were cryopreserved with and without seminal plasma, using Me2SO (8%) as a cryoprotectant. The results showed that samples with seminal plasma had higher values than samples without seminal plasma for the following sperm variables: Straight line velocity (22.40 µm/s vs. 16.64 µm/s), wobble (75.83% vs. 69.40%), (p < 0.05), linearity (62.73% vs. 52.01%) and straightness (82.38% vs. 73.79%) (p < 0.01); but acrosome integrity was lower (55.56% vs. 66.88%) (p < 0.05). The cryoresistance ratio (CR) was greater in samples frozen with seminal plasma than without seminal plasma for CR-progressive motility (138.72 vs. 54.59), CR-curvilinear velocity (105.98 vs. 89.32), CR-straight line velocity (152.77 vs. 112.58), CR-average path velocity (122.48 vs. 98.12), CR-wobble (111.75 vs. 102.04) (p < 0.05), CR-linearity (139.41 vs. 113.18), and CR-straightness (124.02 vs. 109.97) (p < 0.01). This research demonstrated that there were not differences between Me2SO and DMA to successful freezing sperm of flamingos; seminal plasma removal did not provide a benefit for sperm cryopreservation.

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