Dissenting Traditions and Missionary Imaginations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twentieth Century Europe ◽  
Directing Attention ◽  
Independence Movements ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter follows the long arc of the ‘missionary novel’, from the exhortation and promotion emanating from a missionary culture embraced by a Protestant Christendom to a dissenting literary culture under siege from imperial servants, secularists, and postcolonial independence movements. It notes that the African missionary novel in particular provides fertile material for the investigation of Dissenting Protestantism as it engaged with the twentieth century. Many ‘humanitarian’ novels disseminated knowledge about mission fields and ‘new’ peoples, and so were part of (and criticized for) the globalizing imagination of early twentieth-century Europe and the spread of the professions. Case studies include Elsie Milligan, Arthur E. Southon, Ambrose Haynes, Marion Percy Williams, Arthur Chirgwin, Harry H. Johnston, and Joyce Cary, among others. The chapter extends the debate on mission and empire by directing attention to issues of postcolonial reception, disclosing the ways in which the so-called ‘dissidence of Dissent’ was both challenged and appropriated by anti-colonial authors in the mid to late twentieth century.

scholarly journals V.M. SHUKSHIN AND “NEW PEASANT POETS”: SURVIVED CHILDREN OF NOT SURVIVED FATHERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
A.A. Shorokhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The article combines two significant historical and literary phenomena. The first is a group of Russian poets and prose writers of the early twentieth century, known under the general name “new peasant poets”. The second is a group of Russian writers of the late twentieth century, whose work has received a steady definition of “village prose”. V.M. Shukshin’s works are also referred to this cultural phenomenon. The article attempts to get away from simplifying definitions of “urban romance”, “village prose”, and to establish the civilizational continuity of Shukshin’s work with “new peasant poets” of the early twentieth century. The author also tries to consider the phenomenon of the group of “new peasant poets” from the cultural, philosophical and historical-biographical points of view – In the unity of their work, fate and dramatic changes in the history of Russia. The article uses theoretical works on Russian and world literature and history by M.M. Bakhtin, V.V. Kozhinova, I.R. Shafarevich, G.I. Shmeleva, P.F. Alyoshkina, S.Yu. and S.S. Kunyaevs, recent publications on Shukshin’s works by V.I. Belov, A.D. Zabolotsky, and A.N. Varlamov.

‘The dense, murky water of the past’: Swamps, Nostalgia and Settlement Myth in Meir Shalev’s The Blue Mountain

Hydrofictions ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 69-107
Author(s):  
Hannah Boast
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Realist Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Blue Mountain ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
National Mythology

This chapter examines the changing meanings of swamp drainage in Israel’s national mythology. Swamp drainage was undertaken in the early twentieth century by the Jewish National Fund and again after the establishment of the State of Israel. Once seen as a triumph of Zionist ingenuity, draining swamps was redefined in the late twentieth century as an emblem of Zionism’s environmental hubris. This chapter assesses this history through Meir Shalev’s magical realist novel The Blue Mountain (1988), situating Shalev’s text in its contemporary contexts of environmentalism and post-Zionism.

Media, Messages, and Emotions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenton J. Malin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
First Century ◽  
Media Criticism ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
American Media ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter considers links between media and emotion in a modern American context. It traces certain understandings of emotion in order to tell a story about how American media critics have wrestled with questions of the affective life. The chapter shows some thinking about emotion and media that preceded the explosion of mass media and mass media criticism in the early twentieth century, before laying out some key popular and academic understandings of media from the early twentieth century. From here, the chapter turns to late-twentieth-century modifications and extensions of these ideas and then discusses their continued relevance at the dawn of the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Tracing the effects of eutrophication on molluscan communities in sediment cores: outbreaks of an opportunistic species coincide with reduced bioturbation and high frequency of hypoxia in the Adriatic Sea

Paleobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Tomašových ◽  
Ivo Gallmetzer ◽  
Alexandra Haselmair ◽  
Darrell S. Kaufman ◽  
Martina Kralj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Northern Adriatic Sea ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Macrobenthic Communities ◽  
Opportunistic Species ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

AbstractEstimating the effects and timing of anthropogenic impacts on the composition of macrobenthic communities is challenging, because early twentieth-century surveys are sparse and the corresponding intervals in sedimentary sequences are mixed by bioturbation. Here, to assess the effects of eutrophication on macrobenthic communities in the northern Adriatic Sea, we account for mixing with dating of the bivalve Corbula gibba at two stations with high accumulation (Po prodelta) and one station with moderate accumulation (Isonzo prodelta). We find that, first, pervasively bioturbated muds typical of highstand conditions deposited in the early twentieth century were replaced by muds with relicts of flood layers and high content of total organic carbon (TOC) deposited in the late twentieth century at the Po prodelta. The twentieth century shelly muds at the Isonzo prodelta are amalgamated but also show an upward increase in TOC. Second, dating of C. gibba shells shows that the shift from the early to the late twentieth century is characterized by a decrease in stratigraphic disorder and by an increase in temporal resolution of assemblages from ~25–50 years to ~10–20 years in both regions. This shift reflects a decline in the depth of the fully mixed layer from more than 20 cm to a few centimeters. Third, the increase in abundance of the opportunistic species C. gibba and the loss of formerly abundant, hypoxia-sensitive species coincided with the decline in bioturbation, higher preservation of organic matter, and higher frequency of seasonal hypoxia in both regions. This depositional and ecosystem regime shift occurred in ca. a.d. 1950. Therefore, the effects of enhanced food supply on macrobenthic communities were overwhelmed by oxygen depletion, even when hypoxic conditions were limited to few weeks per year in the northern Adriatic Sea. Preservation of trends in molluscan abundance and flood events in cores was enhanced by higher frequency of hypoxia that reduced bioturbation in the late twentieth century.

The Changing Images of Jihad Leaders: Shamil and Abd al-Qadir in Daghestani and Algerian Historical Writing

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Over Time

This article studies the images of two famous jihad leaders of the nineteenth century, the Daghestani Shamil (d. 1871) and the Algerian Abd al-Qadir (d. 1883), in Daghestani/Russian and in Algerian historiography. A combined horizontal and vertical perspective is applied to compare the sequence of new historical interpretations in both countries over time. In particular, the article discusses (1) nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Arabic biographies compiled by persons related to the two jihad leaders; (2) mid-twentieth-century Marxist and nationalist interpretations in Algeria and Daghestan; and (3) late-twentieth-century Islamist and "post-Islamist" interpretations. As is shown, the historiographical discourse went along similar paths in the two countries. At crucial points in time, certain interpretations of the jihad leaders were established and monopolized, while others were repressed (later to be revived), in order to use the historical memory for changing political agendas. The time after 1991 especially saw the publication of several new competing interpretations e.g., of regional and national Islamist and of feminist character. As a result, the term jihad can take on completely different meanings.

A New-Age Search for Order

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Gray White
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
New Age ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Post Modernism ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Great Awakenings ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter demonstrates that Americans felt alone, angry, alienated, and isolated in the 1990s, and that they marched with likeminded people to both express these feelings and to find ways to take personal responsibility for their healing and renewal. This chapter compares the late twentieth century to the early twentieth century search for order that historians Robert Weibe and TJ Jackson Lears discuss. It also looks at the periods of Great Awakenings for points of comparison. To show why Americans were so disquieted, this chapter discusses the 1990s and the dislocations that impacted Americans by defining the new reality of postmodernism. It concludes by explaining how the different marches relate to post-modernism and why marches matter.

scholarly journals Body, ancestry, and ecstasy: reading Rotimi Fani-Kayode’s photographs in contemporary times

Vista ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
Jânderson Albino Coswosk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Male Homosexual ◽  
Black Gay Men ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twentieth Century Europe ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This article addresses different appropriations and representations of the lives of Black gay men, from the African diaspora and with transits established in late twentieth-century Europe, concerning the photographic essays of the Nigerian artist Rotimi Fani-Kayode (1955-1989), who lived for a long time in late twentieth-century England. This work seeks, through the analysis of the transit experienced by the artist between Africa and Europe, as well as in the power of the most diverse languages used in his photo essays, to give a contemporary reading of the male homosexual black body based on an eroticism and spirituality that escape the hegemonic and heteronormative narratives that have long imprisoned these ways of seeing and narrating Black gay men in the enclosure of racial tensions, homophobic crimes and conflicts of other order of sexuality.

Nine Centuries of Man

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history

Trey Ellis's Platitudes: Redefining Black Voices

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Quan Manh Ha
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
American Literature ◽  
African American Literature ◽  
Black Experience ◽  
Racial Issues ◽  
Black Voices ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
One Year ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Trey Ellis has emerged as a prominent African American writer of the late-twentieth century, despite the small number of his published works. “The New Black Aesthetic,” an essay that he first published in CaUaloo in 1989, one year after the publication of his first novel, Platitudes, stands as a manifesto that defines and articulates his perspective on the emerging black literary voices and culture of the time, and on “the future of African American artistic expression” in the postmodern era.1 According to Eric Lott, Ellis's novel parodies the literary and cultural conflict between such male experimental writers as lshmael Reed and such female realist writers as Alice Walker.2 Thus, Ellis's primary purpose in writing Platitudes is to redefine how African Americans should be represented in fiction, implying that neither of the dominant approaches can completely articulate late-twentieth-century black experience when practiced in isolation. In its final passages, Platitudes represents a synthesis of the two literary modes or styles, and it embodies quite fully the diversity of black cultural identities at the end of the twentieth century as it extends African American literature beyond racial issues. In this way, the novel exemplifies the literary agenda that Ellis suggests in his theoretical essay.

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