What Happens When Tombs Die? The Historical Appropriation of the Cretan Bronze Age Cemeteries

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Legarra Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Coffee Shop ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Past ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Historical Periods

Nobody can escape the past on Crete. The remainders of the past are part of the lives of modern Cretans in a way that is applicable to earlier historical periods (Bradley 2002, 112–13). It could at first be thought that the present awareness of the past may be a consequence of the long history of archaeological work on the island, or the modern emphasis in developing attractions for the tourists (Duke 2007), but the truth runs much deeper. Any conversation with people in a small village discovers a rich rationalization of the remains of the past that is mostly independent of modern interpretations of Minoan culture. This understanding cannot be entirely explained either by the proud look of the past that defines important aspects of modern Greek and Cretan identity (Hamilakis 2007), but it relies heavily on their everyday experience of the place where they live, and on the human necessity of making sense of their immediate world. Particularly, given the agricultural emphasis of the island, the earth, and what it contains is intimately known. It was not unusual (and it is still not unusual) for archaeologists to conduct Kafenio (local coffee shop) surveys, in which a friendly chat at the local coffee place can shed much information about the archaeology of the area. Local knowledge is detailed and exhaustive and therefore a rich source of information. While locals may not be aware of what the site may be, concentrations of ceramics on the ground, piles of stones traditionally known as Trochalos (Xanthoudides 1924, 54) or memories of find-spots of strange or valuable items are part of the local shared knowledge. There are a couple of good reasons that allow us to project this picture onto the past. First, the intrinsic knowledge of the land where one lives may be assumed to be a trait of any population. Second, the island had one of the most archaeologically complex Bronze Age civilizations in Europe, lasting for more than a millennium.

scholarly journals Social tourism in Greece: a brief history of development from the interwar years to the COVID-19 era.

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Konstantinos I. Kakoudakis ◽  
Katerina Papadoulaki
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Key Players ◽  
History Of

Abstract This chapter illustrates the process of social tourism development in Greece, from the interwar years until the present day. The chapter first sets the discussion within the context of the country's turbulent political, social and economic background, throughout most of the past century, which has exercised significant influence on the development of Greek tourism in general, and social tourism specifically. It then identifies and presents two main phases of social tourism development, highlighting important initiatives and key players that contributed to the incremental evolution of social tourism programmes in Greece, and also events that impeded their implementation and smooth running. Specific emphasis is given to the past four decades, since this time period has largely shaped the contemporary form of Greek social tourism programmes. Therefore, the chapter explicates the close linkages between the establishment of the modern Greek welfare state in the early 1980s, and the development of social tourism as we know it today. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion on the developmental process of contemporary Greek social tourism over time, and the important socioeconomic implications of its current practice in the aftermath of the Greek financial crisis, and in the midst of the refugee crisis in Europe, and the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Polskie książki z historii oświaty i wychowania (1945–1989) w ocenie ówczesnej krytyki

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-72
Author(s):  
Jan Wnęk
Keyword(s):  
History Of Education ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Education Review

This article analyses the reviews of Polish books on the history of education and bringing up children in the years 1945-1989. It presents the ways in which critics reviewed new publications and shows the aspects which they paid special attention to. The reviews were published in the most renowned magazines among historians of education and raising children, such as ”Przegląd Historyczno-Oświatowy” (The History and Education Review), ”Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty” (Dissertations on the History of Education). Some of them were written by renowned specialists in the field. For contemporary historians, the reviews may constitute an interesting source of information on academic criticism from the times of the Polish People’s Republic. They may also bear witness to the hard work and efforts made towards conducting thorough studies into the history of education and bringing up children over various historical periods.

Holocene vegetation history in the Northern Vosges Mountains (NE France): Palynological, geochemical and sedimentological data

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-904
Author(s):  
Emilie Gouriveau ◽  
Pascale Ruffaldi ◽  
Loïc Duchamp ◽  
Vincent Robin ◽  
Annik Schnitzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Vosges Mountains ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Evolution Of Vegetation

Palynological data from the Northern Vosges Mountains (NVM) are very rare, unlike for the Southern and Central Vosges Mountains, where the past vegetation history is relatively well known. As a consequence, the beginning of human activities has never been clearly identified and dated in the NVM. In order to reconstruct the evolution of vegetation in this region, multiproxy studies (pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, sedimentological and geochemical analyses) were conducted in two peatlands. Overall, the results, extending from about 9500 cal. BP to recent times, show a classical vegetation succession with local particularities resulting from human activities. In the La Horn peatland, a strong human impact related to pastoralism is attested from the late Bronze Age onwards. The second phase of human occupation, mainly characterized by crop cultures, begins during the Hallstatt period. The geochemical results (x-ray fluorescence) also highlight the presence of metallic elements, which, combined with significant quantities of carbonized particles, point to potential metal working. In the Kobert-Haut peatland, human occupation began much later (1500 cal. BP), but lasted from the Gallo-Roman period to the beginning of the Modern Period. Unlike for the vegetation history of the rest of the Vosges, Pinus remains a prevailing taxon throughout the Holocene in the NVM. Another particularity is the early establishment of Picea, long before the 18th to 19th century plantations.

MAKING SENSE OF THE WAYS WE MAKE SENSE OF THE PAST: THE PERIODO PROJECT

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADAM RABINOWITZ ◽  
RYAN SHAW ◽  
SARAH BUCHANAN ◽  
PATRICK GOLDEN ◽  
ERIC KANSA
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Direction

Abstract The PeriodO project seeks to fill a gap in the landscape of digital antiquity through the creation of a Linked Data gazetteer of period definitions that transparently record the spatial and temporal boundaries assigned to a given period by an authoritative source. Our presentation of the PeriodO gazetteer is prefaced by a history of the role of periodization in the study of the past, and an analysis of the difficulties created by the use of periods for both digital data visualization and integration. This is followed by an overview of the PeriodO data model, a description of the platform's architecture, and a discussion of the future direction of the project.

Dead Sea Levels during the Bronze and Iron Ages

Radiocarbon ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Joy Kagan ◽  
Dafna Langgut ◽  
Elisabetta Boaretto ◽  
Frank Herald Neumann ◽  
Mordechai Stein
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead

The history of lake-level changes at the Dead Sea during the Holocene was determined mainly by radiocarbon dating of terrestrial organic debris. This article reviews the various studies that have been devoted over the past 2 decades to defining the Dead Sea levels during the Bronze and Iron Ages (≃5.5 to 2.5 ka cal BP) and adds new data and interpretation. In particular, we focus on research efforts devoted to refining the chronology of the sedimentary sequence in the Ze'elim Gully, a key site of paleoclimate investigation in the European Research Council project titled Reconstructing Ancient Israel. The Bronze and Iron Ages are characterized by significant changes in human culture, reflected in archaeological records in which sharp settlement oscillations over relatively short periods of time are evident. During the Early Bronze, Intermediate Bronze, Middle Bronze, and Late Bronze Ages, the Dead Sea saw significant level fluctuations, reaching in the Middle Bronze an elevation of ≃370 m below mean sea level (bmsl), and declining in the Late Bronze to below 414 m bmsl. At the end of the Late Bronze Age and upon the transition to the Iron Age, the lake recovered slightly and rose to ≃408 m bmsl. This recovery reflected the resumption of freshwater activity in the Judean Hills, which was likely accompanied by more favorable hydrological-environmental conditions that seem to have facilitated the wave of Iron Age settlement in the region.

scholarly journals ‘Dragging Seventy Little Plaits of Her Across the Land of the Altai’: Haircare, Hairstyles, and Hair Ornaments of the Southern Altaians from Historical and Cultural Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Tereza Hejzlarová ◽  
Martin Rychlík
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Universals ◽  
The World ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Over Time

This study deals with haircare, hair ornaments, hairstyles, and hairrelated rituals of the Southern Altaians (Altai Kizhi, Telengits) and their development over time. Haircare has played an important role in Altaian society for centuries. It has been a ritual symbol, an indicator of gender, age, marital or social status. In context, hair has played a significant cultural and social role across societies and historical periods around the world. For this reason, haircare has also been sometimes included among the so-called cultural or human universals, i.e. phenomena that are common to all known human cultures in time and space. The source of information for this study was the authors’ own field research, relevant literature and visual sources documenting the broader context of haircare. The issue is viewed from historical and cultural perspectives, with the main focus on the current haircare of the Altaian people in connection with changes compared to the past. The study focuses on selected phenomena that proved to be the most important in the field research in terms of their existence and the role they currently play in Altaian society. It does not therefore aim to cover the full breadth of the topic, but leaves room for further research on sub-topics.

scholarly journals Social tourism in Greece: a brief history of development from the interwar years to the COVID-19 era.

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Konstantinos I. Kakoudakis ◽  
Katerina Papadoulaki
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Key Players ◽  
History Of

Abstract This chapter illustrates the process of social tourism development in Greece, from the interwar years until the present day. The chapter first sets the discussion within the context of the country's turbulent political, social and economic background, throughout most of the past century, which has exercised significant influence on the development of Greek tourism in general, and social tourism specifically. It then identifies and presents two main phases of social tourism development, highlighting important initiatives and key players that contributed to the incremental evolution of social tourism programmes in Greece, and also events that impeded their implementation and smooth running. Specific emphasis is given to the past four decades, since this time period has largely shaped the contemporary form of Greek social tourism programmes. Therefore, the chapter explicates the close linkages between the establishment of the modern Greek welfare state in the early 1980s, and the development of social tourism as we know it today. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion on the developmental process of contemporary Greek social tourism over time, and the important socioeconomic implications of its current practice in the aftermath of the Greek financial crisis, and in the midst of the refugee crisis in Europe, and the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Relational Typologies, Assemblage Theory and Early Bronze Age Burials

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Assemblage Theory ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Making Sense

This article argues that artefact types and typologies are kinds of assemblages, presenting an explicitly relational interpretation of typology grounded in a more-than-representational assemblage theory. In the process it evaluates recent approaches to typology, and the interpretations these typologies have supported, and compares these with approaches which emphasize materiality and experience. It then illustrates the benefit of drawing these two angles of analysis closer together within an approach grounded in a more-than-representational assemblage theory. Throughout, the discussion revolves around British Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age burials and types of artefacts commonly found within them. The core argument is that, if used appropriately, typologies are not constraints to the appreciation of distinctiveness, difference and relationality in the past, but can rather form an important tool in detecting those relations and making sense of different past ways of becoming.

scholarly journals History of Romanian Medical Informatics: Learning from the Past to Reshape the Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
George Mihalas ◽  
Lacramioara Stoicu-Tivadar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Present State ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Active Member ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
And Training

Objectives: The paper presents a review of the history of medical informatics in Romania, starting from the pioneering works, relating the present, and foreseeing the future. Methods: Major milestones of the development of this field have not been simply enumerated, but described within the specific socio-political frame, grasping the entire context over the last four decades in Romania. Two main perspectives have been traced: education and training in medical informatics and implementations in healthcare. Results: Four distinctive historical periods are identified and the major events of each period are described in a critical manner. The history of the Romanian Society of Medical Informatics is presented in a separate chapter. The last section is dedicated to the present state of the field in Romania. Conclusion: The history of Romanian Medical Informatics spans many years and is rich in content. The Romanian Society of Medical Informatics is mainly the result of the efforts undertaken by an enthusiastic and sound professional community, trying to continue the tradition, to achieve new goals, and to work as an active member of the international biomedical/health informatics community.

scholarly journals Diglossic past and present lexicographical practices

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assimakis Tseronis
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Language Question ◽  
The Way

The publication of a dictionary is a means to describe, codify and ultimately standardise a language. This process is complicated by the lexicographer’s own attitude towards the language and the public’s sensitivity on language matters. The recent publication of the two most authoritative dictionaries of Modern Greek and their respective lexical coverage reveals the continuing survival of the underlying ideologies of the two sponsoring institutions concerning the history of the Greek language, as well as their opposing standpoints on the language question over the past decades, some 25 years after the constitutional resolution of the Greek diglossia, affecting the way they describe the synchronic state of language. The two dictionaries proceed from opposing starting points in attempting to influence and set a pace for the standardisation of Modern Greek by presenting two different aspects of the synchronic state of Greek, one of which focuses on the long history of the language and thus takes the present state to be only a link in an uninterrupted chain dating from antiquity, and the other of which focuses on the present state of Greek and thus takes this fully developed autonomous code to be the outcome of past linguistic processes and socio-cultural changes in response to the linguistic community’s present needs. The absence of a sufficiently representative corpus has restrained the descriptive capacity of the two dictionaries and has given space for ideology to come into play, despite the fact that both dictionaries have made concessions in order to account for the present-day Greek language.

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