A Multimodal Account of Bodily Experience

Author(s):  
Frédérique de Vignemont

What are the implications of pervasive presence of multisensory interactions for bodily awareness? It has been assumed that bodily experiences exclusively result from bodily senses, with no influence from external senses, but vision is actually required to maximize the veridical perception of the body. Consequently, bodily experiences in those who have never seen are of a different kind to the way one normally experiences one’s body. Whether or not one is currently seeing one’s body, vision plays an essential role in delineating the boundaries of the body, in locating our body parts in space and in bridging the gap between what happens on the skin and what happens in the external world. In this sense, the bodily experiences of the sighted (or those who were once sighted) can be said to be constitutively multimodal.

Author(s):  
Cristóbal Pera

ABSTRACTIf the human body is really a fabric, should surgeons be considered architects, as some surgeons describe themselves today? The author raises and analyzes this question, and he concludes that vsurgeons cannot be considered as such: the architect is the creator of his work —fabric or building—, but the surgeon is not the creator of this complex biological fabric —vulnerable and subject to deterioration and with an expiration date— which is the human body. This body is the object upon which his hands and instruments operate. The surgeon cures and heals wounds, immobilizes and aligns fractured bones in order to facilitate their good and timely repair, and cuts open the body’s surface in order to reach its internal organs. He also explores the body with his hands or instruments, destroys and reconstructs its ailing parts, substitutes vital organs taken from a donor’s foreign body, designs devices or prostheses, and replaces body parts, such as arteries and joints, that are damaged or worn out. In today’s culture, dominated by the desire to perfect the body, other surgeons keep retouching its aging façade, looking for an iconic and timeless beauty. This longing can drive, sometimes, to surgical madness. The surgeon is not capable of putting into motion, from scratch, a biological fabric such as the human body. Thus, he can’t create the subject of his work in the way that an architect can create a building. In contrast, the surgeon restores the body’s deteriorated or damaged parts and modifies the appearance of the body’s façade.RESUMEN¿Si el cuerpo humano fuera realmente una fábrica, podría el cirujano ser considerado su arquitecto, como algunos se pregonan en estos tiempos? Esta es la cuestión planteada por el autor y, a tenor de lo discurrido, su respuesta es negativa: porque así como el arquitecto es el artífice de su obra —fábrica o edificio— el cirujano no es el artífice de la complejísima fábrica biológica —vulnerable, deteriorable y caducable— que es el cuerpo humano, la cual le es dada como objeto de las acciones de sus manos y de sus instrumentos. El cirujano cura y restaña sus heridas, alinea e inmoviliza sus huesos fracturados para que su reparación llegue a buen término, penetra por sus orificios naturales o dibuja sobre la superficie corporal incisiones que le permitan llegar a sus entrañas, las explora con sus manos o mediante instrumentos, destruye y reconstruye sus partes enfermas, sustituye órganos vitales que no le ayudan a vivir por los extraídos de cuerpos donantes, y concibe, diseña y hace fabricar artefactos o prótesis, como recambio fragmentos corporales deteriorados o desgastados, como arterias o articulaciones. Otros cirujanos, en la predominante cultura de la modificación del cuerpo, retocan una y otra vez su fachada envejecida ineludiblemente por el paso del tiempo, empeñados en la búsqueda incesante de una belleza icónica y mediática e intemporal, una pretensión que puede conducir, y a veces conduce, al desvarío quirúrgico. En definitiva, el cirujano es incapaz de poner de pie, ex novo, una fábrica biológica como la del cuerpo humano y, por lo tanto, no puede ser su artífice, como lo es el arquitecto de su edificio. A lo sumo, es el restaurador de sus entrañas deterioradas y el modificador de su fachada, de su apariencia.


Author(s):  
William G. Pooley

This chapter uses Félix Arnaudin’s notes towards a dictionary of the Gascon dialect of the Landes de Gascogne to explore everyday speech about the body. The dialect notes that Arnaudin carefully recorded in quotidian situations draw attention to a body focused on the legs and buttocks, discussed in terms of constant concern about stooping and bending. The language of the body was often violent and obscene, but could also be delicate and specific. Rich metaphors for body parts drew parallels between human exploitation and forestation. This was not a static folk language of the body, swept away by ‘modern’ ideas of the body, but an evolving way of talking about bodily experiences.


2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 559-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Raffaella Ferrè ◽  
Patrick Haggard

No unimodal vestibular cortex has been identified in the human brain. Rather, vestibular inputs are strongly integrated with signals from other sensory modalities, such as vision, touch and proprioception. This convergence could reflect an important mechanism for maintaining a perception of the body, including individual body parts, relative to the rest of the environment. Neuroimaging, electrophysiological and psychophysical studies showed evidence for multisensory interactions between vestibular and somatosensory signals. However, no convincing overall theoretical framework has been proposed for vestibular–somatosensory interactions, and it remains unclear whether such percepts are by-products of neural convergence, or a functional multimodal integration. Here we review the current literature on vestibular–multisensory interactions in order to develop a framework for understanding the functions of such multimodal interaction. We propose that the target of vestibular–somatosensory interactions is a form of self-representation.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Vanderclausen ◽  
Marion Bourgois ◽  
Anne De Volder ◽  
Valéry Legrain

AbstractAdequately localizing pain is crucial to protect the body against physical damage and react to the stimulus in external space having caused such damage. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that nociceptive inputs are remapped from a somatotopic reference frame, representing the skin surface, towards a spatiotopic frame, representing the body parts in external space. This ability is thought to be developed and shaped by early visual experience. To test this hypothesis, normally sighted and early blind participants performed temporal order judgment tasks during which they judged which of two nociceptive stimuli applied on each hand’s dorsum was perceived as first delivered. Crucially, tasks were performed with the hands either in an uncrossed posture or crossed over body midline. While early blinds were not affected by the posture, performances of the normally sighted participants decreased in the crossed condition relative to the uncrossed condition. This indicates that nociceptive stimuli were automatically remapped into a spatiotopic representation that interfered with somatotopy in normally sighted individuals, whereas early blinds seemed to mostly rely on a somatotopic representation to localize nociceptive inputs. Accordingly, the plasticity of the nociceptive system would not purely depend on bodily experiences but also on crossmodal interactions between nociception and vision during early sensory experience.


Author(s):  
Colin Chamberlain

Malebranche holds that sensory experience represents the world from the body’s point of view. The chapter argues that Malebranche gives a systematic analysis of this bodily perspective in terms of the claim that the five external senses and bodily awareness represent nothing but relations to the body. The external senses represent relations between external objects and the perceiver’s body. Bodily awareness represents relations between parts of the perceiver’s body and her body as a whole, and the way she is related to her body. The senses thus represent the perceiver’s body as standing in two very different sets of relations. The external senses relate the body to a world of external objects, while bodily awareness relates this same body to the perceiver herself. The perceiver’s body, for Malebranche, is the center of the system of relations that make up her sensory world, bridging the gap between self and external objects.


Janus Head ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-519
Author(s):  
Dorothée Legrand ◽  

Empirical and experiential investigations allow the distinction between observational and non-observational forms of subjective bodily experiences. From a first-person perspective, the biological body can be (1) an "opaque body" taken as an intentional object of observational consciousness, (2) a "performative body" pre-reflectively experienced as a subject/agent, (3) a "transparent body" pre-reflectively experienced as the bodily mode of givenness of objects in the external world, or (4) an "invisible body" absent from experience. It is proposed that pre-reflective bodily experiences rely on sensori-motor integrative mechanisms that process information on the external world in a self relative way. These processes are identification-free in that the self is not identified as an object of observation. Moreover, it is defended that observational self-consciousness must be grounded on such identification-free processes and pre-reflective forms of bodily experience.


Author(s):  
John White

This chapter considers the way in which The Revenant (2015) allows the spectator to confront themselves with extreme bodily experiences within a safe, virtual space. In the expression of ‘body spectacle’ the film presents episodes that might be described as either ‘gross’ or ‘excessive’. In the abuse of human bodies that is displayed the film becomes, on one level, a Western offered as a festival of gore. This is ‘pain porn’ packed with relevance to the post-9/11 American experience. Brutality against the body can be seen, for example, in relation to battlefield trauma. Here the story of a legendary frontiersman is being re-packaged within the context of the early 21st century in such a way as to express American exceptionalism for a contemporary audience. However, for the audience the physicality of the images means the primary experience is one of bodily ‘affect’.


PhaenEx ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
ASTRIDA NEIMANIS

In this paper, I sketch out the way our bodies are engaged while commuting in order to elucidate several key aspects of the bodily experience of “in-between-ness.” I discover that within the rhythm and movement of the in-between, our bodies can open to a specific kind of conceptual creativity—an insight that I unfold in reference to the unanticipated innovation and transformation that accompanies other bodily experiences of in-between-ness more generally. This sketch, however, also demands that I reflect on phenomenological methodology, and our ontological presuppositions about the “things” that we intend to “go back to.” I conclude by suggesting that while Deleuze and Guattari’s rhizomatic ontology helps us explain the findings of my phenomenological sketch of commuting, Merleau-Ponty’s embodied phenomenology can help to flesh out (quite literally) Deleuze and Guattari’s suggestion that all the work happens in “the logic of the AND” (A Thousand Plateaus 25). While the method I call on in this paper is decidedly phenomenological, the conclusions I reach invite me to explore further the promise of a more “rhizomatic phenomenological” practice.


2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paaige K. Turner

I, as have many other qualitative researchers, diligently report my demographics at the time I conduct and write my research in an effort to acknowledge that the researcher’s voice is part of the meanings he/she creates. While doing so acknowledges key elements of my positionality or research self, it invokes a modernist conceptualization of voice as stable and time as linear while simultaneously reifying social constructs of the body. In this article, I take up the question, “How can voice be partial while still contextually situated?” I present an introspective tale of the way my shifting self/body wrote my experiences of others’ births. Through the incorporation of flashbacks and flash forwards I offer an articulation of the folding nature of time as well as an exemplar of how the recognition of one’s own bodily experiences can engage the meanings present and absent as one works the limits of voice.


Author(s):  
Sarah Benamer

In the context of the body, the essentially female; wombs, menstrual cycles, and concurrent hormones, have seen women ascribed madness, insatiability, untrustworthiness, and danger. Female bodies have been identified in selective parts, considered in abstract, or envisaged as having overwhelming power over the mind. “Hysteria”, the problematic neurosis of uterine origin was at the heart of early psychoanalysis. This diagnosis enshrines a slippage from the physical to the fantastical, and ultimately to the denial of the lived reality of women’s and girl’s bodies. In apparent collusion with patriarchy the neglect of some female bodily experience is perpetuated in contemporary psychoanalytic theory. Nowhere is this more evident than around menopause and hysterectomy (as experienced by either client or therapist). There has been little or no exploration of how practitioners might best support clients for whom menopause is significant, or how we might facilitate women before or after gynaecological surgery. It is as if removal and psychological loss of the same female body parts that our forebears used to so neatly differentiate, diagnose, and pathologise women are now not of note. I am interested as to how we as psychotherapists reclaim female body narratives from this outdated theoretical paradigm to best serve clients experiencing menopause, gynaecological surgery, and mid life in the twenty-first century.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document