Happiness and the Theology of the Self in Late Seventeenth-Century England

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Muldrew
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
The Self ◽  
Appropriate Use

Muldrew traces the integration of Aristotelian into Christian thinking about happiness, by Thomas Aquinas and during the Renaissance but more particularly in the thinking of late seventeenth-century ‘Latitudinarian’ divines. He argues that they were seeking an alternative way to achieve peace and tranquillity to that offered by Hobbes, who had stressed the need for strong authority. Their alternative drew on a variety of classical ideas about self-cultivation and self-discipline, but built upon and further developed relatively hedonistic versions of these. The pursuit of moderate sensual gratification was legitimized as an appropriate use of human faculties implanted by God. Although this was an erudite tradition, it was presented to a less erudite audience in sermons: these writers often transposed ideas from a classical to an English-language setting. In that context, the word ‘happiness’ came to loom large, appearing frequently and functioning as a key motif in latitudinarian thought.

Inventing the English Massacre

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Games
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
English Language ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Violent Event ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
British Culture

This book explains how a conspiracy trial featuring English, Japanese, and Indo-Portuguese co-conspirators who allegedly plotted against the Dutch East India Company in the Indian Ocean in 1623 produced a diplomatic crisis in Europe and became known for four centuries in British culture as the Amboyna Massacre. The story of the transformation of this conspiracy into a massacre is a story of Anglo-Dutch relations in the seventeenth century and of a new word in the English language, massacre. The English East India Company drew on this new word to craft an enduring story of cruelty, violence, and ingratitude. Printed works—both pamphlets and images—were central to the East India Company’s creation of the massacre and to the story’s tenacity over four centuries as the texts and images were reproduced during conflicts with the Dutch and internal political disputes in England. By the eighteenth century, the story emerged as a familiar and shared cultural touchstone. By the nineteenth century, the Amboyna Massacre became the linchpin of the British Empire, an event that historians argued well into the twentieth century had changed the course of history and explained why the British had a stronghold in India. The broad familiarity with the incident and the Amboyna Massacre’s position as an early and formative violent event turned the episode into the first English massacre. It shaped the meaning of subsequent acts of violence, and placed intimacy, treachery, and cruelty at the center of massacres in ways that endure to the present day.

The Passion of Dido

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Braden
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Epic Poetry

This chapter’s discussion of translations of Book 4 of the Aeneid spans sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English renditions of Virgil, when England and the English language were becoming prominent on the European and global scene. There is a consistent self-consciousness in this effort of using Virgil as a vehicle for translatio imperii, but also in the search for an English metre and idiom which could adequately convey the epic gravity of the ancient epic poetry. Braden shows that while most of the translations of this era usually serve as the background to the most prominent of them, that of Dryden, they nonetheless are important for understanding how translation practices developed at that time. Book 4, in which the hero’s imperial mission is most seriously threatened, provides a focus of discussion of some key passages that illuminate the literary tendencies of that time.

The Well-Mannered Auditor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Deaville
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Drawing Room ◽  
The Way

The chapter explores the way English-language etiquette books from the nineteenth century prescribe accepted behavior for upwardly mobile members of the bourgeoisie. This advice extended to social events known today as “salons” that were conducted in the domestic drawing room or parlor, where guests would perform musical selections for the enjoyment of other guests. The audience for such informal music making was expected to listen attentively, in keeping with the (self-) disciplining of the bourgeois body that such regulations represented in the nineteenth century. Yet even as the modern world became noisier and aurally more confusing, so, too, did contemporary social events, which led authors to become stricter in their disciplining of the audience at these drawing room performances. Nevertheless, hosts and guests could not avoid the growing “crisis of attention” pervading this mode of entertainment, which would lead to the modern habit of inattentive listening.

The Integrity of Faith

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-261
Author(s):  
Robert A. Gessert
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
English Language ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Concept Of Law

Though at first it seems quite simple and straightforward and though he devotes hundreds of pages to its exposition, Calvin's idea of law is subtle and elusive. He, like Luther, stresses the Protestant principle of justification by grace alone, but not a few interpreters have seen him as the severest of legalists who finally relegates grace to the position of being merely a means to works righteousness. It is undoubtedly pretentious to try to put law in its ‘true’ meaning and context in Calvin's schema. This paper must therefore be regarded as simply an exploratory effort in that direction.Since Calvin was himself a competent student of the secular law, a fruitful method for investigating this problem would be to inquire into the character of the legal studies that formed such an important part of his background. How did he regard the Roman Law which had been shaping European civilisation for several centuries? To what extent was he influenced by Greek versions of the Natural Law which had been so important to Thomas Aquinas? In the English language we make the word ‘law’ (like ‘love’) carry, somewhat promiscuously, nuances of meaning that the more analytical languages of Latin and Greek distinguish. The tools of Philology and History may be necessary for a definitive examination of Calvin's concept of law.

scholarly journals The Effect of Self-Questioning Strategy in the Reading Skill Development in the English language for students of the tenth grade in Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Salam Hassan Alhayawat
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Reading Skill ◽  
The Self ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Reading Skill Development ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was inquiring the effect of Self-Questioning Strategy in the Reading Skill Development in the English language for students of the tenth grade in Jordan.                                                                         To achieve goals of this study, a test has been developed to observe the Development of reading skill. The researcher adopted a quasi-experimental approach in which the experimental group consisting of (30) students was taught in accordance with Self-Questioning Strategy. At the same time, the controlled group consisting of (30 students) was taught in the traditional way. The tests and the motive measuring was applied prior and post- teaching on both groups. The Analysis of Covariance results (ANCOVA) indicated a significant difference at (α≤0.05) between the two groups, which is attributed to the Self-Questioning Strategy, in developing the reading skill, of Learning English language Course for the experimental group. The results also indicated variation in the performance of (the experimental group) students in the Self-Questioning Strategy in the Reading Skill Development (in developing the Academic achievement. The study recommended introducing the Self-Questioning Strategy in the teaching of English language Course, and conducting other similar studies in different educational stages.    

scholarly journals Plaintive Survival under Panoptical Surveillance: A Reading of Rituparno Ghosh’s The Last Lear.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Aparna Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
English Language ◽  
New World ◽  
Power Relation ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
The People ◽  
Identity Privacy

This paper is an attempt to explore how the powerful gaze of the panoptical power relation through the  technological aids of this neocolonial era which forms the ‘Self,’ distorts the identity, privacy and liberty of the  lives under this surveillance who becomes the ‘other’. The study is based on the reading of Rituparno Ghosh’s 2007 English–language film The Last Lear. The  film which won the National Award of India for the best feature film in English in 2007  is based on a 1985 Bengali play, Ajker Shajahan ( Today’s Shakespeare) written by Utpala  Dutt. The film unfolds the story of an aging Shakespearean actor persuaded by a young ambitious director to take up acting again. But the retired actor is unwilling to adjust the new world of cinema and its complex technical tricks. The film also expose how the powerful camera gaze and mobile phones turn as the new colonizer who distorts truth and induce fears in the minds of the people under surveillance. This study is carried out based on the Post-Panoptical theories of Surveillance.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF PERSONALITY: HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Dina Kazantseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Deep Foundations ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantum Leap ◽  
The Ideal

The essence of personality potential is one of the important characteristics of understanding a person as an integral being, creating an individual space of personal aspirations and values. The origins of the problem under consideration in various forms are present in the philosophical reflections of many researchers and have a long history. Even Socrates, Plotinus, Cicero, Thomas Aquinas drew attention to the deep foundations and spiritual essence of man, to the presence of virtues in a state of potential stagnation, to the need for their development in order to achieve the ideal of perfection. N. Kuzansky, S. L. Frank, P. I. Tillich noted the presence of latent force unfolding in time in living beings, the rejection of the self and introduction into something higher, the correlation of the divine and the human, the interconnection of things and events, etc. The modern world actualizes the solution to the problem, creating conditions for a deeper understanding of the potential, consideration of its integrity and the essential foundations of maximum realization. The crisis in all spheres of human life, economic, political, social, requires a quantum leap in understanding the potential and building, on the basis of modern studies of the phenomenon, new projects for transforming reality. In this regard, understanding the historical aspect of studying the logic of the genesis of potential makes an invaluable contribution to solving this problem. Understanding the depth of philosophical thought in a historical retrospective about the origin, emergence and existence of potential will allow you to connect the past and the present, as well as qualitatively advance into the future.

scholarly journals Translating the Self in Edward Said’s Out of Place: A Memoir

2017 ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Doaa Embabi
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cultural Translation ◽  
Autobiographical Writing ◽  
Homi Bhabha ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
East West

This paper examines the link between the notion of ‘cultural translation,’ initially introduced by Homi Bhabha in The Location of Culture (1994), and autobiographical writing by a translingual writer: Edward Said’s memoir, Out of Place (1999). As an ArabAmerican intellectual, Said culminates his writing career with a memoir, in which he represents the educational years of his life. Said shows through the narrative that the interplay between Arabic and English language and cultures strongly infl uenced the formation of his identity. Thus, this paper explores reading his memoir as an attempt at ‘cultural translation’ according to which difference is not necessarily trapped in binary oppositions of self/other; East/West; home/foreign land – to name only a few. Difference in this context rather opens a possibility for more fluid boundaries allowing for negotiation and change.

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