The Functionalist Path towards a Constraining Legal Environment for Organized Civil Society

2018 ◽  
pp. 252-280
Author(s):  
Nicole Bolleyer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
The Uk

The UK represents the ‘functionalist path’ towards a constraining legal environment for voluntary organizations and contrasts strikingly with the Swedish scenario. Its long-term evolution has been characterized by the adoption of highly specific and constraining legislation by now applicable to charities, interest groups, and political parties, echoing broader tendencies associated with statutory legislation in common-law systems. Taking the democratic system’s long-term stability for granted, constraining legislation was adopted often with limited considerations of the possibly intrusive effects on civil society actors and without seeing the need to actively support voluntary organizations through a broader provision of direct state benefits.

The Statist Path towards a Constraining Legal Environment for Organized Civil Society

2018 ◽  
pp. 281-300
Author(s):  
Nicole Bolleyer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Regime Stability ◽  
Legal Constraints ◽  
Funding Opportunities

France represents the ‘statist path’ towards a constraining legal environment. While legal constraints on civil society actors were generally justifiable as a means to protect the state and to assure the political regime’s long-term stability, legal constraints imposed on voluntary organizations tended to be enhanced in conjunction with state benefits made available to them to strengthen the democracy’s societal underpinning. Such a balanced approach is visible in the regulation of parties but also of service-providing organizations. The latter gained increasing importance from the early 1980s onwards, feeding into an expansion of legal constraints as well as funding opportunities for voluntary organizations in this corporatist voluntary sector regime. Since then, concerns about regime stability as a driver of constraining regulation have become less important as France enjoys long-term political stability. This contrasts with incentives generated by the country’s corporatist voluntary sector traditions, which have gained in importance instead.

Free Association and Civil Society in Cuba, 1787–1895

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-64
Author(s):  
ALFONSO W. QUIROZ
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
The State ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
New Perspective

AbstractThis study provides a new perspective on civil society in Cuba during the nineteenth century based on concrete information about multiple types of association in different regions of the island. Modern associations developed mainly to meet specific social and cultural needs, achieve legal autonomy from the state and exercise free association despite colonial constraints. This long-term evolution covers several periods of intersections between civil society and political spheres, framed primarily by non-violent constitutionalist and reformist struggles rather than armed separatist conflicts. These findings contradict prevalent interpretations that portray an endemically weak yet increasingly militant civil society. Instead, a growing, moderate, and progressively autonomous and diverse civil society contributed gradually to undermine colonial despotism and establish key bases for post-independence democracy.

Centenary celebrations meet a farewell party: British-Czech bilateral relations in the times of Brexit

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-708
Author(s):  
Monika Brusenbauch Meislova
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Times ◽  
British Embassy ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Uk

2019 marks an especially important year for British-Czech bilateral relations. As a year of both centenary celebrations of opening of the British Embassy in Prague and Brexit, it makes for a fascinating paradox: a symbol of a century-long continuity on one hand and a year of serious disruption on the other hand. Against this background, the overarching aim of this article is to investigate Brexit implications for British-Czech bilateral relations, placing this assessment in the context of the long-term evolution of these relations and relating it to debates within the scholarship on the effects of Brexit. At the same time, it addresses some of the wider political questions that will determine the nature of Brexit’s supposed effects on the future direction of individual bilateral relations between the UK and EU27 member states.

Link-Level Simulator for Wireless local Area Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Chaithra. H. U ◽  
Vani H.R
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Networks ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Wireless Local Area Networks ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Term Evolution

Now a days in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) used in different fields because its well-suited simulator and higher flexibility. The concept of WLAN  with  advanced 5th Generation technologies, related to a Internet-of-Thing (IOT). In this project, representing the Network Simulator (NS-2) used linked-level simulators for Wireless Local Area Networks and still utilized IEEE 802.11g/n/ac with advanced IEEE 802.11ah/af technology. Realization of the whole Wireless Local Area Networking linked-level simulators inspired by the recognized Vienna Long Term Evolution- simulators. As a outcome, this is achieved to link together that simulator to detailed performances of Wireless Local Area Networking with Long Term Evolution, operated in the similar RF bands. From the advanced 5th Generation support cellular networking, such explore is main because different coexistences scenario can arise linking wireless communicating system to the ISM and UHF bands.

Simulación de cobertura del modelo de radio propagación 3GPP para un entorno urbano en una red 4G – LTE

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Javier Enrique Arévalo Peña
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías ◽  
4G Lte ◽  
3Rd Generation Partnership Project

En la planeación de las próximas generaciones de redes inalámbricas es importante contar con estudios de radio propagación que permitan establecer diseños adecuados para ofrecer los servicios proyectados por las nuevas tecnologías a los usuarios móviles. En este artículo se presentan aspectos relacionados con el comportamiento de cobertura de radio propagación del modelo propuesto por el 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) para un entorno urbano en una red LTE (Long Term Evolution) empleando sistemas de antenas convencionales y sistemas de antena adaptativas (AAS). Para ello se utiliza la herramienta de software ICS Designer y se establece como escenario los alrededores la Fundación Universidad Autónoma de Colombia ubicada en el centro urbano de la ciudad de Bogotá D. C.

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