The Statist Path towards a Constraining Legal Environment for Organized Civil Society

2018 ◽  
pp. 281-300
Author(s):  
Nicole Bolleyer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Regime Stability ◽  
Legal Constraints ◽  
Funding Opportunities

France represents the ‘statist path’ towards a constraining legal environment. While legal constraints on civil society actors were generally justifiable as a means to protect the state and to assure the political regime’s long-term stability, legal constraints imposed on voluntary organizations tended to be enhanced in conjunction with state benefits made available to them to strengthen the democracy’s societal underpinning. Such a balanced approach is visible in the regulation of parties but also of service-providing organizations. The latter gained increasing importance from the early 1980s onwards, feeding into an expansion of legal constraints as well as funding opportunities for voluntary organizations in this corporatist voluntary sector regime. Since then, concerns about regime stability as a driver of constraining regulation have become less important as France enjoys long-term political stability. This contrasts with incentives generated by the country’s corporatist voluntary sector traditions, which have gained in importance instead.

The Functionalist Path towards a Constraining Legal Environment for Organized Civil Society

2018 ◽  
pp. 252-280
Author(s):  
Nicole Bolleyer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
The Uk

The UK represents the ‘functionalist path’ towards a constraining legal environment for voluntary organizations and contrasts strikingly with the Swedish scenario. Its long-term evolution has been characterized by the adoption of highly specific and constraining legislation by now applicable to charities, interest groups, and political parties, echoing broader tendencies associated with statutory legislation in common-law systems. Taking the democratic system’s long-term stability for granted, constraining legislation was adopted often with limited considerations of the possibly intrusive effects on civil society actors and without seeing the need to actively support voluntary organizations through a broader provision of direct state benefits.

The Voluntarist Path towards a Permissive Legal Environment for Organized Civil Society

2018 ◽  
pp. 233-251
Author(s):  
Nicole Bolleyer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Benefit Allocation

In the last part of the study, ideal-typical representatives of three ‘sufficient paths’ identified by the QCA analysis were chosen for in-depth analysis. After explaining the case selection, this chapter analyses the evolution of the legal framework in Sweden representing the ‘voluntarist’ path towards a permissive environment for voluntary organizations. Despite various initiatives towards the adoption of legal regulation of voluntary organizations, reforms were usually considered not sufficiently beneficial for the organizations targeted, or legislation was considered unsuitable as an instrument to address the problem at hand, tendencies rooted in the informality of historically grown relations between the state and organizations in this social democratic voluntary sector regime. If legislation was adopted, it echoed characteristics of Scandinavian civil law by tending towards broad principles that impose few direct constraints on the organizations targeted, leaving plenty of room for interpretation, while putting an emphasis on benefit allocation.

scholarly journals Pervasive legal threats to protected areas in Brazil

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Alice Biedzicki de Marques ◽  
Carlos A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Vast Network

AbstractBrazil safeguards a vast network of parks and reserves, termed conservation units. The creation of conservation units follows a rigorous legal protocol that grants them long-term stability under varying degrees of formal protection against land-use change. Degazettement, downsizing or downgrading any conservation unit requires a law to be passed. Recent shifts in Brazilian conservation policy have, however, favoured infrastructure projects and agricultural land conversion, even when these initiatives are in direct conflict with established conservation units. Several bills have been proposed by the National Congress, threatening 27 conservation units and bringing the long-term political stability and legal immunity of hitherto sacrosanct reserves into serious question.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Nicole Bolleyer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Interdisciplinary Framework ◽  
Central Avenue

This chapter recapitulates the main findings of this study and the conceptual, methodological, and empirical strategies chosen to generate them. Based on a new interdisciplinary framework on democracies’ legal dispositions towards civil society regulation, this study has shown that the nature of voluntary organizations’ legal environments adopted in long-lived democracies varies with the relative acceptability of constraining regulation in that sphere, which, in turn, is shaped by distinct configurations of a political system’s democratic history, its legal family, and its voluntary sector traditions. It concludes by pointing to a central avenue of future research for which this study has laid the groundwork—the assessment of organizational responses to the variety of legal environments that long-lived democracies have created.

scholarly journals Banking Sector Performance and Political Stability’s Impact on Economic Growth in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Junaid Khan ◽  
Muhammad Faizan Malik ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Sector Performance ◽  
Bank Specific Factors

This paper empirically finds the link between the banking sector performance and political stability on Economic growth. Panel data was used encompassing the time frame from 2006 to 2016 for banks operating in Pakistan. This paper main purpose at discovering that the banking sector performance, political stability, and other bank-specific factors have a vital impact on enhancing the procedure of economic growth in Pakistan. “Predictable outcomes suggest that economic growth in Pakistan is in long-term stability relationship; banking sector and political stability have long-term significant impact on economic growth and subsequently, economic growth converge to their longterm stability levels by the means created by Investment. This supports the reality that political certainty or stability is capable of stimulating a country’s development process”. Therefore, revealed significant relationship between banking sector performance and political stability of Pakistan on economic growth.

scholarly journals The Legal Environments of Organized Civil Society in Nineteen Democracies

2018 ◽  
pp. 192-230
Author(s):  
Nicole Bolleyer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Systemic Condition

As the nature of legal environments for organized civil society is the product of causally complex processes, it is not expected that any one systemic condition by itself underpins a particular legal environment. Consequently, the analysis presented employs Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), which is ideally suited to identify multiple, complex paths towards a particular outcome. The findings widely substantiate the theoretical framework presented in Chapter 6 and thereby stress the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the question at hand. They show that the nature of voluntary organizations’ legal environments adopted in long-lived democracies varies with the relative acceptability of constraining regulation in that sphere, which, in turn, is shaped by distinct configurations of political systems’ democratic history, their legal family, and voluntary sector traditions.

The Development of Civil Society in Indonesia and the Role of Voluntary Organizations

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
M. Habib Chirzin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Organizational Theory ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Private Voluntary Organizations

This article describes the evolution of Indonesia's voluntary sector andthe role of nongovernmental and private voluntary organizations in thedevelopment of Indonesia's civil society. The paper describes howNGOs and PYOs complement and supplement the role of governmentin the social and economic development of the society. It also discusseshow these organizations manage their responsibility in challengingthe government while often remaining financially dependent on thegovernment for their existence. The paper also advances discussionsabout the organizational theory of voluntary organizations and theirparticular development in Indonesia.

Stability and Change in Emotional Intelligence: Exploring the Transition to Young Adulthood

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D.A. Parker ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske ◽  
Laura M. Wood ◽  
Jennifer M. Eastabrook ◽  
Robyn N. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Transition From High School

Abstract. The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has attracted growing interest from researchers working in various fields. The present study examined the long-term stability (32 months) of EI-related abilities over the course of a major life transition (the transition from high school to university). During the first week of full-time study, a large group of undergraduates completed the EQ-i:Short; 32 months later a random subset of these students (N = 238), who had started their postsecondary education within 24 months of graduating from high school, completed the measures for a second time. The study found EI scores to be relatively stable over the 32-month time period. EI scores were also found to be significantly higher at Time 2; the overall pattern of change in EI-levels was more than can be attributed to the increased age of the participants.

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