Hobsbawm and Researching the History of Nationalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Breuilly
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Hobsbawm’s work on nationalism has three successive phases, which reflect how the subject has been approached by others. In the first phase, nationalism was subordinated to Marxist class analysis. The second phase, is marked by a spate of studies on nationalism as inventing or imagining nations. Hobsbawm’s key contribution was as co-editor of The Invention of Tradition. In the third phase, nationalism was treated as ‘identity politics’, as one finds in some of Hobsbawm’s later works. These approaches yield diminishing results. Class analysis makes nationalism an epiphenomenon; treating nationalism as an invention detaches it from social reality; identity politics turns it into social psychology. Yet Hobsbawm’s global perspective, his treatment of nationalism as an ideology, and his concern with ‘history from below’ represent three promising new avenues for nationalism research.

scholarly journals Epistemology in Mulla Sadra Shirazi’s thought

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Muamer Halilovic
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mulla Sadra ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Mulla Sadra Shirazi (1571-1636) explains the process of knowledge in three different phases. Prior to this, he introduces the differences between the presential knowledge (al-?ilm al-huzuri) and acquired knowledge (al-?ilm al-husuli). The founder of the Islamic Transcendent Philosophy states that the first form of knowledge is direct, because no terms appear in it, whereas the second is realized by means of concepts. For this reason, epistemic error is not possible in the presential knowledge, because the subject of the knowledge is present in the knower. After this introduction, Mulla Sadra explains the process of certain knowledge. He claims that in the first phase man learns of his existence in a present and immediate way. In the second phase - which is also within the scope of the knowledge by presence - man considers the relationship between his existence and some aspects of his existence, and thus immediately draws conclusions and generalizes certain principles such as causality (al-?ilija) and causal relatedness (as-sinhija). Finally, in the third phase, he explains various divisions of acquired knowledge.

The Migration History of Black Africans to Britain

2017 ◽  
pp. 188-204
Author(s):  
Thomas Domboka
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Migration History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
History Of Migration

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the history of migration of black Africans into Britain and a backdrop for subsequent chapters. An understanding of the migration history of Black Africans is important as it helps us to understand the nature and extent of their entrepreneurial and transnational activity. The conveniently splits into three sections covering three phases or waves of migration covering the period between the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century. The chapter shows that the reasons and motivation of migration is different with each of the phases of migration. The first phase (1960s – 1970s) consisted of restrained migration from a few African countries namely Nigeria and Ghana and was driven by the desire to acquire education. The second phase (1980s – 1990s) consisted of limited migration from an increased number of countries and still driven by education and some limited refugees. The third phase (Mid 1990s onwards) consisted of unrestrained migration largely driven by economic reasons.

The Blumhardts in America

Pneuma ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-273
Author(s):  
Christian T. Collins Winn
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Healing Ministry ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
English Speaking World

This essay, the first reception history of proto-Pentecostals Johann Christoph Blumhardt and Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt in Anglo-American literature, charts three phases of reception of the Blumhardts in English-speaking circles. The first phase focused on the healing ministry of the elder Blumhardt, which took place primarily in the nineteenth century. The second phase began in the mid-twentieth century and was devoted especially to introducing the Blumhardts to English-speaking readers. It included attempts by theologians and ethicists to appropriate the Blumhardts for constructive theological purposes. The third phase, currently underway, is marked by scholarly assessment of the Blumhardts in their historical setting and by an effort to translate more of the Blumhardt corpus into English. The conclusion offers unsystematic interpretive observations culled from the reception history itself, with an eye to the future appropriation of the Blumhardts in the English-speaking world.

scholarly journals Механизмы переложения "на наши (русские) нравы" итальянских оперных либретто [Mechanisms of adaptation “to our (Russian) customs” of Italian opera librettos]

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-644
Author(s):  
Stefano Garzonio
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Italian Opera ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Opera Seria ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation

Mechanisms of adaptation “to our (Russian) customs” of Italian opera librettos. The paper deals with the history of poetical translation of Italian musical poetry in the 18th century Russia. In particular, it is focused on the question of pereloženie na russkie nravy, the adaptation to national Russian customs, of Italian opera librettos, cantatas, arias, songs and so on. The author points out three different phases of this process. The first phase, in the 1730s, coincides with the reign of Anna Ioannovna and it is linked to Trediakovsky’s translations of Italian intermezzos, comedies and to the first opera seria, La forza dell’amore e dell’odio (‘The force of love and hate’, 1736) by F. Araja and F. Prata; the second phase, in the period 1740–1770s, is characterized by a very varied production of translations and imitations, which undoubtedly influenced the general developing of Russian musical and dramatic poetry. It is during this period that pereloženie na russkie nravy is introduced into dramatic genres and sometimes it is findable in musical poetry as well. The third phase, in the 1780–1790s, is linked with the activity of such poets-translators as Ivan Dmitrevskij, Michail Popov, Vasilij Levšin and is characterized by the new practice of performing operas in Russian translations. In the paper the different forms of pereloženie na russkie nravy are pointed out, starting from the formal niveau of metrics and stylistics up to the adaptation of themes, places and realia.

A genealogy of hacking

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Core Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Frame

Hacking is now a widely discussed and known phenomenon, but remains difficult to define and empirically identify because it has come to refer to many different, sometimes incompatible, material practices. This article proposes genealogy as a framework for understanding hacking by briefly revisiting Foucault’s concept of genealogy and interpreting its perspectival stance through the feminist materialist concept of the situated observer. Using genealogy as a theoretical frame, a history of hacking will be proposed in four phases. The first phase is the ‘prehistory’ of hacking in which four core practices were developed. The second phase is the ‘golden age of cracking’ in which hacking becomes a self-conscious identity and community and is for many identified with breaking into computers, even while non-cracking practices such as free software mature. The third phase sees hacking divide into a number of new practices even while old practices continue, including the rise of serious cybercrime, hacktivism, the division of Open Source and Free Software and hacking as an ethic of business and work. The final phase sees broad consciousness of state-sponsored hacking, the re-rise of hardware hacking in maker labs and hack spaces and the diffusion of hacking into a broad ‘clever’ practice. In conclusion, it will be argued that hacking consists across all the practices surveyed of an interrogation of the rationality of information technocultures enacted by each hacker practice situating itself within a particular technoculture and then using that technoculture to change itself, both in changing potential actions that can be taken and changing the nature of the technoculture itself.

The Migration History of Black Africans to Britain

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Thomas Domboka
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Migration History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
History Of Migration

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the history of migration of black Africans into Britain and a backdrop for subsequent chapters. An understanding of the migration history of Black Africans is important as it helps us to understand the nature and extent of their entrepreneurial and transnational activity. The conveniently splits into three sections covering three phases or waves of migration covering the period between the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century. The chapter shows that the reasons and motivation of migration is different with each of the phases of migration. The first phase (1960s – 1970s) consisted of restrained migration from a few African countries namely Nigeria and Ghana and was driven by the desire to acquire education. The second phase (1980s – 1990s) consisted of limited migration from an increased number of countries and still driven by education and some limited refugees. The third phase (Mid 1990s onwards) consisted of unrestrained migration largely driven by economic reasons.

Multisensory Narrative Tracking by a Profoundly Deaf Subject Using an Electrocutaneous Vocoder and a Vibrotactile Aid

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Lynch ◽  
Rebecca E. Eilers ◽  
D. Kimbrough Oller ◽  
Richard C. Urbano ◽  
Patricia J. Pero
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Tracking Performance ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Connected Discourse ◽  
Deaf Subject ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Performance

A congenitally, profoundly deaf adult who had received 41 hours of tactual word recognition training in a previous study was assessed in tracking of connected discourse. This assessment was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, the subject used the Tacticon 1600 electrocutaneous vocoder to track a narrative in three conditions: (a) lipreading and aided hearing (L+H), (b) lipreading and tactual vocoder (L+TV), and (c) lipreading, tactual vocoder, and aided hearing (L+TV+H), Subject performance was significantly better in the L+TV+H condition than in the L+H condition, suggesting that the subject benefitted from the additional information provided by the tactual vocoder. In the second phase, the Tactaid II vibrotactile aid was used in three conditions: (a) lipreading alone, (b) lipreading and tactual aid (L+TA), and (c) lipreading, tactual aid, and aided hearing (L+TA+H). The subject was able to combine cues from the Tactaid II with those from lipreading and aided hearing. In the third phase, both tactual devices were used in six conditions: (a) lipreading alone (L), (b) lipreading and aided hearing (L+H), (c) lipreading and Tactaid II (L+TA), (d) lipreading and Tacticon 1600 (L+TV), (e) lipreading, Tactaid II, and aided hearing (L+TA+H), and (f) lipreading, Tacticon 1600, and aided hearing (L+TV+H). In this phase, only the Tactaid II significantly improved tracking performance over lipreading and aided hearing. Overall, improvement in tracking performance occurred within and across phases of this study.

A summary of the history of exploration at the Sterkfontein Caves in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
J. Francis Thackeray
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Stone Artifacts ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cradle Of Humankind

Sterkfontein Caves, near Pretoria, South Africa, are part of the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site. The caves have yielded hundreds of hominin fossils recovered over a period spanning more than a century. Exploration of the deposits has occurred in three phases. In the first phase from 1895–1935, fossils of various animals were recovered unsystematically by limestone miners, who noted fossiliferous breccias. The second phase, from 1936–1966, involved teams led by Robert Broom and John Robinson. Broom and Robinson’s excavations recovered many hominin fossils from Members 4 and 5, stone artifacts, and initial mapping of the Sterkfontein deposits. The third phase, 1966 until the present, included excavations led by Philip Tobias, Alun Hughes, Tim Partridge, Ron Clarke, Kathy Kuman, and Dominic Stratford. During this phase, the six members of the Sterkfontein deposits were recognized and characterized, and additional fossils of hominins and other fauna, as well as stone artifacts were recovered. Importantly, extensive analysis of fauna and paleonvironments was conducted. Hominin fossils were also recovered from Member 2. Considerable geochronological work has been done to characterize the complex stratigraphy and dating of these deposits. This chapter reviews the history of fieldwork at Sterkfontein.

Pierre Bayle and Biblical Criticism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Biblical Criticism ◽  
Republic Of Letters ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Pierre Bayle

The Huguenot refugee Pierre Bayle (1647–1706) quickly gained fame in the Republic of Letters as an omnivorous reader and prolific writer. He also touched upon the interpretation of biblical texts, but his interest in the subject developed only gradually. This chapter distinguishes four periods. In the first stage, Bayle studied the Bible thoroughly, but without any knowledge of biblical criticism. Nonetheless he thought that ‘a clever man’ could profit from it in order to arrive at a better understanding of the Bible. In his second phase, a genuine interest in biblical criticism was fuelled by Richard Simon’s attacks on the reliability of the text. In the third phase, Bayle ventured to acclaim Simon’s highly controversial works for their precise and balanced judgements on many delicate religious issues. Finally, in the Dictionaire historique et critique Bayle engaged in the practice of biblical criticism himself.

SABERES DOCENTES: REFERENCIAL PARA ORGANIZAÇÃO DA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Sergio Rogério Azevedo Junqueira ◽  
Rodrigo Santos
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Teaching Knowledge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Current Stage

Este texto é resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre o impacto da formação inicial para o efetivo trabalho da docência. Este estudo é consequência da quarta etapa do Projeto Formação Inicial e Continuada para o Professor do Ensino Religioso no Programa Formação Inicial e Continuada para a Diversidade, desenvolvido pelo Instituto de Pesquisa e Formação Educação e Religião (IPFER). Na primeira etapa foram identificadas propostas de formação inicial e continuada no cenário brasileiro; na segunda fase foi elaborada uma história da formação do professor de Ensino religioso nacionalmente; para a terceira fase foram elaborados estudos e estratégias de formação, a partir das redes sociais. A atual etapa, em parceria com o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Religião da Universidade Estadual do Pará (UEPA) e o IPFER, buscou compreender a relação entre a formação inicial e o cotidiano da sala de aula, utilizando como referencial os saberes docentes, de Maurice Tardif, em diálogo com um grupo de egressos para identificar esta relação. TEACHING KNOWLEDGE: REFERENCE FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF TEACHER EDUCATIONAbstractThis text is the result of a qualitative research on the impact of the initial formation for the effective teaching work. This study is a consequence of the fourth stage of the Programa Formação Inicial e Continuada para a Diversidade (Instituto de Pesquisa e Formação Educação e Religião, IPFER). In the first stage, a proposal for initial and continued formation in the Brazilian scenario was identified; in the second phase a history of the formation of the teacher of religious education was elaborated nationally; for the third phase studies and training strategies were elaborated from social networks. Current stage in partnership with the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Religião da Universidade Estadual do Pará (UEPA) and the IPFER to understand the relationship between training and daily classroom as a reference the knowledge teachers of Maurice Tardif in dialogue with a group of graduates to identify this relationship.

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