Self-referring in Korean, with reference to Korean first-person markers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Public Image ◽  
First Person ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
Person Reference ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Dictionary Definitions

Lee’s chapter provides a corpus-based analysis of Korean first-person markers by examining the semantic and pragmatic features emerging from their dictionary definitions and their usages in discourse. Specifically, it is demonstrated that the use of the grammatical category of a pronoun does not quite fit the Korean data, because the exceptionally large number of the lexical items are highly specialized in their use. While the first-person markers have the primary function of referring to the speaker, self-referring via first-person markers in Korean is mediated by the speaker’s awareness of his perceived social role or public image, which is expected to conform to honorification norms. The author also argues that the situation with first-person reference in Korean supports the view that the indexical/non-indexical distinction standardly adopted in semantic theory ought to be reconsidered.

How to restructure a grammatical category: the innovative person system of Chamacoco (Zamucoan, northern Paraguay)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (s42-s1) ◽  
pp. 111-154
Author(s):  
Luca Ciucci
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
First Person ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Person Reference ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Number Term

Abstract Chamacoco is a Zamucoan language of northern Paraguay that has considerably restructured its person reference system. Starting from the existing reconstruction of Proto-Zamucoan, I will analyze the evolution of person marking in free pronouns, verbs and possessable nouns. The verb lost the realis/irrealis distinction in speech act participants, while the third person underwent some allomorphic changes and introduced a distinction between third singular and plural, dependent on an innovative animacy hierarchy. The first person proved overall particularly unstable. In possessable nouns, it was replaced by a form for unspecified possessor, while a new exponent was created for the latter. In free pronouns, the first plural shifted to the first singular and then grammaticalized to the new verb prefix for the first singular. The most significant changes concern the introduction of clusivity in verbs and free pronouns, which was combined with an unusual number term: the greater plural. Besides, the verbal first-person exclusive is typologically unexpected, since it derives from the inclusive. I will discuss the reasons for these and other minor changes, which involve internal factors and language contact. Finally, I will show how recent contact with Spanish has affected the Chamacoco person system.

Expressing the Self

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
The Self ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
First Person ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Person Reference ◽  
De Se ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Cultural Pragmatics

This book addresses different linguistic and philosophical aspects of referring to the self in a wide range of languages from different language families, including Amharic, English, French, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Newari (Sino-Tibetan), Polish, Tariana (Arawak), and Thai. In the domain of speaking about oneself, languages use a myriad of expressions that cut across grammatical and semantic categories, as well as a wide variety of constructions. Languages of Southeast and East Asia famously employ a great number of terms for first-person reference to signal honorification. The number and mixed properties of these terms make them debatable candidates for pronounhood, with many grammar-driven classifications opting to classify them with nouns. Some languages make use of egophors or logophors, and many exhibit an interaction between expressing the self and expressing evidentiality qua the epistemic status of information held from the ego perspective. The volume’s focus on expressing the self, however, is not directly motivated by an interest in the grammar or lexicon, but instead stems from philosophical discussions of the special status of thoughts about oneself, known as de se thoughts. It is this interdisciplinary understanding of expressing the self that underlies this volume, comprising philosophy of mind at one end of the spectrum and cross-cultural pragmatics of self-expression at the other. This unprecedented juxtaposition results in a novel method of approaching de se and de se expressions, in which research methods from linguistics and philosophy inform each other. The importance of this interdisciplinary perspective on expressing the self cannot be overemphasized. Crucially, the volume also demonstrates that linguistic research on first-person reference makes a valuable contribution to research on the self tout court, by exploring the ways in which the self is expressed, and thereby adding to the insights gained through philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science.

Lexically specific constructions in the acquisition of inflection in English

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN WILSON
Keyword(s):  
General Construction ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Do So ◽  
Learning English

Children learning English often omit grammatical words and morphemes, but there is still much debate over exactly why and in what contexts they do so. This study investigates the acquisition of three elements which instantiate the grammatical category of ‘inflection’ – copula be, auxiliary be and 3sg present agreement – in longitudinal transcripts from five children, whose ages range from 1;6 to 3;5 in the corpora examined. The aim is to determine whether inflection emerges as a unitary category, as predicted by some recent generative accounts, or whether it develops in a more piecemeal fashion, consistent with constructivist accounts. It is found that for each child the relative pace of development of the three morphemes studied varies significantly, suggesting that these morphemes do not depend on a unitary underlying category. Furthermore, early on, be is often used primarily with particular closed-class subjects, suggesting that forms such as he's and that's are learned as lexically specific constructions. These findings are argued to support the idea that children learn ‘inflection’ (and by hypothesis, other functional categories) not by filling in pre-specified slots in an innate structure, but by learning some specific constructions involving particular lexical items, before going on to gradually abstract more general construction types.

Du Fay the poet? Problems in the texts of his motets

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 97-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leofranc Holford-Strevens
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Person Reference

The following observations make no claim to either profundity or finality, but attempt to improve on the texts and translations currently available, to comment on their metres (some rudimentary information being given in Appendix A), and to offer a few conjectures concerning authorship. This last question has interested Du Fay scholars, who generally allow him to be the author at least of Salve flos/Vos nunc: whereas Laurenz Liitteken denies him all else, David Fallows writes that ‘Some at least of his song and motet texts are likely to be by him’, singling out Salve jlos for the first-person reference at the end of the motetus; Alejandro Enrique Planchart, having pointed out that Du Fay's literary talent in Latin was recognised at school with a copy of Alexandre de Villedieu's Doctrinale, would give him some others as well. In principle, a composer may write his own text, like Machaut; or collaborate with a poet, as Du Fay evidently did with Périnet in Ce moys de may, and one Nicholas with one William in Argi vices; or be given a text to set by a patron or employer, as when Du Fay was sent texts from Naples on the fall of Constantinople, presumably including 0 tres piteulx, de tout espoir fontaine (OO vi, no. 10).

Photography as a Small Language: Interview with Robert Hariman

2017 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Ilija Tomanić Trivundža ◽  
Robert Hariman
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Politics Of Representation ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
University Of Chicago ◽  
The Public ◽  
University Of Chicago Press

In the interview, Robert Hariman talks about his latest co-authored book The Public Image: Photography and Civic Spectatorship (University of Chicago Press, 2016), presenting the main argument that they put forward with John Louis Lucaites – that a paradigm shift is needed within the field of photographic theory in order to understand the changing social role of photography in contemporary societies. They argue for a redefinition of the medium’s “burden of representation”, embracing its limitations and treating it as a “small language”, firmly embedded within the notion of the vernacular. This move beyond simple politics of representation, he argues, should however not be apolitical. In fact, the paradigm shift is needed to re-politicise photography and therefore increase its political efficacy in the wake of unsustainability of the dominant neoliberal socio-economic order and the specific catastrophic idea of progress which it promotes. Keywords: capitalism, grimace, modernity, photography theory, progress, Robert Hariman

The Epistemology of First-Person Reference

1987 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Rovane
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Person Reference

scholarly journals Applicative Abstract Categorial Grammar

10.29007/s2m4 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Kiselyov
Keyword(s):  
Functional Programming ◽  
Dynamic Logic ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Categorial Grammar ◽  
Semantic Mapping ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Categorial Grammars ◽  
Readable Form ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Lexical Items

We present the grammar/semantic formalism of Applicative AbstractCategorial Grammar (AACG), based on the recent techniques fromfunctional programming: applicative functors, staged languages andtyped final language embeddings. AACG is a generalization ofAbstract Categorial Grammars (ACG), retaining the benefits of ACG as agrammar formalism and making it possible and convenient to express avariety of semantic theories.We use the AACG formalism to uniformly formulate Potts' analyses ofexpressives, the dynamic-logic account of anaphora, and thecontinuation tower treatment of quantifier strength, quantifierambiguity and scope islands. Carrying out these analyses in ACGrequired compromises and the ballooning of parsing complexity, or wasnot possible at all. The AACG formalism brings modularity, which comesfrom the compositionality of applicative functors, in contrast tomonads, and the extensibility of the typed final embedding. Theseparately developed analyses of expressives and QNP are used as theyare to compute truth conditions of sentences with both these features.AACG is implemented as a `semantic calculator', which is the ordinaryHaskell interpreter. The calculator lets us interactively writegrammar derivations in a linguist-readable form and see their yields,inferred types and computed truth conditions. We easily extendfragments with more lexical items and operators, and experiment withdifferent semantic-mapping assemblies. The mechanization lets asemanticist test more and more complex examples, making empirical testsof a semantic theory more extensive, organized and systematic.

scholarly journals Reference in the first, second, and third person

KÜLÖNBSÉG ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
First Person ◽  
Personal Quality ◽  
Person Reference ◽  
Third Person

We have direct access to our thoughts, therefore we think we can attribute beliefs and actions to ourselves differently than to others. However, linguistic concepts enable us to think about ourselves the same way as we think of others. The research question of the paper is how it is possible to find a unified model of first, second, and third person reference in language use that can allow for the personal quality of first person reference. The paper shows why the ’I’ in first person statements should be seen as a ineliminable item that is not reducible to non-indexic expressions semantically. Also, the paper claims that first, second, and third person references formulated by the same speaker have similar qualities (spontaneity, lack of identification, directness). Finally, the paper discusses the role of perception in these references.

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