The Linguistics of Humor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Attardo
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Elementary Knowledge ◽  
Humor Studies ◽  
Variationist Sociolinguistics ◽  
Resolution Model ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Broad Approach

This book is the first comprehensive systematic introduction to the linguistics of humor. Assuming no background in humor studies at all, and an elementary knowledge of linguistics, all the terminology and conceptual apparatus of humor studies are introduced, as well as all the linguistic concepts necessary to understand the most up-to-date formulations in the linguistics and applied linguistics of humor. The book is not limited to the theoretical linguistic analyses of humor (for example the General Theory of Verbal humor or the Isotopy Disjunction Model), but has a broad approach encompassing pragmatics, conversation and discourse analysis, ethnomethodology, interactionist and variationist sociolinguistics. Chapters on puns, on the main theories of humor, the semiotics of humor, and on the incongruity-resolution model elucidate the foundations of humor studies, while chapters on the performance of humor, on humor in conversation and discourse, provide the first-ever in-depth discussion and synthesis of the field of the applied linguistics of humor. Chapters on the translation of humor, and on humor in the classroom and in literature broaden the discussion to applications in fields other than linguistics. For the first time ever in a discussion of the linguistics of humor all the fields of linguistics, theoretical and applied alike are given equal treatment and theoretical importance. Thus this book is both a summary of the acquired knowledge about humor and linguistics and a proposal to unify most of the strands of research in a coherent vision.

scholarly journals Reductions in prefrontal activation predict off-topic utterances during speech production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Complex Goal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe ability to speak coherently is essential for effective communication but declines with age: older people more frequently produce tangential, off-topic speech. Little is known, however, about the neural systems that support coherence in speech production. Here, fMRI was used to investigate extended speech production in healthy older adults. Computational linguistic analyses were used to quantify the coherence of utterances produced in the scanner, allowing identification of the neural correlates of coherence for the first time. Highly coherent speech production was associated with increased activity in bilateral inferior prefrontal cortex (BA45), an area implicated in selection of task-relevant knowledge from semantic memory, and in bilateral rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (BA10), implicated more generally in planning of complex goal-directed behaviours. These findings demonstrate that neural activity during spontaneous speech production can be predicted from formal analysis of speech content, and that multiple prefrontal systems contribute to coherence in speech.

Humanitites Data Warehousing

2008 ◽  
pp. 2364-2370
Author(s):  
Janet Delve
Keyword(s):  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Data Warehousing ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Data Warehouses ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Numeric Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Linguistics

Data Warehousing is now a well-established part of the business and scientific worlds. However, up until recently, data warehouses were restricted to modeling essentially numerical data – examples being sales figures in the business arena (e.g. Wal-Mart’s data warehouse) and astronomical data (e.g. SKICAT) in scientific research, with textual data providing a descriptive rather than a central role. The lack of ability of data warehouses to cope with mainly non-numeric data is particularly problematic for humanities1 research utilizing material such as memoirs and trade directories. Recent innovations have opened up possibilities for non-numeric data warehouses, making them widely accessible to humanities research for the first time. Due to its irregular and complex nature, humanities research data is often difficult to model and manipulating time shifts in a relational database is problematic as is fitting such data into a normalized data model. History and linguistics are exemplars of areas where relational databases are cumbersome and which would benefit from the greater freedom afforded by data warehouse dimensional modeling.

Het Belang Van Taalkunde Voor de Toegepaste Taalkunde

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 246-257
Author(s):  
A.G. Sciarone
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Linguistic Understanding ◽  
Language Courses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Task Division

Applied Linguistics is generally regarded as a multidisciplinary field in which didactics, psychology and linguistics participate. It is remarkable that within the context of foreign language teaching the focus is mainly on the didactic experiment and on the construction of psycholinguistic hypotheses. Yet for a linguistic-didactic experiment to be relevant, insight in what is to be taught, viz. language,is necessary. Many variants of language teaching could have been avoided with a better linguistic insight. Moreover, a better linguistic understanding in applied linguis-tics leads to a better distinction between the views of linguists on language didactics and psycholinguistics and the descriptions of language they give. In this paper the relation between grammar and vocabulary is discussed. It is argued that this distinction is based more on definition than on reality. Stressing the importance of the role of vocabulary does not imply denying or minimising the importance of grammar. On the contrary, the traditional task division in linguistics between grammar and lexicology has led to a sterile grammatical description. Recent tendencies in linguistics now show a more integrated description of grammar and vocabu-lary. Finally, with regard to the didactically important problem of vocabu-lary selection, some remarks are made concerning the difference between selection on the basis of linguistic properties and selection on the basis of usually arbitrary non-linguistic idiosyncrasies of words and the influence of this on teaching material. This is illustrated with examples from language courses.

scholarly journals A Study of the Narrative Discourse in Balinese Malay Language to Increase the Culture of Literation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Suparwa ◽  
Made Sri Satyawati
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Language Discourse ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Formation Pattern ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Discourse Formation ◽  
The Village ◽  
And Linguistics

The purpose of this study was to find the discourse system. By using observation methods, the data collected in the form of oral and written data by informants in the village of Loloan, Jembrana, Bali. The data obtained were processed through speech analyzer and analyzed based on discourse theory. This research was very important to be implemented because it can provide theoretical linguistic benefits in the field of discourse. The discourse studies will apply various concepts in the field of discourse, both variant and universal. The application of various concepts (theories) is seen in the discovery of unique characteristics of Balinese Malay language. These various findings are certainly very useful because they are a contribution to the treasures of Indonesian discourse theory and linguistics in general. For applied linguistics, this research is useful especially in terms of the application of discourse patterns in language teaching, both Malay and Indonesian. With the recognition of the Balinese Malay language discourse formation pattern, the teachers of Malay and Indonesian languages can develop discourse formation methods and discourse analysis, both in the form of lecture modules and in the form of textbooks. It is also related to the tradition of sharing partners, both oral and written. Thus, this study can improve the culture of literacy (read-write) in the Balinese Malay community.

Visual Crowding and the tone orthography of African languages

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
African Languages ◽  
General Recognition ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Visual Crowding ◽  
And Linguistics

The effect of Crowding has long been recognised by cognitive psychologists engaged in examining the reading process. Yet it is not generally taken into account by most field linguists involved in the development of tone orthographies for emerging African languages. True, there is a general recognition that diacritic overload is unhelpful, but this has never been articulated with the help of the more precise terminology already on offer from the field of cognitive psychology. Using an experimental tone orthography developed for Kabiye (Gur, Togo) as an example, I postulate that an exhaustive representation of tone by means of accents will trigger Crowding. This is a hypothesis that has yet to be tested under clinical conditions. But the aim of this article is to call the phenomenon by its name for the first time and thereby stimulate further research. I also hope to demonstrate by means of this single example the gulf that exists between cognitive psychology and linguistics. Once we recognise that the gulf exists, we can begin to build bridges.

Freed, Barbara F. From the Community to the Classroom: Gathering Second Language Speech Samples. Theory & Practice 6. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978; Morain, Genelle G. Kinesics and Cross-Cultural Understanding. Theory & Practice 7. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978; Keller, Howard H. New Perspectives on Teaching Vocabulary. Theory & Practice 8. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978; Falk, Julia S. Language and Linguistics: Bases for a Curriculum. Theory & Practice 10. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978; Hodge, Virginia D. Personality and Second Language Learning. Theory & Practice 12. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978; Inman, Marianne. Foreign Languages, English as a Second Foreign Language, and the U.S. Multinational Corporation. Theory & Practice 16. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978Freed, Barbara F. From the Community to the Classroom: Gathering Second Language Speech Samples. Theory & Practice 6. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978. Pp. 26. $2.95.Morain, Genelle G. Kinesics and Cross-Cultural Understanding. Theory & Practice 7. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978. Pp. 31. $2.95.Keller, Howard H. New Perspectives on Teaching Vocabulary. Theory & Practice 8. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978. Pp. 26. $2.95.Falk, Julia S. Language and Linguistics: Bases for a Curriculum. Theory & Practice 10. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978. Pp. 27. $2.95.Hodge, Virginia D. Personality and Second Language Learning. Theory & Practice 12. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978. Pp. 31. $2.95.Inman, Marianne. Foreign Languages, English as a Second Foreign Language, and the U.S. Multinational Corporation. Theory & Practice 16. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978. Pp. ix, 37. $4.95.

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-120
Author(s):  
Alister Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Curriculum Theory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
And Linguistics

Humanities Data Warehousing

2011 ◽  
pp. 987-992
Author(s):  
Janet Delve
Keyword(s):  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Data Warehousing ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Data Warehouses ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Numeric Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Linguistics

Data Warehousing is now a well-established part of the business and scientific worlds. However, up until recently, data warehouses were restricted to modeling essentially numerical data – examples being sales figures in the business arena (in say Wal-Mart’s data warehouse (Westerman, 2000)) and astronomical data (for example SKICAT) in scientific research, with textual data providing a descriptive rather than a central analytic role. The lack of ability of data warehouses to cope with mainly non-numeric data is particularly problematic for humanities1 research utilizing material such as memoirs and trade directories. Recent innovations have opened up possibilities for ‘non-numeric’ data warehouses, making them widely accessible to humanities research for the first time. Due to its irregular and complex nature, humanities research data is often difficult to model, and manipulating time shifts in a relational database is problematic as is fitting such data into a normalized data model. History and linguistics are exemplars of areas where relational databases are cumbersome and which would benefit from the greater freedom afforded by data warehouse dimensional modeling.

Twenty Five Years of Constructive Type Theory

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sambin ◽  
Jan M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Type Theory ◽  
Foundations Of Mathematics ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
Constructive Type Theory ◽  
Constructive Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
De Bruijn ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Tremendous Impact

Per Martin-Löf's work on the development of constructive type theory has had a tremendous impact on the fields of logic and the foundations of mathematics. It also has broader philosophical significance and important applications in areas such as computing science and linguistics. This volume draws together contributions from researchers whose work builds on the theory developed by Martin-Löf over the last twenty-five years. As well as celebrating the anniversary of the birth of the subject it covers many of the diverse fields which are now influenced by type theory. It is an invaluable record of current activity and includes contributions from N. G. de Bruijn and William Tait, both important figures in the early development of the subject. Also published for the first time is one of Per Martin-Löf's earliest papers.

On the evolving connections between psychology and linguistics

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Segalowitz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
New Development ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Linguistics

Over four decades ago the so-called Chomskyan revolution appeared to lay the foundation for a promising new partnership between linguistics and psychology. Many have now concluded, however, that the hopes originally expressed for this partnership were not realized. This chapter is about what went wrong and where we might go from here. The discussion first identifies three reasons why initial efforts at partnership may have been inherently flawed — divergent criteria for choosing among competing theories, different ideas about what was to be explained, and different approaches to questions about biology and environment. I then argue that recent developments — especially in associative learning theory, in cognitive neuroscience, and in linguistic theory — may provide a more solid basis for partnership. Next, the chapter describes two possible ways that bridges between the disciplines might develop. One draws on recent psychological research on attention focusing and on linguistic research concerning language constructions. The other draws on the concept of affordances and perspective taking. The chapter concludes that an enduring partnership between linguistics and psychology may indeed now be possible and that there may be a special role for applied linguistics in this new development.

Applied Linguistics, Linguistics Research and the Empirical Model

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
And Linguistics

Applied linguistics is very much a problem-oriented discipline and therefore necessarily an integrative discipline. I know that it is difficult to define what a ‘problem’ is; there are nevertheless important differences between problem-oriented disciplines and theory-based disciplines, like psychology and linguistics, to take a couple of relevant examples. Activities, including research, carried out in the name of applied linguistics should throw light on the processes and conditions and phenomena of language acquisition, language learning or language use, with the aim of contributing to the solution of the difficulties and practical problems that arise. And the problems that people face in connection with language learning or language use are messy, that is to say, like all real life situations they are not analysable in term of only one basic discipline. The chief requirement on research within such basic disciplines is that it should throw light on theoretical models and issues, and to do that the researcher abstracts from the experential world only those special aspects which are interesting to him. People who work in applied disciplines have to deal with complex real life situations as they are, as they are seen to be by the participants in those situations, and have to draw on whatever background disciplines that are relevant and available. (That nearly always means that more than one researcher has to be involved.)

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