Europe in the Dock

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Fiddian
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Main Thrust ◽  
Gulliver's Travels ◽  
Queen Victoria ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Bartolome De Las Casas

The chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the title story of Brodie’s Report (1970), reading it intertextually through Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), Plain Tales from the Hills (Kipling), A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (Bartolomé de Las Casas), and Tristes tropiques (Claude Lévi-Strauss). The main thrust is a critique of the missionary figure, David Brodie, who is read as serving the interests of nineteenth-century European imperialism as exemplified by the administration of Queen Victoria; she is the addressee of the Scottish Presbyterian’s report. The target of Borges’s criticism is Occidentalism as embodied in the emblematic figure of the missionary—also found in Kipling and elsewhere. The story is symptomatic of mid-twentieth-century geopolitical concerns, felt especially acutely at that time in the West.

Shund and the Tabloids: Jewish Popular Reading in Inter-War Poland

2003 ◽  
pp. 188-212
Author(s):  
Nathan Cohen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Tabloid Press

This chapter describes Jewish popular reading in inter-war Poland, looking at shund and the Polish tabloid press. In the first third of the twentieth century, as the Polish press was developing rapidly, sensationalist newspapers began to proliferate. While this type of press had been widespread in the United States and western Europe since the middle of the nineteenth century, it first emerged in Poland only in 1910, with Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny (Illustrated Daily Courier) in Kraków. In Warsaw, the first tabloid newspapers, Kurier Informacyjny i Telegraficzny (Information and Telegraphic Courier) and Ekspres Poranny (Morning Express), appeared in 1922. In 1926, Kurier Informacyjny i Telegraficzny changed its name, now printed in red, to Kurier Czerwony (Red Courier). In time, the colour red became emblematic of sensationalist newspapers in Poland, and they were nicknamed czerwoniaki (Reds), similar to the ‘yellow’ press in the West.

{ Epilogue }

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
John Evelev
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
The West ◽  
Regional Dialects ◽  
Reconstruction Era ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
William Cullen ◽  
Fictional Story

The discourse of the picturesque reshaped how Americans understood their landscape, but it largely ended in the mid-1870s. The decline of the picturesque can be illustrated in two emblematic works: Constance Fenimore Woolson’s 1872 short story “In Search of the Picturesque” and William Cullen Bryant’s enormous 1874 scenery book Picturesque America. Woolson’s fictional story is a satire of travel in which a young urban woman accompanies her grandfather to the countryside “in search of the picturesque” and instead only finds development. This story signals the shift in literary interest in rural subjects toward regionalism. Regionalism disavowed the earlier focus on picturesque landscapes, instead featuring distinctive regional dialects and cultural practices that reflected the newly created social sciences. Bryant’s Picturesque America was a Reconstruction-era project aimed at reconnecting the divided nation through a nonhierarchical unification under the sign of “picturesque.” Adding not only the West but also the South to the compendium of American scenery, Picturesque America imagined the entire nation as picturesque. In this formulation, the picturesque became synonymous with landscape in general. Although the picturesque lost its appeal as an authoritative discourse for shaping the American landscape in the latter third of the nineteenth century, this book demonstrates that the spaces that dominated American life in the twentieth century and beyond are owed almost entirely to the transformative project of the mid-nineteenth-century picturesque.

Intra-Asian Competition and Collaboration against the West: The N.Y.K. Bombay Line, Tata & Sons, and Indian Cotton at the End of the Nineteenth Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-293
Author(s):  
Shigeru Akita
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
The West ◽  
Cotton Industry ◽  
Export Industry ◽  
British Raj ◽  
Economic Exploitation

Abstract The traditional and orthodox interpretation of the British Raj (colonial rule in India) characterizes it in terms of the economic exploitation of India. However, recent historical studies have focused on the revival or development of the Indian cotton industry at the turn of the twentieth century. This article pays special attention to the rapid development of the Indian cotton-spinning industry as an export industry for the Chinese market and its implications for intra-Asian competition.

Future Impossible Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Jossianna Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Special Section ◽  
The West ◽  
Spanish Caribbean ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Intervention ◽  
Key Interventions

This response essay reviews the six contributions to the special section “Con-Federating the Archipelago: The Confederación Antillana and the West Indies Federation.” These key interventions on the Spanish Caribbean Confederation projects in the nineteenth century and the West Indies Federation in the twentieth century provoke the following questions: Could we call these two Caribbean confederation projects failures if their centrality in Caribbean political imaginaries suggests otherwise? What are some of the insights that these two projects could offer to Caribbean sociohistorical processes, culture, and political developments? Even though these two projects seem to share a similar political goal, they are also radically different. The author reviews the contributions to the special section in dialogue with examples from Puerto Rico in order to assess the critical intervention in theories of nationalism produced by the past projects of federation and the possible futures they give rise to.

scholarly journals La Brevísima: el fantasma y el árbol del crimen

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-158
Author(s):  
Enrique Flores Esquivel
Keyword(s):  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Short Account ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Bartolome De Las Casas ◽  
Black Legend

This work essays an approach to the most radical work of fray Bartolomé de Las Casas —A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies— through Sade’s writing system and, particularly, through the enlightenment of Roland Barthes’ reading in his book Sade, Fourier, Loyola which paradoxically places Las Casas in the dark side of a tradition often confused with the so-called “black legend” that can be defined by the title Barthes initially gave to his essay: “The Tree of Crime”. This work about crime, mise-en-scene and cruelty is deeply rooted in the Baroque, and also shows its multiple connections with the techniques of the image and imagination of Ignacio de Loyola.

Lieutenant Henry Pottinger and 150 Years of Baloch History

2019 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Brian Spooner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Context ◽  
The West ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vast Area

In the early decades of the nineteenth century, the UK dispatched a number of envoys, agents and spies into the vast area between northern India and the Ottoman and Russian Empires. The information gathered by these adventurers provided the basis for British policy for the next hundred years, right down to the Great War of the twentieth century. Their publications have served as major sources of historical data, especially for Afghanistan, Iran and the area that later became Pakistan. But how their larger social context conditioned their work has not been examined sufficiently. In this chapter, I will focus on the adventures of Lieutenant Henry Pottinger, whose brief was one of the most challenging. However, he was well aware of being one of a number of Englishmen of different social classes who were doing similar things. What we learn about any one of them will shed additional light on the activities and significance of the work of the others, and in turn help us to understand the relationship between these countries and the West as it has evolved from the nineteenth century to the present day.

The Recuperation of Sovereign Rights by Asian Countries, circa 1870–1945: From Capitulations to Equal Relations, the Dutch Experience

Itinerario ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Bootsma
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Far East ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
Dutch Experience

Western expansion in Asia during the nineteenth and early twentieth century resulted in two different groups of Asian countries: those which fell victim to European colonialism and those which managed to maintain the basis of their sovereign rights. This contribution will concentrate on the second group, including not only the countries of the so-called Far East but those of the Middle Eastern Ottoman Empire as well. The link between these two otherwise separate worlds is the concept of consular jurisdiction. It originated in the Islamic world and was transplanted by the West to China, Japan and Siam in the second half of the nineteenth century. In the twentieth, it became the touchstone in the relations of the Asian countries with the West in their struggle for equality.

NATO Retrospect

1961 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence S. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
The West ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Party Differences ◽  
The New Deal

NatoHas appeared under many labels since its creation — Guardian of Peace, Pawn of Power Politics, Savior of the West, and Harbinger of War. All of them probably have some validity. But no matter which sobriquet is most applicable, the most significant feature of the alliance may be that it has survived twelve years of continuous challenges. By its survival it has become the symbol of America's abandonment of isolationism. In an age in which foreign policy plays the kind of role in domestic politics that would have been unthinkable in the nineteenth century, NATO represents a coherence in foreign policy that transcends party differences. Conceived under the Republican 80th Congress, put into effect by President Truman and Secretary Acheson, and expanded by President Eisenhower and Secretary Dulles, NATO now takes its place with the New Deal as a major factor in American life in the mid-twentieth century.

When Regulation Was Religious: College Philanthropy, Antislavery Politics, and Accreditation in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century West

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-93
Author(s):  
John Frederick Bell
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theological Education ◽  
The West ◽  
Iowa College ◽  
College Now ◽  
Knox College ◽  
Sectional Conflict

The college accreditation movement that arose at the turn of the twentieth century had an important antecedent in the Society for the Promotion of Collegiate and Theological Education at the West. Founded in 1843, this nondenominational philanthropy aspired to direct the development of higher education by dispersing eastern funds to Protestant colleges that met its standards for instruction, administration, and piety. For all its ambitions, the Society did not always offer dependable or disinterested supervision. Its relationships with Knox College and Iowa College (now Grinnell) exposed its shortcomings. Coinciding with the rising sectional conflict over slavery, the activities of these institutions forced the regulatory association to engage in the very brand of ecclesiastical politics it had vowed to transcend. This article shows how institutional resistance and church rivalry helped delay the growth of accreditation until the turn of the twentieth century, when secular organizations took up the reins of regulation.

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