Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Party System ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
World Today ◽  
System Collapse ◽  
The World

In addition to conceptualizing the two types of subnational policy challenges that are examined in the book, this introductory chapter explores the distinctive possibilities and limitations of subnational neoliberalism and subnational statism as two prominent types of subnational policy regimes. It also examines the causes that have made subnational policy challenges more common around the world today and specifically within Latin America, including globalization, democratization, decentralization, party system collapse, and indigenous mobilization. Next, the chapter assesses the importance of the shift toward greater territorial heterogeneity by analyzing the possible advantages and disadvantages of this shift, including when it results in cases of policy regime juxtaposition. The chapter ends with a brief overview of the theoretical framework, which stresses the importance of structural, institutional, and coalitional factors to explain variation in the success of subnational policy challenges.

Prologue

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-54
Author(s):  
Maidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Muslim Minorities ◽  
Academic Discourses

The Prologue contextualises the socio-economic conditions of Muslim minorities in contemporary India. It points out severe income inequality as the most significant feature of contemporary India, which is governed by the logic of neoliberal economic policies. This chapter reviews the political, policymaking, and academic discourses in the socio-political and economic contexts of neoliberal reforms in India. It introduces the questions that the book addresses in the later chapters. This introductory chapter also narrates the theoretical framework, the conceptual clarifications regarding the specificity of the Indian Muslim identity, the particular characteristics of the Indian version of neoliberalism, and the peculiarities of the political and policy regimes that sustain Indian neoliberalism and spells out the chapter plan in the book.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilge Yesil
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Political ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Media System ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Cultural Tensions

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, namely to provide a systematic analysis of Turkey's media system, its reconfiguration under domestic and international dynamics, the political and cultural tensions it harbors, and the trajectories it shares with other media systems around the world. The book highlights the push-pull forces of a centralized state authority and its democratization demands, the interpenetration of state and capital, and the overlapping of patronage structures with market imperatives. The remainder of the chapter discusses Turkey's media industry, its political system, and its authoritarian neoliberal order. These are followed by descriptions of the scope of the present study, the theoretical framework and methods, and an overview of the subsequent chapters.

The challenges facing Latin America in the world today

CEPAL Review ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 (34) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Guillermo Maldonado Lince
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World

Latin America and World Problems: Prospects and Alternatives

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor L. Urquidi ◽  
Vincente Sanchez ◽  
Eduardo Terrazas
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Natural System ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article will serve as a commentary on the future of Latin America and on some possible alternatives for the problems facing it while taking worldwide issues and problems into account. It does not claim to formulate or reformulate existing theories on the management and dynamics of the global crisis that threaten the world today. It will, however, go into the premises on which our thinking is based and the various levels of distinction used in approaching these global problems.The basic premise is that the relationship of man in society with nature has progressively deteriorated. Man is an integral part of nature, a fact that is increasingly being ignored. As society has increased in complexity and extent, there has been a growing alienation between man and the natural system of which he is a part. This has resulted in a series of crises between man and nature in areas such as the environment, food, energy, population, and so on, which are only different facets of the global crisis.

scholarly journals Democracy, Islam and Party System in Indonesia: towards a consensus-oriented model?

PCD Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Pal Istvan Gyene
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Democratic Parties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parliamentary Politics ◽  
Different Levels

This paper argues that the impact of “Islam” on the Indonesian political system is worth studying on three different levels: 1. society’s political divisions; 2. the party system 3. parliamentary politics. I contend that there is a specifically Indonesian “consensus-oriented” democracy model involved in the process—which is not, however, without Western predecessors—wherein political Islam and Islamist parties act not as destabilising factors but rather as “Muslim democratic” forces that strengthen democratic consensus in a manner similar to some “Western” Christian democratic parties. This research is based partly on a historical and, implicitly, comparative approach. It builds strongly on the theoretical framework and methodology of Sartori’s classic party system typology, Lijphardt’s “majoritarian” and “consensus-based” democracy model, and the so-called neo-institutionalist debate on the possible advantages and disadvantages of parliamentary and presidential governments.  

Science, Love, and Anaconda Research

Anaconda ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jesús A. Rivas
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Opportunities To Learn ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World

This introductory chapter provides an overview of anaconda research. It describes the author’s experience growing up as a herpetologist in Venezuela, which has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is the large number and ubiquity of snakes. The disadvantages are the lack of guidance and lack of opportunities to learn. After the discovery of an illegal trade of anacondas throughout the continent, the author decided to advocate for anacondas, using a grant from the Convention for the International Trade of Endangered Species to study the most fascinating snake in the world. The chapter differentiates between two kinds of biologists: hypothesis-driven ones and organism-driven ones. Hypothesis-driven biologists seek an organism that fits their question, but organism-driven biologists find the organism they love and let the organism indicate what has to be studied about it.

Introduction

Tea War ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
China And India ◽  
World Today ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
Indian Tea

This introductory chapter provides a background of Chinese and Indian tea. It was in early imperial China where tea was first ritually imbibed as a medicinal and religious drink, and it was eighteenth-century Chinese merchants who helped popularize it as a global commodity, enabling it to become the most consumed commercial beverage in the world today. And yet, over the course of the next century, the Indian tea industry—operated by British colonial planters and based in the northeast territory of Assam—suddenly overtook China as the world's top exporter. British and, later, Japanese propagandists seized upon this inversion in the global division of labor. Propagandists dismissed Tang- and Song-era (618–1279) records of tea in China as unreliable, asserting instead that the true “birthplace of tea” must have been in India or Japan. This book presents the histories of Chinese and colonial Indian tea as a dynamic, unified story of global interaction, one mediated by modern capitalist competition. Their implications challenge many of the conventional assumptions about capitalism in China and India—or its absence thereof—and in so doing, they provocatively contribute to a more global conception of capitalism's history as a whole.

Bivalent Attributes of the Family Firm

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Tagiuri ◽  
John Davis
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
World Today ◽  
Inherent Feature ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Predominant Form

Although family-owned and managed firms are the predominant form of business organization in the world today, little systematic research exists on these companies. This paper builds upon insights found in the emerging literature on these enterprises and upon our own observations to provide a conceptual framework to better understand these complex organizations. We introduce the concept of the Bivalent Attributes—a unique, inherent feature of an organization that is the source of both advantages and disadvantages— to explain the dynamics of the family firm.

State of Play and the Road Ahead

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
Margot E Salomon
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
The Road ◽  
World Today ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Features

This introductory chapter draws from, and builds on, the three chapters on human rights and poverty in this edited volume. It explores those contributions with an eye to what they advocate and as a basis for exposing obstacles to bringing human rights to bear on poverty and material inequality. Three key features that characterize the world today are addressed: a multilevel democratic deficit, a harmful commitment to growth, and a categorical absence of accountability for the state of poverty and inequality. This chapter reflects on the state of play and the road ahead and concludes by, querying whether international law in fact values people living in poverty and the limits of the human rights project in seeking to ensure that that it does.

Introduction: the warp, woof, and weave of American gun violence

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Justin A. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Dime Novel ◽  
American Law ◽  
Foucauldian Theory

This introductory chapter lays down the theoretical framework for the forgoing analyses, taking many cues from legal studies, U.S. Supreme Court cases and Foucauldian theory. In the world of the Western, the procedural focus of American law gets in the way of justice. The genre embraces justice by gun violence rather than by trial, and has therefore often been read as ‘anti-law’. From the early dime novel fascination with such outlaws and renegades as Billy the Kid and Jesse James, through depictions of lynching in Owen Wister’s 1902 novel, The Virginian, and the film The Ox-Bow Incident (1943), to the guns-blazing heroics of films such as Rio Bravo (1959), High Noon (1952), and Shane (1953), through the darker critiques of The Gunfighter (1950), The Wild Bunch (1969), and Unforgiven (1992), to the postmodern pastiche of Django Unchained (2012), the Western has nourished a vision of social organisation and a means for delivering justice that operates outside the official parameters of American law, relying on a gunslinging hero to uphold order. This chapter argues, in fact, that this opposition is progressively undone in the genre’s formulaic shootouts. The cherished antipathy between ‘the law’ and the Western’s ‘law of the gun’ is, in short, unfounded.

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