The Organization of Markets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Ahrne ◽  
Patrik Aspers ◽  
Nils Brunsson
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Mutual Adaptation ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
Partial Organization ◽  
Organization Of Markets ◽  
Book Markets

The term organization has earlier been used in the context of markets, but what is missing from current literature is a more systematic analysis of this notion. We present an analysis of partial organization that provides a theoretical framework for the discussions in the remaining chapters. Organization is described as a decided order where the most fundamental decisions are about membership, rules, monitoring, sanctions, and hierarchy. We exemplify how these ‘organizational elements’ are common in contemporary markets—not only in markets within formal organizations such as exchanges, but also in the more common form of markets described in the book, markets outside formal organizations. We demonstrate that a decided order has specific characteristics that make it salient to distinguish it from orders emerging from mutual adaptation among market actors and from institutions in markets.

Organizing and Reorganizing Markets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Brunsson ◽  
Mats Jutterström
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Intermediate Result ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Mainstream Economics ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
Partial Organization ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Market Organization

Organizing and Reorganizing Markets is an edited volume that brings organization theory to the study of markets. The differences between markets and organizations are often exaggerated. Both are organized. Organizing exists in addition to other processes and phenomena that form markets: the mutual adaption among sellers and buyers as described in mainstream economics and the institutions described in institutional economics and economic sociology. Market organization can be analysed with the same type of theories used for analysing organization within formal organizations. Through the use of many empirical examples, the book demonstrates how this can be done. We argue that the way a certain market is organized can be understood as the (intermediate) result of previous organizing processes. We discuss such questions as ‘What drives market organizing and reorganizing processes? What makes various organizations intervene as market organizers? And how are the specific contents of market organization determined?’ The answers to these questions help us to analyse similarities and differences among organizing processes in formal organizations and those in markets. The arguments are illustrated by in-depth studies of many types of markets. The book is intended to open up markets as a field of study for scholars of organization. Although the chapters have different authors, they use and elaborate upon the same general theoretical framework. The book contributes to the issue of organization outside and among organizations where a fundamental concept is that of partial organization.

Primary malignant melanoma of the urethra: a systematic analysis of the current literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 289 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer El-Safadi ◽  
Rebecca Estel ◽  
Peter Mayser ◽  
Karsten Muenstedt
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Primary Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Systematic Analysis

A Survey on Ontology Creation Methodologies

2011 ◽  
pp. 98-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Cristani ◽  
Roberta Cuel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Right

In the current literature of knowledge management and artificial intelligence, several different approaches to the problem have been carried out of developing domain ontologies from scratch. All these approaches deal fundamentally with three problems: (1) providing a collection of general terms describing classes and relations to be employed in the description of the domain itself; (2) organizing the terms into a taxonomy of the classes by the ISA relation; and (3) expressing in an explicit way the constraints that make the ISA pairs meaningful. Though a number of such approaches can be found, no systematic analysis of them exists which can be used to understand the inspiring motivation, the applicability context, and the structure of the approaches. In this paper, we provide a framework for analyzing the existing methodologies that compares them to a set of general criteria. In particular, we obtain a classification based upon the direction of ontology construction; bottom-up are those methodologies that start with some descriptions of the domain and obtain a classification, while top-down ones start with an abstract view of the domain itself, which is given a priori. The resulting classification is useful not only for theoretical purposes but also in the practice of deployment of ontologies in Information Systems, since it provides a framework for choosing the right methodology to be applied in the specific context, depending also on the needs of the application itself.

scholarly journals Lethal Images: Analyzing Extremist Visual Propaganda from ISIS and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-657
Author(s):  
Stephane J Baele ◽  
Katharine A Boyd ◽  
Travis G Coan
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Visual Style ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
Visual Propaganda ◽  
Extremist Groups ◽  
And Shifts

Abstract Violent extremist groups regularly use pictures in their propaganda. This practice, however, remains insufficiently understood. Conceptualizing visual images as amplifiers of narratives and emotions, the present article offers an original theoretical framework and measurement method for examining the synchronic and diachronic study of the manipulative use of images by violent extremist groups. We illustrate this framework and method with a systematic analysis of the 2,058 pictures contained in the Islamic State's propaganda magazines targeting Western audiences, exposing the “visual style” of the group, and highlighting the trends and shifts in the evolution of this style following developments on the ground.

scholarly journals Domestic structure and sub-national foreign policy: an explanatory framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Ayman El-Dessouki
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Grounds ◽  
Academic Debate

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effects of domestic structure forces on “sub-national” foreign policy (SFP); an analytical concept provides a suitable operational framework for research on international activities of sub-national entities or regions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is carried out on the basis of a theoretical framework proposed by the author. First, the dependent variable is defined. Then, domestic structure is broken down into four variables, including legal grounds, the level of autonomy, the type of intergovernmental relations and institutionalization. A comparative method is used to examine the validity of the theoretical framework.FindingsThe paper finds out that domestic structural forces influence level and form of SFP with some regularity. The influence of these forces on SFP can be explained, as they recur and have such consistent effects that they create patterns and regularities in SFP. Such regularities can be detected through systematic analysis.Originality/valueThe topic of SFP is relatively controversial because of academic debate over international agency of substate actors. However, it is a worthwhile subject of research, as it has the potential to revolutionize research in foreign policy analysis. Moreover, the phenomenon of SFP is in need of theorizing and comparison as the literature on SFP is still in its infancy.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilge Yesil
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Political ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Media System ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Cultural Tensions

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, namely to provide a systematic analysis of Turkey's media system, its reconfiguration under domestic and international dynamics, the political and cultural tensions it harbors, and the trajectories it shares with other media systems around the world. The book highlights the push-pull forces of a centralized state authority and its democratization demands, the interpenetration of state and capital, and the overlapping of patronage structures with market imperatives. The remainder of the chapter discusses Turkey's media industry, its political system, and its authoritarian neoliberal order. These are followed by descriptions of the scope of the present study, the theoretical framework and methods, and an overview of the subsequent chapters.

scholarly journals A Theoretical Framework to Determine RHP Zero Dynamics in Sequential Interacting Sub-Systems

Algorithms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Maxim ◽  
Riccardo Ferracuti ◽  
Clara M. Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Process ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Zero Dynamics ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Degree Of Coupling

A theoretical framework for determining the dynamics of interacting sub-systems is proposed in this paper. Specifically, a systematic analysis is performed that results in an indication about whether an MP or an NMP dynamics occurs in the analyzed process during operation. The analysis stems from the physical process description and the degree of coupling between sub-systems. The presented methodology is generalized for n sub-systems with sequential interaction (i.e., in which the coupling is unidirectional and occurs between consecutive sub-systems), and the outcome is useful investigation tool prior to the controller design phase. Given the generality of the approach, the theoretical framework is valid for any dynamic process with interacting sub-systems in the context of LTI systems.

Exploring the Design Space of Innovation Canvases

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja THORING ◽  
Roland M. MUELLER ◽  
Petra BADKE-SCHAUB
Keyword(s):  
Design Space ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Working Mechanisms

Designerly innovation tools, such as canvases, are widely used for facilitating team and collaboration processes. This paper outlines the potential design space of such innovation canvases. Based on a systematic analysis of 123 existing canvases we developed a morphological box that distinguishes between six different parameters identified as relevant: (1) addressed process step, (2) involved media, (3) sequence of use, (4) available instructions, (5) number of elements, and (6) design specifics, as well as possible choices among them. The analysis also yielded several research gaps. Furthermore, we present an in-depth discussion of the possible theoretical underpinnings of innovation canvases and summarize them in a theoretical framework. The results of this paper provide references for other researchers and practitioners to better understand working mechanisms and fields of application of existing canvases and for developing such visual innovation tools for their own purposes.

Identifying Managerial Influences on Exporting: Past Research and Future Directions

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas C. Leonidou ◽  
Constantine S. Katsikeas ◽  
Nigel F. Piercy
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Export Behavior

Research on exporting frequently stresses the role of managerial characteristics as influences on the export behavior of the firm. This article reviews the conceptual, methodological, and empirical insights gained from a systematic analysis of 46 studies conducted on this subject. Undoubtedly, this stream of research has enhanced understanding of the importance of managerial elements in affecting exporting activities. However, conceptually this research is still in its exploratory phase of development, lacking an integral theoretical framework. Certain methodological limitations are also identified, especially with respect to sampling designs, fieldwork procedures, and analytical methods. Empirically, hypothesized associations between managerial factors and export dimensions lead to diverse and sometimes conflicting findings, except for attributes of a general-subjective nature that demonstrate a consistently strong relationship with exporting—particularly in relation to the firm's propensity to export. The review reaches certain significant conclusions and suggests directions for future research in the field.

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