Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Vandrei
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Public History ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Culture ◽  
The Way

This chapter introduces the reader to the story of Boudica, beginning in the early modern period. It also introduces what is meant by ‘historical culture’, and discusses the manner in which these two themes open up wider questions about the creative processes inherent in reconstructing the past. It discusses the distinction between approaches to the history of history, including memory and public history, as well as the existing scholarly literature about Boudica’s posthumous reputation. It goes on to argue that historical ideas are the product of complex, individualized processes, through which scholars can move beyond an understanding of the past as epiphenomenal to any single present. It establishes the argument, methodology, and audience for the book, noting in particular the way in which historical culture encourages a renewed focus on the importance of ‘truth’ in understanding the past’s relationship to successive presents.

scholarly journals The History of the Normative Opposition of “Language versus Dialect”: From Its Graeco-Latin Origin to Central Europe’s Ethnolinguistic Nation-States

2016 ◽  
pp. 164-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kamusella
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
A Value ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The History of the Normative Opposition of “Language versus Dialect”: From Its Graeco-Latin Origin to Central Europe’s Ethnolinguistic Nation-StatesThe concept of “a language” (Einzelsprache, that is, one of many extant languages) and its opposition to “dialect” (considered as a “non-language,” and thus subjugable to an already recognized language merely as “its” dialect) is the way people tend to think about languages in the West today. It appears to be a value-free, self-evident conception of the linguistic position. So much so that the concept of “language” was included neither in Immanuel Kant’s system of categories, nor in the authoritative Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexikon zur politisch sozialen Sprache in Deutschland. This paper sketches the rise of the “dialect vs language” opposition in classical Greek, its transposition onto classical Latin, and its transfer, through medieval and renaissance Latin, to the early modern period. On the way, the Greek and Latin terms for “language” (and also for “dialect”) sometimes functioned as synonyms for peoples (that is, ethnic groups), which – importantly – contributed to the rise of the normative equation of language with nation in the early nineteenth century. It was the beginning of the ethnolinguistic kind of nationalism that prevails to this day in Central Europe. Dzieje normatywnej dychotomii języka i dialektu: Od greko-łacińskich źródeł po państwa etnicznojęzykowe Europy ŚrodkowejPojęcie języka jako jednego z wielu (Einzelsprache) stawiane w diametralnej opozycji do „dialektu” (czyli „nie-języka”, który normatywnie musi zostać przyporządkowany jakiemuś już wcześniej uznanemu językowi jako jeden z jego dialektów) stanowi formę pojęciową, poprzez pryzmat której postrzega się języki i dyskutuje o nich we współczesnym świecie Zachodu. Z powodu powszechnego uznania owa forma pojęciowa wydaje się tak oczywista i wolna od nacechowania ideologicznego, że Immanuel Kant nie uwzględnił języka w zaproponowanym przez siebie systemie kategorii filozoficznych, podobnie jak i autorzy niezmiernie wpływowego dzieła z zakresu historiografii i socjologii politycznej o znamiennym tytule Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexikon zur politisch sozialen Sprache in Deutschland. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiam wyłonienie się opozycji języka wobec dialektu w starożytnej grece oraz jego recepcję na gruncie łaciny od starożytności rzymskiej po okres nowożytny. W ciągu wieków utarło się używanie greckich i łacińskich terminów w odniesieniu do „języka” jako synonimów na określenie ludów (czy też grup etnicznych), co we wczesnym XIX stuleciu silnie wpłynęło na wykształcenie się normatywnego zrównania języka z narodem. Stanowiło to początek fenomenu znanego pod nazwą „nacjonalizmu etnicznojęzykowego”, który na poziomie państw dominuje po dziś dzień w całej Europie Środkowej.

Aπαθεια and Πρ&ogr;παθειαι in Early Modern Discussions of the Passions: Stoicism, Christianity and Natural History

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 230-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Kraye
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper examines the reception of the Stoic theory of the passions in the early modern period, highlighting various differences between the way notions such as απαθεια (complete freedom from passions) and πρ&ogr;παθειαι (pre-passions) were handled and interpreted by Continental and English authors. Both groups were concerned about the compatibility of Stoicism with Christianity, but came to opposing conclu- sions; and while the Continental scholars drew primarily on ancient philosophical texts, the English ones relied, in addition, on experience and observation, developing a natural history of the passions.

scholarly journals Wearing images. Introduction = Imágenes portadas. Introducción

2018 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Diane H. Bodart
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Art Object ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modes Of Interaction

In the past decades, studies on the materiality and the efficacy of images, as well as the artistic and social practices related to them, have allowed scholars to explore how much images’ making, use, handling and display contributed to the activation of their powers of presence through their interaction with the viewer. Further, the growing interest in the articulation between the history of art and the anthropology of images has brought to light the close links between the art object and the body: in fact, if the body can be the medium of the animate art object, the art object can potentially act as a substitute of the animate body. But what happens when the body is the support of a distinctive image, when it inscribes an image on its own surface, whether directly on the skin or through intermediary props such as clothing or corporeal parure? Wearing Images investigates the different modes of interaction between the image and the body that wears it in the Early-Modern period, when devotional, political, dynastic or familial images could be worn as medals, jewels, badges, embroidered garments or tattoos.En las últimas décadas, los estudios sobre la materialidad y la eficacia de las imágenes, así como de las prácticas artísticas y sociales asociadas a ellas, han permitido a los historiadores explorar hasta qué punto la fabricación de las imágenes, su uso, manejo y exhibición contribuyó a activar sus capacidades de presentarse a través de su interacción con el espectador. Además, el creciente diálogo entre la historia del arte y la antropología de las imágenes ha puesto de relieve las estrechas conexiones entre el objeto artístico y el cuerpo: en efecto, si el cuerpo puede ser el medio para el objeto artístico animado, el objeto artístico puede actuar potencialmente como sustituto del cuerpo animado. Pero ¿qué ocurre cuando el cuerpo es el soporte de una imagen distintiva, cuando inscribe una imagen en su propia superficie, ya sea directamente en la piel o a través de intermediarios como el vestido o un adorno? Wearin Images investiga las diferentes modalidades de interacción entre la imagen y el cuerpo que se viste con ella en la Edad moderna, en una época en la que imágenes devocionales, políticas, dinásticas o familiares podían vestirse como medallas, joyas, placas, prendas bordadas o tatuajes.

Writing the past in early-modern Ireland: Anglesey, Borlase and the craft of history

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (158) ◽  
pp. 171-191
Author(s):  
Eamon Darcy
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Political Factions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Methods

AbstractThe draft notes for a proposed history of Ireland compiled by Arthur Annesley, the first earl of Anglesey, and letters to Edmund Borlase, author of The history of the execrable Irish rebellion (London, 1680), which describe the reception of his work in England and Ireland, offer a convenient keyhole through which historians can investigate the craft of history writing in the early-modern period. While there has been much discussion of these authors and their contribution to wider political (and highly partisan) debates concerning the Popish Plot and the Exclusion Crisis, less has been said about the historical methods they employed to understand the past. While this article does not deny that both authors attempted to defend their own political factions and views, it argues that a focus on the partisan nature of their contributions neglects the historiographical context to what they produced. Both Anglesey’s and Borlase’s research and writing occurred at a time of profound change in history writing as readers were becoming increasingly critical of works they read and authors engaged in sustained attempts to understand deep-lying causes of the various crises that engulfed the three kingdoms. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to illustrate how both Anglesey and Borlase’s ‘histories’ reflected this historiographical turn in the late-seventeenth century.

Too Much to Rule: States and Empires across the Early Modern World

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Marcocci
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Promising Line

In the past two decades, empires have increasingly attracted the attention of historians of the early modern period to the detriment of the traditional focus on states as the default political unit of analysis. The emergence of global history is not alien to this turn. This article maintains that our understanding of configurations of the early modern political map would only benefit from detaching the history of the state from its European trajectory and focusing on the multiple connections between states and empires across the world. Not only did both states and empires share the problem of having too much to rule, but their differences were not always so clear to the historical actors. Therefore, looking at their interactions at a local level might be a promising line to follow in future research.

scholarly journals Ōta Gyūichi. “Shinchō-kō ki”. Book XI (part 1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1312-1341
Author(s):  
S. A. Polkhov
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Campaign ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Middle Ages

This publication is a continuation in the series of academic translations of the books of Shinchō-kō ki chronicle into Russian. Shinchō-kō ki is a biography of the “unifier of Japan” Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582). One of the most important sources on the history of Japan (the end of the Middle Ages – the beginning of the Early Modern period), it was finally formed at the turn of the 16th–17th centuries. The author of the chronicle is Nobunaga’s vassal called O̅ta Gyu̅ichi (1527–1613?). The book 11 mainly provides accounts about the military campaign of other vassals of Nobunaga against powerful Mo̅ri house and its allies. The latter was joined by Bessho Nagaharu, one of the influential lords of Harima province. The first academic translation of Shinchō- kō ki into Russian is supplied with a detailed commentary. In this commentary, the records as found in the chronicle are compared against other sources. Besides, in the commentary, the author of the translation offers his interpretation of the complicated passages from Shinchō-kō ki along with their traditional interpretations as found in the scholarly literature.

History of Ardalānids (1590-1810) by Sharaf al-Dīn bin Shams al-Dīn

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-79
Author(s):  
Sara Zandi Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Translation

This article is a critical translation of the “History of the Ardalānids.” In doing so, it hopes to make available to a wider academic audience this invaluable source on the study of Iranian Kurdistan during the early modern period. While a number of important texts pertaining to the Kurds during this era, most notably the writings of the Ottoman traveler Evliya Chalabi, focus primarily on Ottoman Kurdistan, this piece in contrast puts Iranian Kurdistan in general and the Ardalān dynasty in particular at the center of its historical narrative. Thus it will be of interest not only to scholars of Kurdish history but also to those seeking more generally to research life on the frontiers of empires.Keywords: Ẕayl; Ardalān; Kurdistan; Iran.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIDîroka Erdelaniyan (1590-1810)Ev gotar wergereke rexneyî ya “Dîroka Erdelaniyan” e. Bi vê yekê, merema xebatê ew e ku vê çavkaniya pir biqîmet a li ser Kurdistana Îranê ya di serdema pêş-modern de ji bo cemawerê akademîk berdest bike. Hejmareke metnên girîng li ser Kurdên wê serdemê, bi taybetî nivîsînên Evliya Çelebî yê seyyahê osmanî, zêdetir berê xwe didine Kurdistana di bin hukmê Osmaniyan de. Lê belê, di navenda vê xebatê de, bi giştî Kurdistana Îranê û bi taybetî jî xanedana Erdelaniyan heye. Wisa jî ew dê ne tenê ji bo lêkolerên dîroka kurdî belku ji bo ewên ku dixwazin bi rengekî berfirehtir derheq jiyana li ser tixûbên împeretoriyan lêkolînan bikin jî dê balkêş be.ABSTRACT IN SORANIMêjûy Erdellan (1590-1810)Em wutare wergêrranêkî rexneyî “Mêjûy Erdellan”e, bew mebestey em serçawe girînge le ser Kurdistanî Êran le seretakanî serdemî nwê bixate berdest cemawerî ekademî. Jimareyek serçawey girîng le ser kurdekan lew serdeme da hen, diyartirînyan nûsînekanî gerîdey ‘Usmanî Ewliya Çelebîye, ke zortir serincyan le ser ‘Kurdistanî ‘Usmanî bûwe. Em berheme be pêçewanewe Kurdistanî Êran be giştî, we emaretî Erdelan be taybetî dexate senterî xwêndinewekewe. Boye nek tenya bo twêjeranî biwarî mêjûy kurdî, belku bo ewaney le ser jiyan le sinûre împiratoriyekan twêjînewe deken, cêgay serinc debêt.

The Russian Holy Synod and the Greeks

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 72-98
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Chrissidis
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Greek History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

Abstract The article first surveys Greek interpretations of the creation of the Russian Holy Synod by Peter the Great. It provides a critical assessment of the historiographical paradigm offered by N.F. Kapterev for the analysis of Greek-Russian relations in the early modern period. Finally, it proposes that scholars should focus on a Greek history of Greek-Russian relations as a complement and possibly corrective to the Kapterev paradigm.

An Early Jesuit Encounter with the Qur’an

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Paul Shore
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
European Language ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European

The manuscipt Animadversiones, Notae ac Disputationes in Pestilentem Alcoranum is an almost entirely unknown translation of the Qur'an into baroque Latin completed by the Jesuit priest Ignazio Lomellini in 1622, of which only one copy exists. It is accompanied by extensive commentaries and includes a complete text of the Qur’an in Arabic and numerous marginalia. It is, therefore, one of the earliest complete translations of the Qur’an into a western European language and a crucial document of the encounter between western Christianity and Islam in the early modern period. This essay examines Lomellini’s understanding of Arabic and, specifically, of the cultural and religious underpinnings of Qur’anic Arabic. Special attention is given to his lexical choices. This essay also deals with the document’s intended audience, the resources upon which he drew (including the library of his patron, Cardinal Alessandro Orsini), and the manuscript’s relationship to the Jesuits’ broader literary and missionary efforts. Finally, it asks why scholars, particularly those who study the history of the Jesuits, have ignored this manuscript and its author.

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