Freedom in Religion, Freedom in the State

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Mirjam Künkler
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The State ◽  
Intellectual Biography ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Role Of Religion

This article provides an overview of Böckenförde’s writings on issues of religion, ethos, and the Catholic Church in relation to law, democracy, and the state. It presents Böckenförde as an inner-Catholic critic, who attempted to persuade Catholicism that one’s own freedom can be defended only as part of the general freedom. This was finally achieved, at least dogmatically according to Böckenförde, with the Declaration of Religious Freedom at the end of the Second Vatican Council. The article lays out how Böckenförde sees the role of religion and natural law in secular democracy, namely as one informing the citizens’ ethos. Democracy cannot survive in the long term unless it is carried out by people who consider themselves part of the same demos and work towards a shared democratic culture. The article includes information on his intellectual biography, a periodization of his academic writings in seven phases from 1957 to 2012, a discussion of some of his core arguments as an inner-Catholic critic, a reflection on the cover images he chose for the two volumes, and closes with concluding remarks on Böckenförde’s view of religion in democracy compared to other theorists of democracy and secularism.

scholarly journals Wolność sumienia i religii w Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej - postulaty Kościoła katolickiego

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 371-383
Author(s):  
Paweł Sobczyk
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The State ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Systemic Transformation ◽  
Liberal Ideology ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Dimension

The systemic transformation initiated by the Roundtable talks of 1989 made it necessary for Poland to amend its constitution, including the regulations concerning the freedom of conscience and religion. It was natural for churches and religious organisations, including the Catholic Church, to participate in the constitutional debate. The study, reflecting only the Catholic Church’s official positions, presents issues concerning the Catholic Church’s position on religious freedom in the individual dimension, that is, the freedom of conscience and religion. The Conference of the Polish Episcopate’s 1990-1997 positions on religious freedom in the individual dimensions contained some of the most important aspects of the teaching of the Second Vatican Council. These represented the basis of the Episcopate’s position in the several-year-long debate on the desired model of the state. The constitutional guarantees of religious freedom contained in the article 53 (freedom of conscience and religion) should be seen as a compromise between the principles of liberal ideology and the teachings of the Vaticanum II.

scholarly journals Pedagogia Prymasa Tysiąclecia Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Bogusław Śliwerski
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
The Catholic Church

Pedagogy of the Primate of the Millennium, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński An analysis of source texts and selected biographical studies of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński was carried out from the perspectives of the processes of secularization taking place in Poland in the year AD 2020, the radical attacks of left-wing politicians on the Catholic Church and its relationship with the current governing coalition known as the United Right [Zjednoczona Prawica]. This strikes at the foundations of the Second Vatican Council and the role of the Polish Church in regaining the nation’s freedom from socialist domination in 1989. The author therefore recalls not only the exceptional merits of the Polish Primate during the period of totalitarianism of the „People’s Poland” [Polska Ludowa], but also his message to educator-practitioners, parents, and scientists.

scholarly journals Unitarian activity of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky in the context of the Vatican's Eastern policy (1901-1917).

2013 ◽  
pp. 228-238
Author(s):  
Ulyana Bezpalko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
International Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Scientific Reflection

The urgency of the topic of the article: determined by the need for coverage and scientific reflection on the socio-historical preconditions for the convening of the Second Vatican Council; determined by the need to study the problems and perspectives of establishing and church dialogue at the present stage. The study of the uniative activity of Metropolitan A. Sheptytsky in the context of the Vatican's Eastern policy in the early 20th century. makes it possible to understand the tendencies and peculiarities of the development of Ukrainian-Vatican relations at the present stage, the formation of a retrograde model of the Greek Catholic Church and its interaction with society, the state, the international community, etc.

scholarly journals The Nature and Missionary Role of the Lay People in the Light of Vatican II; Convenience or Conviction?

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Francis Appiah-Kubi ◽  
Robert Bonsu
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
People Of God ◽  
Lay People ◽  
The People ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Church

The nature and the missionary role of the laity in the church is one of the issues currently vital to the church and theologians. From the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) perspective, the word laity is technically understood to mean all the faithful except those in holy orders and those in the state of religious life specially approved by the Catholic Church (LG31). These faithful are by baptism made one with Christ and constitute the People of God; they are sharers in the priestly, prophetic and kingly functions of Christ; and they carry out for their own part the mission of the whole Christian people in the church and in the world. However, the distinction between the ordained and the lay is a real one. A great deal of attention has been paid to the ordained ministry of the Church, its nature, its authority and its functions. The laity tends, by way of contrast, to be taken very much for granted, as though in their case no special problems arise. This study discusses the nature, role, and participation of lay people in the mission of the Church as proposed by the Second Vatican Council. It treats succinctly the historical development of the Laity and the challenges and opportunities inherent in their mission.

Catholic Feminist Theology

2016 ◽  
pp. 832-849
Author(s):  
Danielle Nussberger
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Feminist Theology ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter charts the history of Catholicism’s feminist theology. It begins with an overview of contexts that contributed to the development of Catholic feminist theology, with particular emphasis on the role of the Second Vatican Council (1963–1965) in the surge of feminist theological dialogue that began in the Catholic Church in the 1960s and 1970s. It then considers various feminist theories that differed in their strategies for overcoming injustice against women, especially the first-, second-, and third-wave feminisms. It also examines Catholic feminist theology’s viewpoints on the methodological concerns of hermeneutics, language, and praxis, along with its interpretation of Scripture and Christian history, what language we should be using to name and call upon the God in whom we believe, Jesus’ redemption of humanity from sin; Mary and the saints; Trinity; and creation.

scholarly journals Lay Catholic Support for Exiled Polish Intellectuals in Britain, 1942–1962

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bush
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Education ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Subordinate Role

This article examines the hitherto unexplored role of lay Catholics in the tertiary education of Polish exiles in Britain, from the early 1940s to the beginning of the Second Vatican Council in 1962. It will examine the work of the Newman Association, a predominantly lay Catholic graduate society, as a case study to reveal how lay activism towards European exiles was influenced by a range of social, theological and political factors. It will highlight the ways in which support for Polish Catholic education could be manifested, including the establishment of a cultural hub in London, a scholarship programme to assist Polish students in British and Irish universities, and the development of cultural links with individuals and organisations within Poland. Ultimately, this article demonstrates the growing confidence of educated lay Catholics in breaking out of their historically subordinate role within the English Catholic Church in the years prior to Vatican II.

scholarly journals Gereja Persekutuan Umat Allah

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Novry Dien
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
People Of God ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
The Church

This essay deals with the idea of the church as the people of God according to Lumen Gentium, a Second Vatican Council’s document on the Catholic Church. The author tries to explore and understand the historical background of this idea and its development. This idea can be traced in the patristic time when the church was still limited to some small communities in which the leadership of the church was more charismatic. As the Church grew bigger and needed to be organized, the role of the hierarchy was clearly emphasized and enjoyed its almost absolute privilege during the Middle Ages. The Church restored its initial understanding in the Second Vatican Council which opened the windows for active role of the lay persons in the life of the church, working together with the hierarchy to present salvation to the world. This essay also tries to explore some problem regarding this idea which arose in ecclesiological discourse after the Second Vatican Council.

A Tale of Two Priests and Two Struggles: Liberation Theology from Dictatorship to Democracy in the Brazilian Northeast

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hoffman French
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The State ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Theology Of Liberation

Land for the landless, food for the hungry, literacy for the uneducated—not through charitable works, but by forcing the state to take seriously its responsibilities to its poorest citizens. This was integral to the theology of liberation as it was practiced by bishops, priests, and nuns in Brazil beginning shortly after the close of the Second Vatican Council in 1965. Important sectors of the Brazilian Catholic Church were “opting for the poor” at a time when economic development, modernization, and democracy were not considered appropriate or meaningful partners in the repressive environment characterized by the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-1985).

scholarly journals Peran Maria Sebagai Bunda dan Guru Imamat dalam Pembinaan Imam di Era Revolusi 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Saferinus Njo
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Pastoral Work ◽  
Priestly Formation ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Priestly Ministry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Catholic Church

Abstrak Pembinaan imam merupakan elemen penting dalam Gereja Katolik karena imam menjadi instrumen hidup karya keselamatan serentak berada di garis terdepan karya pastoral Gereja. Dalam konteks hidup yang selalu berubah dan berkembang, para imam dituntut untuk menyerupai Kristus, Kepala dan Gembala. Kehadiran dan peran Maria dalam pembinaan imam selalu aktual sepanjang masa. Sebab ada hubungan esensial antara Maria, Bunda Yesus dan imamat pelayanan Sang Putra, berdasarkan relasi keibuan ilahi Maria dan Imamat Kristus. Teladan Maria sebagai bunda, model dan guru ini direfleksikan dan ditandaskan dalam dokumen-dokumen sejak Konsili Vatikan II yang berbicara mengenai pembinaan imam. Artikel ini merupakan refleksi atas kehadiran dan peran Maria dalam pembinaan imam khususnya dalam era revolusi 4.0 berdasarkan dokumen-dokumen tersebut. Abstract Formation of priests is an important element in the Catholic Church because priests become living instruments of salvation while being at the forefront of pastoral work. In the context of a life that is always changing and developing, priests are required to resemble Christ, the Head and the Shepherd. Mary's presence and role in the formation of priests have always been a reality throughout the ages. Because there is an essential relationship between Mary, the Mother of Jesus and the priestly ministry of her Son, based on the relationship between Mary's divine motherhood and the Priesthood of Christ. Mary's example as a mother, model and teacher has been reflected upon and emphasized since the Second Vatican Council in documents dealing with priestly formation. This article is a reflection on the presence and role of Mary in the formation of priests, especially in the era of revolution 4.0 based on these documents.

scholarly journals Peran Sosial Gereja Menurut Barth dan Moltmann [The Social Role of the Church according to Barth and Moltmann]

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Edy J. P. Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Church

The ideology of the nation Indonesian is Pancasila. Within this ideology Pancasila, the state ensures religious freedom practices and provides space for religion to play a role in carrying out justice and peace in society. Particularly in the post-secular era, the role of religion becomes more significant. Post-secularism provides an active not passive and greater role for religion in presenting its social role. Christianity, as one of the religions in Indonesia, is also urged to participate in playing its social roles. Based on the characteristic Indonesian context, the social role of the church initiated by Karl Barth is far better to be employed in Indonesia than the social role of the church initiated by Jurgen Moltmann.

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